Breast Journal最新文献

{"title":"Akkermansia muciniphila-Driven ceRNA Networks Regulate Immune Modulation and Breast Cancer Progression.","authors":"Uma Chaudhary, Arya A S, Mythili A","doi":"10.1155/tbj/1416629","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/1416629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microbiota-derived metabolites are increasingly recognized as modulators of systemic immunity and cancer biology. This study investigates how a structurally distinct lipid from Akkermansia muciniphila influences immune transcriptional programs and their connection to breast cancer (BRCA)-associated pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Donor-adjusted reanalysis of PBMC RNA-seq data was performed to identify lipid-responsive transcriptional changes while minimizing interindividual variability. Differential expression was assessed across time points, followed by pathway enrichment and immune gene filtering. Immune cell composition was inferred using deconvolution analysis. Integration with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-BRCA datasets enabled tumor immune infiltration profiling and network-based identification of hub genes. ceRNA interactions were refined using correlation-supported datasets and prognostic relevance was evaluated in TCGA and METABRIC cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transcriptional variation was primarily driven by the treatment and exposure duration rather than donor effects. A biphasic immune response (IR) was observed, with early suppression followed by progressive activation. Lipid-responsive genes significantly overlapped with BRCA immune signatures and were enriched in metabolic and stress-related pathways. Immune deconvolution revealed shifts in macrophage polarization and cytotoxic cell populations. Network analysis identified key regulators, including ADIPOR1, KLF4, MYC, CXCL10, and ALDH1A1, linked to distinct immune infiltration patterns. ceRNA networks highlighted oncogenic and tumor-suppressive miRNA interactions. A five-gene signature demonstrated moderate prognostic value across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Microbial lipid signaling induces dynamic immune reprogramming that converges on tumor-relevant pathways, suggesting a systemic immune-mediated link between microbiota and BRCA progression, with potential implications for immune-targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e1416629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-Associated Adipocytes in Human Breast Cancer: An Observational Histopathological Study of Dedifferentiation and Stromal Transition.","authors":"Jun Xiao, Xiaomei Zhou, Yichen Wang, Haibin Wu, Hong Zeng, Yiping Wu","doi":"10.1155/tbj/5673713","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/5673713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adipose tissue is a major stromal component of the breast cancer (BC) tumor microenvironment (TME), playing a crucial role in BC progression. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), located at the invasive tumor front, undergo significant morphological and functional alterations. This observational case-control study investigated the dedifferentiation trajectory of CAAs and its impact on BC progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Paired tumor and distant normal adipose tissues from 20 BC patients were analyzed. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess morphological changes and marker expressions α-SMA, S100A4, and CD36 in CAAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAAs exhibited features consistent with dedifferentiation toward a myofibroblast-like phenotype, marked by expressing α-SMA and S100A4, indicators of myofibroblasts and tumor-associated fibroblasts. Metabolically, CAAs showed increased CD36 expression and histological features compatible with augmented lipolysis and were spatially associated with areas of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Masson's trichrome staining demonstrated augmented pericellular collagen deposition, accompanied by increased tissue stiffness and enhanced angiogenesis at the tumor-adipose boundary. In addition, nuclear translocation of β-catenin in peritumoral adipocytes implicates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis as a potential regulator of adipocyte-mesenchymal transition in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5673713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nerve Grafts in Breast Reconstruction: A Narrative Review","authors":"Yan Shen,&nbsp;Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Yihua Liu,&nbsp;Haifeng Cai","doi":"10.1155/tbj/1035158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbj/1035158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breast reconstruction post-mastectomy restores breast aesthetics and significantly enhances patients’ self-confidence and psychological well-being. However, despite the effectiveness of current breast reconstruction techniques in restoring the aesthetic appearance of the breast, many patients continue to experience the loss of breast sensation following surgery, particularly the loss of nipple sensitivity, which significantly impacts postoperative quality of life. To address this issue, the use of nerve grafting techniques in breast reconstruction is increasingly being recognized and explored. This review summarizes the research progress of nerve grafting in breast reconstruction, highlighting its clinical applications, technical challenges, and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbj/1035158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of