Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Brief Acoustic Tinnitus Suppression as a Diagnostic Procedure in Clinical Routine: Feasibility and Results.","authors":"Stefan Schoisswohl, Martin Vizethum, Martin Schecklmann, Andreas Reissmann, Veronika Vielsmeier, Katharina Kerkel, Berthold Langguth","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01004-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01004-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brief acoustic tinnitus suppression (BATS) is a well-known phenomenon among tinnitus patients. Most knowledge about BATS comes from experiments applying filtered, modulated, or customized stimuli in selected patient populations. Testing BATS in clinical routine could provide valuable information for patient subtyping and assistance in treatment decision-making. Here, we investigated the feasibility of BATS tests beyond controlled experimental settings. Seventy individuals with tinnitus (29 female) were tested for BATS using white noise as part of a first consultation visit at the Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Center in Regensburg. The procedure turned out to be feasible under clinical routine conditions. Thirty-five patients (50%) reported some form of tinnitus suppression, with 6 (8.6%) reporting at least 50% reduction and 1 (1.4%) complete absence of their tinnitus percept. The degree of suppression was rated as relevant improvement by most patients. In summary, the integration of BATS assessments was feasible and provided valuable information about the patients' tinnitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"635-639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of Low-Frequency Tones in the Organ of Corti Vibrations of the Basal Turn in the Mongolian Gerbil Cochlea.","authors":"Jonathan H Siegel, Wenxuan He, Tianying Ren","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01012-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01012-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The basilar membrane (BM) motion evoked by single or two-tone stimuli shows nonlinearity largely confined to the region of the traveling wave peak(s) with a passive and linear response basal to the peak. For the same stimuli, nonlinear two-tone interactions in the ear canal pressure and cochlear microphonics appear to originate in a region that extends considerably basal to the peak of the BM traveling wave. Recent measurements from the reticular lamina region (RL) of the organ of Corti in the mouse apex exhibit active gain and broadly tuned two-tone suppression of the response to a lower-frequency probe stimulus that is not measured in the BM at the same location. These results suggest that suppressible active gain is evident in the RL region motion in the region basal to the characteristic frequency (CF) place of the probe tone. The purpose of this study is to explore the spatial extent of active gain and nonlinearity of the cochlear partition by measuring two-tone suppression in the RL region and BM responses to a probe two octaves lower in frequency than the CF of the recording location.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In the current study in the basal turn of the Mongolian gerbil cochlea (15 animals), we used a sensitive custom-built scanning low-coherence heterodyne interferometer to measure two-tone interactions between a suppressor tone near the local CF (~ 20 kHz) and a probe tone two octaves below CF in the vibrations of the RL region and BM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In sensitive animals, we demonstrate prominent two-tone suppression of the response in the motion of the RL region to a 5 kHz 40 dB SPL probe tone for suppressor tones near the ~ 20 kHz CF at levels as low as 40 dB SPL. Suppression of the probe response became more pronounced as the suppressor level was increased. Responses to the 40 dB SPL probe could not be measured in BM where responses were in the noise. When the probe level was raised to 60 dB SPL, such that the BM response was well above the system noise, we did not measure any change in BM vibrations for suppressor levels up to 70 dB SPL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Both active gain and nonlinearity in cochlear mechanics originate in the organ of Corti at a location that extends far basal to the place of the probe tone and not in the BM. Together with the previous reports by others, we conclude that the nonlinear acoustic interaction in the ear canal between a probe tone and tones much higher than the probe frequency is caused by the reduction (suppression) of mechanical gain actively generated by outer hair cells (OHC) in the organ of Corti. There was no indication that the suppressor generated a response at the probe frequency that was not already present in the response to the probe tone presented alone. Our results support the hypothesis that stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) measured in the ear canal sound pressure originate in a large region extending ","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"655-670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phenome-Wide Comorbidity Atlas of Age-Related Hearing Loss, Speech-in-Noise Deficits, and Tinnitus: Distinguishing Causal Signals from Correlation.","authors":"Ishan Sunilkumar Bhatt, Denise Tucker, Mitra Britton, Ashely Hoffa, Brandon J Pate, Raquel