Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice最新文献

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Evolving progress in temporomandibular disorder education for predoctoral dental programs. 博士前牙科课程颞下颌疾病教育的发展进展。
IF 1.9 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2025.2543482
Linda Sangalli
{"title":"Evolving progress in temporomandibular disorder education for predoctoral dental programs.","authors":"Linda Sangalli","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2025.2543482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2025.2543482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowledge and attitude toward obstructive sleep apnea among senior dental students, general dental practitioners, and dental specialists in Palestinian Authority: A cross-sectional study. 巴勒斯坦权力机构高级牙科学生、普通牙科医生和牙科专家对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的知识和态度:一项横断面研究。
IF 1.9 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2025.2535922
Rola Shadid, Mohammed Jaradat
{"title":"Knowledge and attitude toward obstructive sleep apnea among senior dental students, general dental practitioners, and dental specialists in Palestinian Authority: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Rola Shadid, Mohammed Jaradat","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2025.2535922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2025.2535922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and attitude toward obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Palestinian Authority.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted from January 2025 to March 2025 and targeted senior dental students at Arab American University and Palestinian dental practitioners. A 37-item questionnaire including demographics, knowledge, and attitude categories was created using Google Drive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 585 senior dental students and dental practitioners responded to the survey, with a mean total knowledge score of 17.9 ±4.72 out of 23, and attitude score of 21.49 ±3.41 out of 28. Senior dental students revealed the highest knowledge level while the general dental practitioners showed the lowest.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dental practitioners had insufficient knowledge about OSA and a neutral attitude regarding OSA patients' management and referrals. Thus, revision of curricula in dental schools and organizing more educational programs about OSA are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Orofacial trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: A review of case reports. 口面三叉神经自主神经性头痛:病例报告回顾。
IF 1.9 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2025.2541123
Jack Botros, Donald R Nixdorf
{"title":"Orofacial trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: A review of case reports.","authors":"Jack Botros, Donald R Nixdorf","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2025.2541123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2025.2541123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the characteristics of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC) presenting as orofacial pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A web search was performed on various databases to find relevant case reports or series reporting TAC presenting in V2 and/or V3 of the trigeminal ‎nerve distribution. Headaches were classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders III and the International Classification of Orofacial Pain. Descriptive analyses were employed, and multivariable linear regression models assessed the factors associated with (i) longer time since the onset of TAC and (ii) a higher number of previous providers‎ at the time of report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intraoral/tooth pain was reported by 47% (<i>n</i> = 34) of cases, with 11 without headache or V1 involvement. Cases had an average of 2.2 autonomic symptoms ‎‎(standard deviation (SD) = 1.3), 4.5 years since onset (SD = 5.3), and 2.6 previous ‎providers (SD = 1.5) at the time of the report. Autonomic symptoms increased as the time since pain onset (<i>n</i> = 50, β = 1.30, <i>p</i> = .026) and age (β = 0.13, <i>p</i> = .032) ‎increased when adjusted for sex and the trigeminal distribution of involvement. The number of previous providers tended to be lower for TAC with shorter episodes (β = -1.48, SD = 0.47, <i>p</i> = .004) than for TAC with long attacks or continuous pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orofacial TAC present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Multidisciplinary care and more education are recommended. Further research is needed to properly understand them.</p>","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychoemotional determinants of sleep bruxism: A phenotypic characterization using instrumental assessment. 睡眠磨牙症的心理情绪决定因素:使用仪器评估的表型表征。
IF 2 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2025.2533535
Andrea Deregibus, Vanessa Graziano, Andrea Bargellini, Giovanni Cugliari, Serena Ravera, Fabrizio Sanna, Simone Parrini, Tommaso Castroflorio, Daniele Manfredini
{"title":"Psychoemotional determinants of sleep bruxism: A phenotypic characterization using instrumental assessment.","authors":"Andrea Deregibus, Vanessa Graziano, Andrea Bargellini, Giovanni Cugliari, Serena Ravera, Fabrizio Sanna, Simone Parrini, Tommaso Castroflorio, Daniele Manfredini","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2025.2533535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2025.2533535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate possible correlations between depression, anxiety and stress in subjects with instrumental diagnosis of sleep bruxism (SB) and to identify a link between clinical data and sleep-time muscular activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>170 subjects underwent clinical investigation and instrumental night recordings for SB assessment with a portable electromyographyic (EMG) device. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used for psychological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anxiety was statistically associated with SB index and SB-related tonic contractions. Subjects with high perceived stress scores showed higher numbers of total masseter contractions and SB-related phasic contractions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emotional states showed a statistically significant association with SB events, as assessed based on the count of episodes over 10% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) preceded by a 20% increase of heart rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Canine Protected Occlusion - evidence-based clinical guidance. 犬保护性咬合——循证临床指导。