Pyroptosis Markers (NLRP3, HMGB1, and Caspase-1) in the Prognosis of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Ying He,&nbsp;Qiang Liu,&nbsp;Hongwu Deng","doi":"10.1155/tbj/8821116","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/8821116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The predictive value of serum pyroptosis markers, including NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and caspase-1, in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients was investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective observational study was conducted, enrolling MBC patients who had not undergone prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Serum levels of pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, HMGB1, and caspase-1) and conventional tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, tumor size, hormone receptor status, and metastatic sites. Patients were followed up for 24 months, and overall survival (OS) was recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 122 MBC patients, categorized into the favorable and poor prognosis groups based on 24-month survival. Elevated levels of NLRP3 and HMGB1 were significantly associated with poor prognosis, whereas lower levels of caspase-1 were observed in patients with unfavorable outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that pyroptosis markers, particularly caspase-1, had significant predictive value for MBC prognosis. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with high HMGB1 levels had a shorter 24-month OS, whereas those with low caspase-1 levels also exhibited a shorter 24-month OS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified tumor diameter, Ki67, molecular subtype, number of metastatic sites per patient, and HMGB1 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in MBC patients, whereas caspase-1 was an independent protective factor against poor prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum pyroptosis markers (HMGB1 and caspase-1) were valuable prognostic indicators in MBC patients. Elevated HMGB1 levels, along with reduced caspase-1 levels, were associated with poorer outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PMAIP1 Enhances DNA Damage and Induces ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Suppress Tumorigenesis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","authors":"Fangjian Shang,&nbsp;Lei Xu,&nbsp;Hongzhi Liu,&nbsp;Xin Dong,&nbsp;Huangfei Wu,&nbsp;Liping Yin,&nbsp;Lijuan Yan,&nbsp;Yixin Qi,&nbsp;Liyan Zhao","doi":"10.1155/tbj/7056712","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/7056712","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PMAIP1 (NOXA) is a pro-apoptotic factor that is closely related to cancer development, but its role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of PMAIP1 on TNBC cell viability, apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression level of PMAIP1 in TNBC tissues and cells, and its biological role was evaluated in combination with MTT, TUNEL, comet assay, and mitochondrial function indicators (ROS, ATP, mtDNA, and JC-1).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PMAIP1 is significantly upregulated in TNBC and is negatively correlated with cell viability: Overexpression of PMAIP1 inhibits cell viability, while knockdown of PMAIP1 enhances viability. Upregulation of PMAIP1 promotes apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, induces DNA damage, elevates ROS levels, and reduces ATP, mtDNA, and JC-1 levels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction; conversely, knockdown of PMAIP1 alleviates these changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PMAIP1 exerts a tumor suppressor effect by regulating apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction, providing potential target support for the treatment of TNBC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12750317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of Cancer Recurrence Contributes Largely to Patient Anxiety and Depression and Quality of Life in a Prospective Cohort of Chinese Breast Cancer Patients for Postoperative Radiotherapy","authors":"Zhensheng Li,&nbsp;Yunjiang Liu,&nbsp;Yue Li,&nbsp;Yuguang Shang,&nbsp;Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Ji,&nbsp;Zhiping Zhao,&nbsp;Xuejuan Duan,&nbsp;Wenhui Geng,&nbsp;Junpu Yin","doi":"10.1155/tbj/5788053","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/5788053","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common among Chinese breast cancer (BC) patients following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). Understanding the prevalence and impact of FCR, particularly during the RT period, on anxiety, depression, and quality of life may inform strategies to manage patient distress.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;From July 2015 to December 2016, 486 women undergoing RT for BC at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China, were prospectively enrolled in the study. Anxiety, depression, and quality-of-life changes were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality-of-Life questionnaires (QLQ-C30, QLQ-BR23) before and after RT. FCR was assessed using a modified question from the QLQ-BR23, &lt;i&gt;“how much have you worried about tumor recurrence (over the last week),”&lt;/i&gt; which demonstrated the satisfactory construct validity and reliability in a prior pilot study. ANOVA, multivariate linear regressions, and ordinal logistic regressions were performed to evaluate odds ratio (OR) and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values. Pain and sleep disturbance were included as covariates in secondary models.