Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova最新文献

{"title":"[Idiopathic tinnitus as part of hypochondriacal disorders].","authors":"P A Stakanov, A V Yakimets, S V Ivanov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612603197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202612603197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify clinical features of psychopathological and pathocharacterological disorders in patients with idiopathic tinnitus and determine the typological and nosological pertinence of this psychopathological entity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty-one patients (32 males and 9 females) aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with tinnitus (H93.1 according to ICD-10) without organic causes were examined. Psychopathological, psychometric, clinical, and statistical methods were used; otolaryngological, neurological, and instrumental examinations were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Idiopathic tinnitus can have variable manifestations: it can be permanent or recurrent, stable or variable, single- or multicomponent, perceived in the ears or «inside the head», uni- or bilateral with variable frequency and volume. In this study, tinnitus was considered in the context of non-delusional hypochondria, presented with disorders of the coenesthesiopathic spectrum and personality disorders. Syndrome-based approach divides these disorders as neurotic, overvalued, circumscripta, and senestopathic hypochondria. Based on the syndromal features of hypochondriacal symptoms, the overall sample of patients was divided into three groups: Group 1 with overvalued hypochondria and tinnitus; Group 2 with neurotic hypochondria and tinnitus; and Group 3 with senestopathic hypochondria and tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Idiopathic tinnitus, considered a sensory acoustic phenomenon, can present with multiple phenomenological variations and be a part of psychopathological symptoms related to various nosological categories: overvalued, neurotic, or senestopathic hypochondria syndromes within hypochondriacal disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, dysthymia, or schizotypal disorder/schizophrenia according to ICD-10.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 3","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Therapy prospects for post-stroke aphasia].","authors":"A N Bogolepova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612604286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202612604286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke remains a leading cause of disability worldwide. Cognitive impairment is a major consequence, with post-stroke aphasia developing in approximately 30% of patients after a first stroke. Speech impairments substantially reduce quality of life, complicate rehabilitation, and hinder reintegration into daily activities. Patients with aphasia exhibit greater cognitive deficits and an increased risk of vascular dementia, regardless of stroke type. Speech therapy is a primary treatment modality. Neuroplasticity is central to post-stroke recovery, and agents that stimulate neuroplasticity represent a promising therapeutic direction. Cerebrolysin, a pleiotropic drug composed of peptides with neurotrophic properties and free amino acids, can activate neuroplasticity. Recent findings from the Efficacy and Safety of Cerebrolysin in the Treatment of Aphasia After Acute Ischemic Stroke study (ESCAS) demonstrate that combined speech therapy and Cerebrolysin use accelerates recovery of speech functions, suggesting its value as an adjunct in stroke rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 4. Vyp. 2","pages":"86-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Herpes infection and primary cerebral vasculitis].","authors":"L A Kalashnikova, A A Shabalina, M V Dreval, S A Zacharchuk, L A Dobrynina","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612602139","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612602139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the presence of antibodies to herpes viruses (<i>Varicella zoster virus</i> [VZV], herpes simplex virus types I and II, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus) and their DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with a history of ischemic stroke (IS) and/or transient cerebrovascular accident (TIA) caused by primary cerebral vasculitis (PCV); to evaluate their clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Thirty-one patients (mean age 41.2±8.7 years, 18 males, 58%) with PCV and a history of IS and/or transient cerebrovascular accidents (TIA), which in 94% occurred in the internal carotid artery (ICA) system, were examined. Antibodies were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunochemiluminescence, and herpesvirus DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increase in immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to the VZV virus (anti-VZV IgG antibodies) was detected in 10 (32%) of 31 patients in the CSF; one of them also had Ig antibodies to the herpes simplex virus. There were statistically significant differences between patients with and without anti-VZV IgG antibodies regarding the frequency of convulsive disorder (40% vs. 0%, respectively, <i>p=</i>0.0023<b>)</b>, TIA <b>(</b>60% vs. 90%, respectively, <i>p=</i>0.0483), the insidious onset of stroke symptoms (over several hours to 2-3 days) <b>(</b>30% vs. 0%, respectively, <i>p=</i>0.0092) and the increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] <b>(</b>0% vs. 33%, respectively, <i>p=</i>0.0412).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An increase in anti-VZV IgG antibodies in CSF in 32% of patients suggests VZV activation in the trigeminal ganglion and its transaxonal spread along the branches of the trigeminal nerve into the walls of the ICA and the middle and anterior cerebral arteries, where VZV causes inflammation. It explains the most common lesion of the ICA system (94%), its locality, and the absence of systemic inflammatory signs. In patients without anti-VZV IgG antibodies, it is assumed that PCV is caused by other neurotropic pathogens that can affect hemostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 2","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Efficacy of Abobotulinumtoxin A (Dysport) in stump preparation for prosthetic fitting in patients with combat-related limb amputations].","authors":"T V Kuznetsova, O O Ziteva, E B Shakhunova, Yu N Ponomarenko, M E Kasatkina","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612602177","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612602177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of abobotulinumtoxinA in stump preparation for prosthetic fitting in patients with limb amputations.