IF 2 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2025.2536784
Donald J Rinchuse, Sanjivan Kandasamy, Daniele Manfredini
{"title":"Canine Protected Occlusion - evidence-based clinical guidance.","authors":"Donald J Rinchuse, Sanjivan Kandasamy, Daniele Manfredini","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2025.2536784","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08869634.2025.2536784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This commentary critically examines the validity of the Canine Protected Occlusion concept, from both biological and evidence-based perspectives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive review of the pertinent literature related to the topic of Canine Protected Occlusion was conducted by the authors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Canine Protected Occlusion is neither the optimal or preferred functional occlusion in dentistry. The foundational principles of this concept are not supported by any biologic reasoning or scientific evidence. Furthermore, Canine Protected Occlusion recordings fail to reflect or represent any type of physiologic mandibular motion and function or occlusal loading in humans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The functional occlusion contacts that clinicians should focus on most are those in or close to maximum intercuspation. This perspective aims to discourage practitioners from undertaking unnecessary extensive and invasive procedures to establish Canine Protected Occlusion in all patients, especially when this is not substantiated by evidence-based literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can antegonial notch angular measurements on lateral cephalometry be used to monitor children following TMJ ankylosis treatment? 颞下颌关节强直治疗后,侧位测量仪上的先天性切迹角测量能否用于监测儿童?
IF 2 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2025.2532914
Ali Fahd, Ahmed Talaat Temerek, Mohamed T Ellabban, Carolina B Meloto, Ahmad G A Khater
{"title":"Can antegonial notch angular measurements on lateral cephalometry be used to monitor children following TMJ ankylosis treatment?","authors":"Ali Fahd, Ahmed Talaat Temerek, Mohamed T Ellabban, Carolina B Meloto, Ahmad G A Khater","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2025.2532914","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08869634.2025.2532914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aims to introduce using antegonial notch angular measurements on lateral cephalometry as a simple low-dose radiographic approach for monitoring mandibular growth in children after TMJA treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used dental records to identify eligible patients: healthy children with true unilateral TMJA who underwent conservative gap arthroplasty followed by post-operative physiotherapy. The primary outcome was changes in antegonial notch angular measurements over time. Secondary outcomes included correlations between antegonial notch angular measurements and two growth-related conventional cephalometric angles (SNB and ANB). We also explored the relationship between changes in antegonial notch angle over time and study covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven patients aged 4 to 9.5 years with unilateral bony TMJA for periods ranging from 9 to 20 months who had undergone conservative gap arthroplasty followed by physiotherapy were included. Significant increases were observed in antegonial notch angles on both the affected and non-affected sides after treatment (<i>p</i> < .05), indicating resumed mandibular growth. Although the affected side remained significantly smaller than the non-affected side at both timepoints (<i>p</i>= 0.033 and 0.005), asymmetry did not change significantly over time (<i>p</i>= 0.273), suggesting parallel bilateral growth. Positive correlations were found between antegonial notch changes and SNB (<i>p</i>= 0.039-0.047). Multivariate regression indicated that TMJA duration significantly influenced changes in the affected-side notch angle (<i>p</i>= 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on these preliminary data, antegonial notch angular measurements on lateral cephalometric radiographs may offer a simple, reliable, and low-radiation alternative for monitoring mandibular growth in children after TMJA treatment. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to support our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reliability of myotonometry in the assessment of cervico-mandibular musculature: Inter/intra-examiner and inter/intra-session reliability study. 肌测法在评估颈下颌肌肉组织中的可靠性:检查者之间和检查过程之间的可靠性研究。
IF 2 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2025.2528304
Armando Campos López, Elena Estébanez-de-Miguel, Tania Camou Acedo, Karla Paola García-Pelagio, Isabel Albarova-Corral, Miguel Malo Urriés, Paulina Villanueva-Meléndez
{"title":"Reliability of myotonometry in the assessment of cervico-mandibular musculature: Inter/intra-examiner and inter/intra-session reliability study.","authors":"Armando Campos López, Elena Estébanez-de-Miguel, Tania Camou Acedo, Karla Paola García-Pelagio, Isabel Albarova-Corral, Miguel Malo Urriés, Paulina Villanueva-Meléndez","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2025.2528304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2025.2528304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The MyotonPRO is a valid, portable device to assess musculoskeletal tissue properties, but its reliability for cervico-mandibular muscles remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the intra/inter-rater and intra/inter-session reliability of the MyotonPRO in cervico-mandibular muscle assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 measurements were performed on 15 healthy participants by two raters at two moments. MyotonPRO evaluated tone, stiffness, elasticity, relaxation time, and creep. Reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra-rater intra-session reliability was good to excellent (ICC = 0.753-0.976). Inter-session values were moderate to good (ICC = 0.585-0.888), with excellent reliability for ECOM relaxation time (ICC = 0.955) and masseter elasticity (ICC = 0.910). Inter-rater reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0.686-0.896).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MyotonPRO is a reliable tool for assessing cervico-mandibular muscle mechanical properties across different raters and sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency distribution of the number and amplitude of electromyographic waveforms of the masseter muscle during sleep in patients with a clinical diagnosis of sleep bruxism. 临床诊断为睡眠磨牙症患者睡眠时咬肌肌电波形数和振幅的频率分布。
