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Theorizing social movements against the Indian state’s developmental paradigm: A comparative study of the Kovvada and Sompeta movements 理论化社会运动与印度国家的发展范式:科瓦达运动与松佩塔运动的比较研究
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2201539
K. Varigonda
{"title":"Theorizing social movements against the Indian state’s developmental paradigm: A comparative study of the Kovvada and Sompeta movements","authors":"K. Varigonda","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2201539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2201539","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper studies the impact of social movements on the Indian state’s developmental paradigm. Adopting from Varigonda’s (2020) framework, the paper argues that the impact of social movements on state policy and its implementation is primarily determined by three key factors: the collective action repertoires of social movements; the politicization of the Indian state’s developmental paradigm; and the openness of state input structures. This framework is tested through a comparative study of two movements that have emerged against two examples of the Indian state’s developmental paradigm: a proposed nuclear plant at Kovvada and a proposed thermal plant at Sompeta, both in Andhra Pradesh. The Sompeta agitation was successful in impeding the thermal plant’s inception while the movement in Kovvada eventually petered out. The paper demonstrates how the variation in the impact of the two movements can be attributed to the social movement in Sompeta benefitting from stronger collective action repertoires; greater politicization of the state’s developmental paradigm; and more open state input structures, vis-à-vis the movement in Kovvada.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"282 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47138781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
With a little help from China: the Trump administration and the reinvigoration of the Quad 在中国的一点帮助下:特朗普政府和四方会谈的振兴
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2180919
A. Mukherjee
{"title":"With a little help from China: the Trump administration and the reinvigoration of the Quad","authors":"A. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2180919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2180919","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the reasons underlying the re-emergence of the Quad in 2017 and the areas of convergence and divergence between U.S. and Indian views of it especially during the Trump administration. While doing so, it makes the following arguments. First, the current iteration of the Quad emerged because of changing threat perception regarding China among all four Quad countries. Second, President Trump’s hard line, bordering on adversarial, position vis-à-vis China was positively received by other members of the Quad and encouraged them to shed their inhibitions. In addition, Trump’s delegative style of leadership on the Quad allowed senior and mid-level officials to creatively engage with the other powers. Third, all this notwithstanding, there were still significant divergences, stemming from strategic and diplomatic worldviews, between the perspectives of the Quad countries on the future direction and purpose of the grouping. Put another way, the Quad will always be a work in progress because of the divergences between its member states and its inherently flexible design. The article concludes by analysing the prospects for the Quad.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"207 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44871918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Navigating the Af-Pak arena: India-US relations under the Trump administration 在阿富汗-巴基斯坦舞台上航行:特朗普政府下的印美关系
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2180921
S. Bhatnagar
{"title":"Navigating the Af-Pak arena: India-US relations under the Trump administration","authors":"S. Bhatnagar","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2180921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2180921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The gradual elevation of India-US relations over the past few decades highlights a significant convergence of interests, a similarity in dominant political discourse and a converging geopolitical environment that has aided this elevation. This article explores engagements between India and the US within the Af-Pak arena, reflected in policy discourse and public pronouncements in both countries. It does so through a critical discourse analysis and examination of personal, national interest, and broader structural calculations that have driven Indian and American policy engagement reflected in their policy positions with regards to Afghanistan and Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"184 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46837327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic nationalism and India-US trade relations during the Modi-Trump years 莫迪-特朗普时期的经济民族主义和印美贸易关系
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2180912
Surupa Gupta