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Of the 486 women enrolled, 23 (4.7%) patients declined participation. Of the 463 analyzed patients, the mean age was 47 years old. 386 patients (83.4%) elected for mastectomies. FCR levels prior to RT were reported as “&lt;i&gt;none&lt;/i&gt;” (29.4%), “&lt;i&gt;a little bit&lt;/i&gt;” (51.2%), “&lt;i&gt;some&lt;/i&gt;” (12.1%), and “&lt;i&gt;very much&lt;/i&gt;” (7.3%). Increased FCR severity was associated with elevated median anxiety score (1.5, 5.0, 7.0, 8.5) and increased rates of clinically significant anxiety (anxiety score ≥ 11; 0%, 3.4%, 12.5%, 26.5%). Similarly, median depression scores (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 6.5) rose with FCR severity, accompanied by higher prevalence of atypical depression (depression score ≥ 11; 2.2%, 3.4%, 5.4%, 17.7%) (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Compared to the reference “&lt;i&gt;none,”&lt;/i&gt; each unit increase of FCR severity was independently associated with one category (“&lt;i&gt;normal&lt;/i&gt;,” “&lt;i&gt;borderline&lt;/i&gt;,” and “&lt;i&gt;abnormal&lt;/i&gt;”) of increased anxiety with OR (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;) of 2.593 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011), 5.889 (&lt;i&gt;&lt; 0.001&lt;/i&gt;), and 14.621 (&lt;i&gt;&lt; 0.001&lt;/i&gt;) and increased depression with OR (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;) of 2.406 (&lt;i&gt;0.008&lt;/i&gt;), 3.045 (&lt;i&gt;0.009&lt;/i&gt;), and 7.210 (&lt;i&gt;&lt; 0.001&lt;/i&gt;), respectively. FCR severity was negatively associated with most quality-of-life domains (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Similar associations persisted post RT.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12723078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145829139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy in Breast Cancer: Insights From a Multicenter Italian Study","authors":"Maria Agnese Fabbri,&nbsp;Alberto Fulvi,&nbsp;Matteo Vergati,&nbsp;Giuliana D’Auria,&nbsp;Patrizia Vici,&nbsp;Lorena Filomeno,&nbsp;Teresa Arcuri,&nbsp;Antonella Palazzo,&nbsp;Fabrizio Nelli,&nbsp;Cristina Fiore,&nbsp;Ilaria Portarena,&nbsp;Pina Tiziana Falbo,&nbsp;Rosalinda Rossi,&nbsp;Daniele Alesini,&nbsp;Valentina Sini,&nbsp;Roberta Pace,&nbsp;Patrizia Frittelli,&nbsp;Domenico Cristiano Corsi,&nbsp;Lucia Palombi,&nbsp;Simona Pisegna,&nbsp;Andrea Botticelli,&nbsp;Simone Scagnoli,&nbsp;Giorgio Pistillucci,&nbsp;Erica Giordani,&nbsp;Annalisa La Cesa","doi":"10.1155/tbj/8976679","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/8976679","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer (BC), oral adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) administered for at least 5 years significantly reduces risks of disease recurrence and mortality. Among available therapies, aromatase inhibitors (AI) showed high efficacy. However, adherence to ET is very poor. Effective support by physicians requires the identification of factors influencing AI treatment adherence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective/retrospective multicentric study was conducted in adult BC women currently undergoing adjuvant treatment with AI. Study endpoints were assessed through a questionnaire after at least 12 months of adjuvant therapy. The primary objective was the assessment of the adherence to AI; secondary objectives were the assessment of adverse events (AEs) of the therapy and the solutions adopted for AEs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 903 patients with a median age of 63 years were enrolled. Two hundred and forty-three patients (26.9%) stated they do not respect the intake times. Adherence was not influenced by the number of drugs other than the ones for BC or by age. Most patients (87%) suffered from one or more AEs. The most frequent are musculoskeletal symptoms, which occurred in 86.2% of the patients. 74.5% and 74.4% of participants reported hot flashes and tiredness, respectively. No structured or uniform responses were reported regarding the strategy for solving side effects: answers were almost generic, but for more than 50% of patients, the final outcome was positive. AEs were a driver for nonadherence in only 19.6% of patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Survey results should be considered as an overview of AI therapy adherence in BC patients. We showed that the oncologist has a key role in improving therapeutic adherence and, as a consequence, in improving clinical outcome. Through a dialogue with the patient and a synergistic interaction with other clinical specialists, a greater awareness of the importance of the treatment could be warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12721728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Duct Excision Procedures in Detecting Preneoplastic and Malignant Lesions in Pathological Nipple Discharge: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Batuhan Ata,&nbsp;Volkan Karadağ,&nbsp;Kenan Çetin","doi":"10.1155/tbj/2467046","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/2467046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nipple discharge ranges from benign to pathological, indicating inflammation or epithelial proliferation. In 5%–28% of cases, pathological nipple discharge (PND) may indicate breast carcinoma. Our objective was to evaluate the detection rates of malignant and high-risk lesions (HRL) in patients undergoing major duct excision (MDE) and microductectomy for diagnostic purposes due to PND and to assess the need for re-excision