IF 2 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2023.2222640
Ai Kudo, Taihiko Yamaguchi, Saki Mikami, Miku Saito, Toshinori Nakajima, Masana Maeda, Mebae Takahashi, Sota Takahashi, Akihito Gotouda
{"title":"Frequency distribution of the number and amplitude of electromyographic waveforms of the masseter muscle during sleep in patients with a clinical diagnosis of sleep bruxism.","authors":"Ai Kudo, Taihiko Yamaguchi, Saki Mikami, Miku Saito, Toshinori Nakajima, Masana Maeda, Mebae Takahashi, Sota Takahashi, Akihito Gotouda","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2023.2222640","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08869634.2023.2222640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to clarify frequency distribution of number and peak amplitude of electromyographic (EMG) waveforms of sleep bruxism (SB) in outpatients with clinical diagnosis of SB (probable bruxer: P-bruxer).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects were 40 P-bruxers. Masseteric EMG during sleep was measured at home using a wearable EMG system. EMG waveforms with amplitude of more than two times the baseline and with duration of 0.25 s were extracted as SB bursts. Clusters of bursts, i.e. SB episodes, were also scored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were large variations among the subjects in numbers of SB bursts and episodes and in burst peak amplitude. As for burst peak amplitude within a subject, a wide right-tailed frequency distribution was shown with the highest frequency at the class of 5-10% maximum voluntary contraction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The number and amplitude of SB waveforms for P-bruxers were distributed over a wide range, indicating the existence of large individual differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"558-570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9690212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Otological symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. 颞下颌关节类风湿性关节炎患者的耳科症状。
IF 2 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2023.2260281
Kamal G Effat, Abeer Berty
{"title":"Otological symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint.","authors":"Kamal G Effat, Abeer Berty","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2023.2260281","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08869634.2023.2260281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the current study was to describe the pattern of otological symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), having clinical temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement. This issue had not been previously addressed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire and examination findings protocol was applied for 141 patients with RA and 141 control subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Otological symptoms (otalgia, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo), all had a significantly higher incidence in RA patients, compared to control subjects (<i>P</i> = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The onset and maintenance of otological symptoms in patients with TMJ involvement by RA probably result from peripheral, as well as central nervous system alterations in sensory stimuli programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"621-628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The normal range of maximum mouth opening and its correlation with age, gender, height, and weight in Turkish children. 土耳其儿童最大开口正常范围及其与年龄、性别、身高、体重的关系
IF 1.9 4区 医学
Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2023.2226836
Mehmet Gökhan Demir
{"title":"The normal range of maximum mouth opening and its correlation with age, gender, height, and weight in Turkish children.","authors":"Mehmet Gökhan Demir","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2023.2226836","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08869634.2023.2226836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim is to measure the maximum mouth opening (MMO) of healthy children between the ages 4 and 18 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six hundred seventy-four children between ages 4 and 18 years were included in the study. Individuals with dentofacial anomaly, temporomandibular joint disease, infection, trauma, and rheumatic disease were not included in the study. The MMO of the participants was measured with a vernier caliper. Demographic information such as weight, height, and age was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MMO was calculated to be 46.62 mm in boys and 45.96 mm in girls. The MMO value increased with increasing age. However, no difference was observed in terms of gender in the same age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, normal MMO values between the ages 4 and 18 years were determined. It is to have differences in age group and society-based examinations. For this reason, it is important to know the normal values of each society in terms of age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":56318,"journal":{"name":"Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice","volume":" ","pages":"599-602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9667857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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