{"title":"Economic nationalism and India-US trade relations during the Modi-Trump years","authors":"Surupa Gupta","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2180912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2180912","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While India and the United States’ relations on the strategic and political fronts improved during 2017–2020, trade relations between the two countries noticeably worsened. Ever since their relations began to improve in the 1990s, deep divisions have existed between the two on trade issues such as market access in goods and services, intellectual property rights, and industrial policy. Given the focus on their strategic relations, successive administrations sought to manage these economic differences without public escalation of conflicts. The Trump administration’s approach deviated from this practice. While it continued to use the multilateral trading system to resolve some conflicts, it also resorted to using public shaming, tariff escalations and withdrawal of concessions in its relations with India. Although the Modi administration’s trade policy was similarly nationalist, its response to US actions were cautious. Evidence from the Modi-Trump period (2017–2020) shows that while both nationalist leaders pursued protectionist policies, the power capabilities of the states they led and the level of mutual economic dependence shaped their actions, their choice of instruments, and their ability to compel change in the other’s policies.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"128 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42056155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
US retreat, Indian reform: multilateralism under Trump and Modi 美国撤退,印度改革:特朗普和莫迪领导下的多边主义
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2180914
Kate Sullivan de Estrada
{"title":"US retreat, Indian reform: multilateralism under Trump and Modi","authors":"Kate Sullivan de Estrada","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2180914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2180914","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT From early 2017 to early 2021, Donald J. Trump’s disengagement of the United States from international institutions, later amplified by the pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic, produced a weakening of multilateralism at the global level. The overlapping leadership of Narendra Modi diverged on the issue of multilateralism, producing a dynamic of US retreat and redoubled Indian efforts at reform. Despite their common recourse to populism in their respective countries, the United States and India present disparate cases of how populist leaders engage with multilateralism. Trump prioritized national sovereignty and framed international institutions as an imposition on US freedoms, while Modi envisioned international institutions as an avenue through which to remake multilateralism, elevate India’s reputation, and reap domestic political dividends. Trump’s protectionist and inward-looking policy narratives appealed to communities disadvantaged materially and socially by hyperglobalisation and financial crisis, while Modi’s efforts at elevating India’s profile and engagement in multilateral forums resonated with long-standing elite desires for India to enact leadership in global governance. They drew popular support, too. Finally, China’s rising global influence encouraged India to increase its own influence within existing multilateral institutions and develop new avenues of multilateral action, while Trump’s nationalist response was to turn away, and inward.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"139 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45117819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
No climate for cooperation: India-US climate relations during the Trump years 没有合作的氛围:特朗普时期的印美气候关系
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2180918
V. Jha
{"title":"No climate for cooperation: India-US climate relations during the Trump years","authors":"V. Jha","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2180918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2180918","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the start of multilateral climate negotiations, India and the US have been on opposite sides of the aisle on the issue of responsibility for climate action. Following years of intense scrutiny, India found points of convergence with the US and worked closely with the Obama administration to help secure a global deal at the 2015 Paris Climate Conference. The Trump era, however, marked a period of stark divergence between India and the US on the issue of climate change. The US’ climate inaction at the multilateral level under the Trump administration was met with India’s proactive global leadership in the fight against climate change. At the same time, the bilateral relationship saw greater convergence on the issue of energy trade, particularly conventional sources of energy such as coal, oil and gas. This essay analyzes India-US climate relations during the Trump years and argues that the personal views of the political leadership and domestic interest groups affected the nature of this relationship, which is best described as divergence on climate change but convergence on energy security.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"150 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44746038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
India-US-Russia dynamics in the Trump era 特朗普时代的印度-美俄动态
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2180920
R. Verma