in malignancies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients diagnosed with PND between October 2015 and December 2023 underwent duct excision procedures after physical, imaging, and histopathological examinations, if necessary. Patients with malignancies detected by histopathological evaluation underwent oncological procedures and were excluded from the study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 118 patients, 80 underwent microductectomy and 38 underwent MDE. Intraductal lesions (ILs) were detected in 62% of cases, with higher detection rates in the microductectomy group (69% vs. 47%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.03). Of these lesions, 23 were classified as HRL (24% in the microductectomy group vs. 11% in the MDE group, <i>p</i> = 0.09). Malignancy was detected in 16 patients (13.6%), with a higher rate in the MDE group (18% vs. 11%, <i>p</i> = 0.3). Five patients required re-excision for clear surgical margins, with no significant difference between the groups (microductectomy: <i>n</i> = 2; MDE: <i>n</i> = 3, <i>p</i> = 0.3).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The malignancy detection rate was slightly higher in the MDE group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the need for re-excision. Microductectomy, which preserves lactation function, may be preferred for premenopausal individuals or those considering future pregnancies when clinical presentation supports single-duct involvement. The differing distribution of IL and HRL between procedures reflects the pathology associated with their respective clinical indications rather than a difference in diagnostic performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12721755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and MicroRNAs Regulation in Breast Cancer","authors":"Elmira Aboutalebi Vand Beilankouhi,&nbsp;Niloufar Kheradi,&nbsp;Yosra Vaez-Gharamaleki,&nbsp;Salomeh Roshani,&nbsp;Sana Abbasi,&nbsp;Reza Safaralizadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Valilo","doi":"10.1155/tbj/8816789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbj/8816789","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) is a class of zinc-dependent enzymes that play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells and have different types. MMP-2 is one of the important enzymes of this family. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of gene expression of many enzymes and factors in the body. Emerging data have highlighted the relationship between MMP-2 and miRNAs. Studies have shown that miRNAs regulate MMP-2 by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR), which leads to a decrease or increase in MMP-2 expression and its enzymatic activity. For example, decreased expression of miR-106b leads to increased growth and invasion of breast cancer (BC) cells through increased expression of MMP-2. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms related to MMP-2 and miRNAs will provide new insights into the molecular pathways that drive BC progression and highlight potential therapeutic targets for the management of invasion and metastasis. Hence, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between MMP-2 and miRNAs in BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbj/8816789","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GSK-3β Regulates Tumor Stemness and Immune-Related Pathways in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation Study","authors":"Ling Zhou,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang,&nbsp;Huiyin Zhu,&nbsp;Yang Chen,&nbsp;Lifen Bai,&nbsp;Chunyu Hu,&nbsp;Yuhan Wang,&nbsp;Mengfan Qi,&nbsp;Lu Yin,&nbsp;Jian Sun","doi":"10.1155/tbj/5943807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbj/5943807","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the crucial roles of <i>GSK-3β</i> in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), we assume that it may also be involved in tumor stemness, immune evasion, and drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study was designed to analyze the expression and clinical significance of <i>GSK-3β</i> and investigate its association with tumor stemness–related and immune-related genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>GSK-3β</i> expression and clinical data of TNBC patients were obtained from TCGA. Survival analysis, differential gene expression, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to explore associations between <i>GSK-3β</i> and tumor stemness, immune response, and clinical outcomes in TNBC. Immune cell infiltration was assessed using xCell, and key <i>GSK-3β</i>-related proteins were validated via parallel reaction monitoring–based proteomics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>GSK-3β</i> expression was significantly upregulated in TNBC and was associated with poorer overall survival. In TNBC, 24 <i>GSK-3β</i>-associated genes linked to tumor stemness and immune response were identified, all of which were downregulated in the high <i>GSK-3β</i> expression group. Proteomic analysis further validated differential expression of key proteins, including upregulation of SERPINB2, KIT, and NOTCH1 and downregulation of DNMT1, MAPK1, and EP300 in <i>GSK-3β</i>-overexpressing cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>GSK-3β</i> overexpression was associated with poor prognosis and was found to influence tumor stemness, immune modulation, and key signaling pathways that drive tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbj/5943807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145581350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}