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This prospective open-label study included 88 male patients over 18 years old with lower limb amputations due to mine-blast trauma and phantom limb pain syndrome (PLP) with pain intensity of at least 5 points on the visual analogue scale (VAS), absence of significant effect from pharmacological therapy, stump tenderness, and preserved active movements in the transected muscles. AbobotulinumtoxinA at doses of 500-800 U was used to reduce PLP severity. Examination of all patients included collection of complaints and medical history, neurological examination (including manual muscle testing and muscle tone assessment), pain assessment by VAS, psycho-emotional status assessment using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), neuropathic pain assessment using the DN4 questionnaire, and stump ultrasound to assess muscle functional status (presence or absence of movements). The total observation period was 21 days. Seven patients with preserved muscles were additionally examined 3 months after botulinum toxin injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline VAS pain score was 5.8±0.4 points. Clinically significant anxiety according to HADS was present in 86 patients. The mean anxiety score before botulinum toxin injection in the group was 9.1±1.2 points. Depression scores on the HADS were subclinical in all patients, with a mean of 5.3±1.6 points. The mean DN4 neuropathic pain score was 5.9±0.5 points. Pain intensity decreased in all patients, reaching a mean of 3.7±0.5 points on VAS by day 7 after botulinum toxin therapy (<i>p</i><0.05). By day 14, pain syndrome was completely resolved in all patients. The mean DN4 score was 5.1±0.4 points on day 7 and 2.6±0.9 points on day 14 after injection (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early botulinum toxin therapy enables rapid stump preparation for prosthesis fitting, resolves pain syndrome and accelerates patient rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 2","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Features of post-stroke speech disorders and the prospects of mirror therapy in the recovery of patients].","authors":"E V Isakova, S V Kotov, E S Guts","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612601131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202612601131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review describes the features of post-stroke speech disorders, including epidemiological data on their prevalence, spectrum, and characteristics of their various types. The prospects of using mirror therapy for stroke patients as an affordable, simple, safe, inexpensive method are discussed, which is a relatively new direction in the treatment of aphasia. Also, the literature review focuses on various mechanisms underlying a positive therapeutic effect, including the activation of mirror neurons during the performance of specific actions or the observation of hand and facial movements, and the activation of the tongue. Based on the neuroimaging results, we assessed the effectiveness of simultaneous recovery of hand motor function and speech through mirror therapy with visual biofeedback in the rehabilitation of patients with post-stroke speech disorders. The results of numerous clinical studies, meta-analyses, and case reports confirming the effectiveness of mirror therapy for speech disorders after a stroke are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Guidelines for clinical electroencephalography: Russian professional community development and consensus building].","authors":"M V Sinkin, T A Aleksandrova, E A Baranova, A I Belyakova-Bodina, E P Bogdanova, Z K Gorchkhanova, O V Grebennikova, D V Drozdov, O D Elshina, I D Lemeshko, A J Smirnova, A S Smychkov, T R Tomenko, A A Troitskiy, I V Okuneva, A A Sharkov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro20261260225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20261260225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical guidelines based on scientific data are mandatory for clinical practice. However, they only indicate the necessity of diagnostic tests and do not describe how to perform them. Additional methodological documents are therefore necessary to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic processes. The Association of Clinical Neurophysiology Specialists (ASCLIN), in collaboration with the Russian Association of Functional Diagnostics Physicians (RASFD), the All-Russian Society of Neurologists, and the Russian Anti-Epilepsy League (RAEL), has developed methodological guidelines for EEG and EEG with stress tests. Since this term, used in the nomenclature of medical services, is not used in practice, the recommendations use the synonym «functional tests» as the most common and understandable for personnel conducting EEG, corresponding to the English terms 'activating' and «modulating procedures.» The level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system; more than 6000 functional diagnostics physicians and neurologists participated in the public discussion. Twenty-two recommendations were formulated, three of which are level B2 and eight of which are level C5. The document includes practical appendices with examples of standard operating procedures, a protocol for examinations during attacks, and illustrations of typical artifacts. The developed methodological guidelines align with the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation's clinical recommendations ecosystem. They aim to standardize EEG procedures and improve diagnosis and treatment quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 2. Vyp. 2","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morphofunctional features of the left ventricle in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia].","authors":"I T Murkamilov, K A Aitbaev, V V Fomin, Zh A Murkamilova, Z R Rayimzhanov, A F Yusupov, Z F Yusupova, T F Yusupova, F A Yusupov, K A Gassanov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612603212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202612603212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the features of left ventricle (LV) structural adjustment and comorbidity in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) based on gender.