Nanobiomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Multiple Sclerosis and the LIF/IL-6 Axis: Use of Nanotechnology to Harness the Tolerogenic and Reparative Properties of LIF.","authors":"Su M Metcalfe,&nbsp;Terry B Strom,&nbsp;Anna Williams,&nbsp;Tarek M Fahmy","doi":"10.5772/60622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/60622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays a critical role in \"stemness\" versus \"differentiation\", a property that underpins the core value of LIF as a therapeutic for both the treatment of autoimmune disease and for promoting tissue repair. This value can be realized using nano-engineering technology, where a new generation of tools can, with unprecedented ability, manipulate biological functions. One striking example is the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The underpinning biology is the newly identified LIF/IL-6 axis in T lymphocytes, which can tilt the behaviour between immune tolerance versus immune attack. This LIF/IL-6 axis is ideally suited to nanotherapeutic manipulation, given its inherent mechanistic simplicity of two mutually opposing feed-forward loops that determine either tolerogenic (LIF) or inflammatory (IL-6) immunity. Using LIF that is formulated in biodegradable nanoparticles (LIF-NP) and targeted to CD4+ T cells, the axis is harnessed towards immune tolerance. This has implications for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, where the clinical burden is immense. It encompasses more than 100 diseases and, in the USA alone, costs more than $100 billion in direct health care costs annually. Other properties of LIF include the promotion of healthy neuro-glial interactions within the central nervous system (CNS), where, in addition to MS, LIF-NP therapy is relevant to inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases that represent a large and increasing need within aging populations. Thirdly, LIF is a reparative growth factor that can maintain genomic plasticity. LIF-NP supports the use of stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine plus augment therapeutic benefits within the patient. These core properties of LIF are greatly amplified in value by the advantage of being formulated as nanoparticles, namely (i) targeted delivery, (ii) exploitation of endogenous regulatory pathways and (iii) creation of surrogate micro-stromal niches. We discuss LIF-NP as a means to harness endogenous pathways for the treatment of MS, both to reset immune self-tolerance and to promote repair of myelin that is required to support health within the nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/60622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36257592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Growth Parameters on the Formation of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Nanostructures and Their Cell Viability Studies.","authors":"Murugesan Manoj,&nbsp;Ramesh Subbiah,&nbsp;Devanesan Mangalaraj,&nbsp;Nagamony Ponpandian,&nbsp;Chinnuswamy Viswanathan,&nbsp;Kwideok Park","doi":"10.5772/60116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/60116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphology controlled hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanostructures play a vital role in biomedical engineering, tissue regenerative medicine, biosensors, chemotherapeutic applications, environmental remediation, etc. The present work investigates the influence of temperature, pH and time on the growth of HAp nanostructures using a simple, cost effective and surfactant free chemical approach. The obtained HAp nanostructures were systematically investigated by analytical techniques such as XRD, FESEM, EDX, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed that the hexagonal structure of the hydroxyapatite and average crystallite size was estimated from this analysis. The electron microscopic analysis confirmed the different morphologies obtained by varying the synthesis parameters such as temperature, pH and time. The elemental composition was determined through EDS analysis. FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups and the purity and crystallinity of the samples. The biocompatibility and adhesion nature of samples was examined with mouse preosteoblast cells. The obtained results demonstrated good biocompatibility and excellent focal adhesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/60116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36257131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELISA-like Analysis of Cisplatinated DNA Using Magnetic Separation.","authors":"Kristyna Smerkova,&nbsp;Marcela Vlcnovska,&nbsp;Simona Dostalova,&nbsp;Vedran Milosavljevic,&nbsp;Pavel Kopel,&nbsp;Tomas Vaculovic,&nbsp;Sona Krizkova,&nbsp;Marketa Vaculovicova,&nbsp;Vojtech Adam,&nbsp;Rene Kizek","doi":"10.5772/61699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/61699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin belongs to the most widely used cytostatic drugs. The determination of the presence of the DNA-cisplatin adducts may not only signal the guanine-rich regions but also monitor the interaction reaction between DNA and the drug in terms of speed of interaction. In this work, the combined advantages of magnetic particles-based isolation/purification with fluorescent properties of quantum dots (QDs) and antibodies targeted on specific recognition of DNA-cisplatin adducts are demonstrated. The formation of a complex between magnetic particles with surface modified by anti-dsDNA antibody, cisplatin-modified DNA and QDs labelled anti-cisplatin-modified DNA antibody was suggested and optimized.