Dias, Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01008-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01008-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study employed a data-driven and hypothesis-free approach to identify comorbidities associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL), speech-in-noise (SIN) deficits, and tinnitus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study performed phenome-wide co-occurrence association analyses using the UK Biobank cohort to identify comorbidities associated with ARHL (N = 429,318), SIN deficits (N = 437,155), tinnitus (N = 172,527), and tinnitus severity (N = 57,657). Medical health records were accessed to obtain ICD-10 codes, which were converted into phecodes reflecting a modern disease classification. The statistical analysis was conducted to identify comorbidities associated with ARHL, SIN deficits, tinnitus, and tinnitus severity while statistically controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, and genetic ethnicity. Phenotype risk scores (PheRS) for hearing conditions were calculated. A complementary phenome-wide genetic correlation analysis was conducted to identify genetic comorbidities associated with these conditions. We utilized the summary statistics of recent genome-wide association studies of ARHL (N = 723,266), SIN deficits (N = 443,482), tinnitus (N = 132,438), and tinnitus severity (N = 132,438). The results of the phenome-wide association analyses were subjected to enrichment analysis to identify trait categories involved in hearing conditions. A complementary phenome-wide latent causal variant (LCV) analysis was employed to obtain causal inference by distinguishing between horizontal pleiotropy and true causality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The phenome-wide co-occurrence association analysis identified 383, 449, 283, and 216 medical conditions associated (FDR p &lt; 0.05) with ARHL, SIN deficits, tinnitus, and tinnitus severity, respectively. Gastrointestinal conditions revealed significant enrichment across all traits. Respiratory, genitourinary, and sense organs showed significant enrichment with ARHL, SIN deficits, and tinnitus. SIN deficits and tinnitus severity showed significant enrichment with mental Health and neurological conditions. Elevated PheRS significantly increased the risk of expressing their respective phenotypes. A phenome-wide genetic correlation analysis identified 376, 254, 97, and 188 health traits associated with ARHL, SIN deficits, tinnitus, and tinnitus severity, respectively. Mental health and medical symptoms were significantly enriched for all hearing conditions in the genetic correlation analyses. The results of LCV analyses revealed widespread horizontal pleiotropy driving most genetic correlations. In contrast, only a few traits demonstrated a true causal relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study mapped phenotypic and genotypic comorbidity profiles of ARHL, SIN deficits, tinnitus, and tinnitus severity. We observed a robust enrichment of gastrointestinal traits with all hearing conditions, suggesting a potential role of gut dysbiosis in their pathogenesis. The","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"715-737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Sharpness of Auditory Filters: Considering Subclinical Deficits Reveals Sharper Otoacoustic Emission Estimates of Frequency Selectivity in Humans.","authors":"Sajana Aryal, Srikanta K Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01018-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01018-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Frequency selectivity plays a crucial role in auditory perception, yet its precise characterization in humans remains debated. Most behavioral or physiologic estimates of frequency selectivity in humans have historically been obtained from individuals with clinically normal audiograms. However, emerging evidence suggests that even within this population, subclinical cochlear deficits may be prevalent, potentially skewing prior tuning estimates toward broader bandwidths. Here, we tested the hypothesis that human cochlear tuning is sharper when subclinical deficits, specifically hearing sensitivity above 8000 Hz, are considered.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission (SFOAE) delays, we obtained physiological estimates of cochlear tuning sharpness (Q_ERB). We applied the Stockwell transform, optimized through in silico experiments, to accurately extract SFOAE delays in adults with normal audiograms (n = 37) while systematically accounting for hearing thresholds above 8000 Hz.