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 316 patients diagnosed with chronic cerebral ischemia with a mean age of 61.9 years (range 36 to 86 years). All patients underwent a general clinical examination, assessment of echocardiography parameters, and measurement of the thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media complex (IMC). The patients were divided into two groups based on gender: Group I included males (<i>n</i>=170), and Group II included females (<i>n</i>=146).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In males with CCI, the CCA IMC thickness (1.23±0.14 mm vs 1.16±0.11 mm, <i>p</i><0.05) and the prevalence of atherosclerotic changes (57.6% vs 34.9%, <i>p</i><0.05) were significantly higher than in females. Normal LV geometry was reported in 59.4% of males and only in 37.0% of females (<i>p</i><0.05). The frequency of concentric LV remodeling was 8.8% in males and 6.2% in females. LV hypertrophy (LVH) was detected in 31.8% of males and 56.8% of females (<i>p</i><0.05). The concentric type of LVH was more common in males (68.5%), whereas the eccentric type prevailed in females (74.7%). A statistically significant correlation of CCA IMC thickness with age (<i>r</i>=0.234), systolic (<i>r</i>=0.209) and diastolic blood pressure (<i>r</i>=0.151), hemoglobin concentration (<i>r</i>=-0.245), end-systolic LV size (<i>r</i>=0.125), end-systolic (<i>r</i>=0.151) and end-diastolic (<i>r</i>=0.135) LV volumes, as well as LV myocardial mass index (<i>r</i>=0.132) in the total sample was found. In the male group, CCA IMC thickness correlated with body mass index (<i>r</i>=0.291) and diastolic blood pressure (<i>r</i>=0.210). In the female group, strong correlations were found with hemoglobin concentration (<i>r</i>=-0.732) and end-systolic LV volume (<i>r</i>=0.176).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with CCI, the most common morphofunctional LV changes were concentric LVH in males and eccentric LVH in females.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 3. Vyp. 2","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Drop attacks: diagnostic crossovers and rare causes].","authors":"E G Mendelevich, E I Bogdanov, T A Mikhailova, A G Akhunova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2026126031174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2026126031174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drop attacks are a well-known term for sudden falls without loss of consciousness. In recent years, this term has been used extensively to describe paroxysms caused by various factors, with or without loss of consciousness, which largely overlap with other conditions characterized by transient loss of consciousness. The article presents a modern view of the etiological spectrum of drop attacks. A clinical case is also presented, in which analysis of the causes of multiple, recurrent paroxysms established a rare etiology for drop attacks: a Chiari malformation type 1. The features of diagnosing drop attacks in Chiari malformation type 1 are discussed, and the differential diagnosis of these conditions is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 3","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Migraine: issues of pathogenesis and drug therapy].","authors":"T S Ganshina, A V Gnezdilova, S A Litvinova, T A Voronina","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612601145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202612601145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review discusses the relationship between the mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis, namely, cortical spreading depression, changes in cerebral circulation during a migraine attack and with cortical spreading depression, and the role of serotonin and the calcitonin gene-related peptide in regulating cerebral vessels and their involvement in the emergence of a migraine attack. Drugs used for the treatment and prevention of migraine, as well as new compounds being developed for the treatment and prevention of migraine attacks, are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Problematic internet use by children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].","authors":"L S Chutko, E A Yakovenko, S Yu Surushkina, M D Didur, D V Cherednichenko, L V Scheglova, I B Sosnina, E V Snegova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612601169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202612601169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and psychophysiological characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by «problematic internet use» (PIU).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study group included 43 children aged 12-14 years with the most common combined type of ADHD and comorbid manifestations of PUI. The comparison group included 40 children aged 12-14 years with combined ADHD without signs of PUI. The control group consisted of 30 children aged 12-14 years without neuropsychiatric disorders. The following research methods were used in the study: the SNAP-IY questionnaire for quantitative assessment of ADHD manifestations, the CIAS scale for quantitative assessment of signs of tendency toward internet-addicted behavior, the CMAS (Comprehensive Anxiety Scale), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the TOVA (Test of Variables of Attention) for assessing attention and impulsivity in relation to age-specific norms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study results showed that children with combined ADHD and PII had higher scores on inattention and impulsivity compared to children with isolated ADHD. Furthermore, children with combined ADHD and PUI were characterized by higher levels of anxiety and more pronounced social difficulties compared to children with isolated ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, more pronounced executive function impairments can be noted in the group of children with combined disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 1","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}