</p>","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/61699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36257596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Microfluidic Platform Containing Sidewall Microgrooves for Cell Positioning and Trapping.","authors":"Masoud Khabiry,&nbsp;Nader Jalili","doi":"10.5772/60562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/60562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microfluidic channels enable the control of cell positioning and the capturing of cells for high-throughput screening and other cellular applications. In this paper, a simple microfluidic platform is proposed for capturing small volumes of cells using sidewall microgrooves. The cell docking patterns in the channels containing sidewall microgroove are also studied. Both numerical and experimental investigations are performed within channels containing sidewall microgrooves of three different widths (i.e., 50, 100 and 200 μm). It is observed that channels containing sidewall microgrooves play an important role in regulating cell positioning and patterning. The obtained results revealed that 10 to 14 cells were positioned inside the sidewall channels of 200 μm width, two to five cells were positioned within the channels of 100 μm width, and one to two individual cells were docked within the sidewall channel of 50 μm width. Particle modelling shows the prediction of cell positioning within sidewall microgrooves. The positions of cells docked within microgroove-containing channels were also quantified. Furthermore, the shear stress variation and cell positioning in the sidewall microgrooves were correlated. Therefore, these sidewall microgroove-containing channels could be potentially useful for regulating cell positioning and patterning on two-dimensional surfaces, three-dimensional microenvironments and high-throughput screening. Cell patterning and positioning are of great importance in many biological applications, such as drug screening and cell-based biosensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/60562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36257132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-Rate Dependence of Elastic Modulus Reveals Silver Nanoparticle Induced Cytotoxicity","authors":"M. Caporizzo, Charles M. Roco, M. C. C. Ferrer, Martha E. Grady, Emmabeth Parrish, D. Eckmann, R. Composto","doi":"10.5772/61328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/61328","url":null,"abstract":"Force-displacement measurements are taken at different rates with an atomic force microscope to assess the correlation between cell health and cell viscoelasticity in THP-1 cells that have been treated with a novel drug carrier. A variable indentation-rate viscoelastic analysis, VIVA, is employed to identify the relaxation time of the cells that are known to exhibit a frequency dependent stiffness. The VIVA agrees with a fluorescent viability assay. This indicates that dextran-lysozyme drug carriers are biocompatible and deliver concentrated toxic material (rhodamine or silver nanoparticles) to the cytoplasm of THP-1 cells. By modelling the frequency dependence of the elastic modulus, the VIVA provides three metrics of cytoplasmic viscoelasticity: a low frequency modulus, a high frequency modulus and viscosity. The signature of cytotoxicity by rhodamine or silver exposure is a frequency independent twofold increase in the elastic modulus and cytoplasmic viscosity, while the cytoskeletal relaxation time remains unchanged. This is consistent with the known toxic mechanism of silver nanoparticles, where metabolic stress causes an increase in the rigidity of the cytoplasm. A variable indentation-rate viscoelastic analysis is presented as a straightforward method to promote the self-consistent comparison between cells. This is paramount to the development of early diagnosis and treatment of disease.","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/61328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70986810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Strategies and Applications of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly.","authors":"Deepak Rawtani,&nbsp;Yadvendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.5772/60009","DOIUrl":"10.5772/60009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Layer-by-layer self-assembly is an approach to develop an ultrathin film on solid support by alternate exposure to positive and negative species with spontaneous deposition of the oppositely charged ions. This paper summarizes various approaches used for fabrication of layer-by-layer self-assembly as well as their utility to produce various devices. The layer-by-layer technique is basically used for formation of multilayer films. A variety of nanomaterials use it for the modification of films to enhance their resultant durability as well as strength. Studies have shown that many different types of materials can be used for fabrication of multilayers. Recently the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique has also been used for fabrication of gas sensors, hydrogen sensors and solar-based cells. Various methods, such as spin deposition, calcinations, and dry-transfer printing are being used for fabrication of thin films. In this review, the author summarizes the various interesting properties as well as fabrication strategies of layer-by-layer self-assembly.