{"title":"India-US-Russia dynamics in the Trump era","authors":"R. Verma","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2180920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2180920","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Out of more than thirty strategic partnerships signed by India, its ties with the US and Russia are crucial for achieving economic and strategic objectives in the Indo-Pacific and the Eurasian region respectively. There was a growing convergence on bilateral, regional, and global issues with the US during Trump years, but there was divergence between the two countries on Russia. While Washington perceived Russia as a competitor and interfering in the domestic affairs of the US, Moscow on the other hand perceived the US as attempting to not only expand its influence in Russia’s backyard but also undermining Russia’s leadership and its political system. The relationship was also adversarial because the Sino-American escalation coincided with an increasing Russia-China bonhomie. Russia remained a valuable partner for India and India hoped for improved US-Russia ties under Trump. However, adversarial US-Russia ties cast a dark shadow on India-Russia ties. The US complained and was even contemplating sanctions on India for its purchase of S400 air defense systems from Russia. India’s reliance on Russian defence equipment and its policy of multi-alignment further increased tensions between India and the US although India-US strategic alignment has increased under Trump.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"172 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49258120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Navigating “maximum pressure”: the India-Iran-US relationship under the Trump presidency 驾驭“最大压力”:特朗普总统任期内的印伊美关系
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2180916
Vinay Kaura
{"title":"Navigating “maximum pressure”: the India-Iran-US relationship under the Trump presidency","authors":"Vinay Kaura","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2180916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2180916","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article highlights the convergence and divergence between US and India regarding Iran during the Trump administration and makes the following arguments. First, as Trump’s hard line on Iran was viewed negatively by India, New Delhi took measures to assert its longheld tradition of “strategic autonomy” in foreign policy which could not be ignored by the U.S. establishment despite Trump’s personal choices. Second, as Iran responded to the Trump’s hardening policies by gravitating toward China, the Trump administration became slightly more sensitive toward the complexities of IranChina bonhomie for Indian diplomacy. Third, although India was forced to cut back on importing Iranian oil due to sanctions in mid-2019, American officials began to view India-Iran-Afghanistan collaboration on the Chabahar port project as an opportunity to boost the Afghan economy, and exempted the project from sanctions. The article concludes that despite strong divergences on Iran, the Trump administration came to pursue a combination of pressure and engagement with India to reduce divergence on Iran.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"196 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49527579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Separately together: Indian and American approaches to China during the Trump era 分开来看:特朗普时代印度和美国对中国的态度
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2180913
D. Ollapally, R. Verma
{"title":"Separately together: Indian and American approaches to China during the Trump era","authors":"D. Ollapally, R. Verma","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2180913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2180913","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article highlights the convergence and divergence between India and the US pertaining to China under the Trump administration. Given Trump’s forceful personality and apparent chemistry with Modi, it is tempting to attribute bilateral relations to individual leaders. However, systemic pressures due to shared concerns over China’s rise and aggressive behavior played a significant role in keeping relations on track and ultimately deepening them. This led to increasing Indo-US cooperation in the Quad especially after the Galwan Valley cash in June 2020 although India initially feared entrapment. While there was convergence on the broad contours of the threat of a Sino-centric Asia, coming to agreement on specific strategies to prevent it faced its share of challenges with Trump wanting New Delhi to do more to counter China and do it faster. There was also divergence related to India’s continuing attachment to strategic autonomy underwritten by a multipolar world order, and Indian and American definitions of the boundaries of the Indo-Pacific and how the priority areas of each differed.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"161 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49150149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Trump, Modi, and the illiberal consensus 特朗普、莫迪和非自由主义共识
IF 0.8 3区 社会学
India Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2023.2180915
Vibhav M., Irfan Nooruddin
{"title":"Trump, Modi, and the illiberal consensus","authors":"Vibhav M., Irfan Nooruddin","doi":"10.1080/14736489.2023.2180915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2023.2180915","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT President Trump and Prime Minister Modi often invoked their two nation’s claims as “oldest and largest” democracies to trumpet the naturalness of the US-India alliance. Shared democratic values was the glue that supposedly bound the two countries together. This contribution argues that the cynical and opportunistic invocation of democratic values by both governments damaged the cause of democracy globally. Both have attacked the independence of the press, civil society, and judiciary; and democratic backsliding and religious intolerance has worsened in both countries. The legitimacy of America’s democratic credentials, already battered by Trump, is irreparably tainted by its embrace of Modi’s India. The victim of this illiberal consensus is democracy internationally.","PeriodicalId":56338,"journal":{"name":"India Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"118 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46527440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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