</p>","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"1 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/60009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36325649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein-Polymer Matrix Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles.","authors":"Swati Mishra, Suprabha Nayar","doi":"10.5772/59297","DOIUrl":"10.5772/59297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles were synthesized in the protein-polymer matrices of two different ratios to obtain a stringent control over the morphology. UV-visible spectrophotometry showed a single plasmon resonance peak at 416nm and 418nm respectively, confirming the formation of silver nanoparticles. X-ray diffractometry confirmed that the peaks matched with that of the reference silver. Both confocal microscopy and FEG-SEM confirmed the uniform morphology of the synthesized particles dependent on the template ratio. Doubling the protein-polymer concentration results in greater stability, more nucleation sites and hence restricted growth. Photoluminescence of the sample in the doubled matrix was found to be much greater at any given wavelength, meaning the flexibility and rigidity of interacting molecules affects the luminescence signal. The interaction in turn is dependent on the proximity of the proteins and polymer in the dispersion that forms a template and dictates the synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"1 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6029234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36326137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Seed Growth of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Benzyl Alcohol - Optimization for Heating and Broad Stability in Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Stanley E Gilliland,&nbsp;Everett E Carpenter,&nbsp;Michael D Shultz","doi":"10.5772/60035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/60035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron oxide nanoparticles have received sustained interest for biomedical applications as synthetic approaches are continually developed for control of nanoparticle properties. However, many approaches focus solely on the material, rather than the complete optimization of synthesis and functionalization together to enhance translation into biological systems. Presented herein is a modified seed growth method designed for obtaining optimal nanoparticle properties and ease of surface functionalization for long term stability. With a one or two addition process, iron oxide nanoparticles were produced in crystallite sizes ranging from 5-15 nm using only benzyl alcohol and an iron precursor. In the functionalization process, concentration variations were required for stabilizing different nanoparticle sizes. Radio frequency induction heating experiments of various crystallite and hydrodynamic sizes verified that the heating efficiency greatly increased while approaching the 15 nm crystallite, and suggested an important role of the overall particle size on heating efficiency. Initial <i>in vitro</i> experiments with the functionalized nanoparticles showed success in providing hyperthermia-induced tumour cell killing without an increase in the temperature of the cell suspension medium. This demonstrates the potential for nanoparticle-based hyperthermia to provide a therapeutic effect while limiting normal tissue damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"1 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/60035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36325650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Markus Dettenhofer,&nbsp;Winston Patrick Kuo","doi":"10.5772/58757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/58757","url":null,"abstract":"The journal will cover a broad range of topics, and at times selected themes, from translational and clinical applications that address the challenges and advances in diagnostics, to the delivery of therapeutics, to the monitoring of human diseases both in academia and industry. The fields that interface with nanotechnology and biomedical research include, but are not limited to, bioengineering, biophysics, biochemistry, physiology, pathology, nanotechnological applications in diagnostics, therapeutic application, vaccines, drug discovery/delivery and regenerative medicine.","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"1 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/58757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36326135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Silver Nanoparticles on Haemolysis, Platelet Function and Coagulation.","authors":"Julie Laloy,&nbsp;Valentine Minet,&nbsp;Lutfiye Alpan,&nbsp;François Mullier,&nbsp;Sonja Beken,&nbsp;Olivier Toussaint,&nbsp;Stéphane Lucas,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Dogné","doi":"10.5772/59346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/59346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are increasingly used in biomedical applications because of their large antimicrobial spectrum. Data in the literature on the ability of Ag NPs to perform their desired function without eliciting undesirable effects on blood elements are very limited and contradictory. We studied the impact of Ag NPs on erythrocyte integrity, platelet function and blood coagulation. Erythrocyte integrity was assessed by spectrophotometric measurement of haemoglobin release. Platelet adhesion and aggregation was determined by light transmission aggregometry and scanning electron microscopy. The calibrated thrombin generation test was used to study the impact on coagulation cascade. We demonstrated that Ag NPs induced haemolysis. They also increase platelet adhesion without having any impact on platelet aggregation. Finally, they also had procoagulant potential. Bringing all data from these tests together, the no observed effect concentration is 5 μg/mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":56366,"journal":{"name":"Nanobiomedicine","volume":"1 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/59346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36326139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}