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that controlling for subclinical deficits results in significantly sharper (higher) tuning estimates at 2000 and 2828 Hz among the tested frequencies. Additionally, applying a normative criterion for extended high-frequency hearing, we observed narrower equivalent rectangular bandwidths-approximately two times sharper-in individuals with better extended high-frequency sensitivity. The Q_ERB estimates aligned closely with forward masking data in the literature, reinforcing the view that humans possess sharper cochlear tuning than common laboratory animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the influence of subclinical hearing deficits on cochlear tuning estimates and suggest that humans with optimal cochlear health may possess even sharper biological frequency selectivity than previously reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"699-714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced 40 and 80 Hz Auditory Steady State Responses in Patients with Idiopathic Tinnitus.","authors":"Zahra Ghasemahmad, Saeid Mahmoudian, Daniel Gavazzi, Shohreh Jalaei, Saeid Farahani","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01014-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01014-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate changes in auditory processing using auditory steady state responses (ASSR) in patients with idiopathic tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>19 tinnitus patients (7 females) and 24 control subjects (9 females) without tinnitus were examined with multiple ASSRs. Three modulation frequencies of 20, 40, and 80 HZ were tested, and the steady state responses were compared between tinnitus and control group. Further, the thresholds in ipsi- and contralateral side to ear with tinnitus were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings showed no significant difference in ASSR thresholds in ipsi- and contralateral side in tinnitus patients. However, we observed enhanced ASSRs at 40 and 80 Hz modulations in patients with idiopathic tinnitus compared to no-tinnitus control subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study suggest possible sensory deficits along higher order auditory regions in patients with idiopathic tinnitus. Further, our data indicates a bilateral involvement of auditory pathway in these regions in patients with lateralized tinnitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"739-750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Broadband Elicitor Duration on Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and a Psychoacoustic Measure of Gain Reduction.","authors":"William B Salloom, Hari Bharadwaj, Elizabeth A Strickland","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01011-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01011-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Measures of the human medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) typically rely on long duration (> 100 ms) or continuously presented broadband elicitors. MOCR gain reduction measured by otoacoustic emissions (OAE) exhibits multiple time constants, including in the hundreds of milliseconds, when elicited by broadband noise. Psychoacoustic studies of gain reduction have largely adopted these elicitor characteristics, but less is known about how broadband elicitor duration affects auditory perception. Additionally, the literature on the relationship between psychoacoustic and OAE measures of gain reduction has yielded mixed results, which is counterintuitive if both measures reflect the same mechanism. In this study, the effects of ipsilateral broadband elicitor duration were evaluated using forward masking psychoacoustic and transient-evoked OAE (TEOAE) paradigms in individuals with normal hearing (N = 19; m = 7, f = 12).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ipsilateral pink broadband noise was used as the elicitor in both experiments, presented at 50 dB SPL (50-800 ms) for the psychoacoustic measures and 50 dB FPL (50-400 ms) for the TEOAE measures. Gain reduction was quantified as the change in signal threshold (2 kHz) and the change in TEOAE level (1/3rd-octave band centered at 2 kHz) with and without the presence of the elicitor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average time constants for psychoacoustic and TEOAE gain reduction were similarly short (< 100 ms), with near-maximal effects observed for elicitor durations of 200 ms. However, individual comparisons of TEOAE and psychoacoustic gain reduction revealed mixed results. Potential factors contributing to this discrepancy are discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The human MOCR reduces cochlear gain on relatively short time scales (< 100 ms) with ipsilateral broadband elicitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"671-697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights Into Stria Vascular Function, Stria Immunity, and Age-Related Hearing Loss.","authors":"Xiaorui Shi","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01010-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01010-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microvasculature plays a crucial role in maintaining auditory health by delivering essential nutrients such as glucose, ions, growth factors, and hormones, while also facilitating the elimination of metabolic waste. Simultaneously, the innate immune system acts as a protective barrier against cochlear damage caused by infections, toxic substances, and foreign agents. The normal functioning of these two systems creates an appropriate microenvironment that supports the health of sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Disruptions in blood flow or inappropriate activation of the immune response can result in cochlear hypoxia and inflammation, both of which are linked to various auditory disorders. Understanding the characteristics and functions of these two systems could offer valuable insights into their distinct roles, potentially leading to the development of new treatments for hearing disorders associated with their dysfunction. This review covers the cellular characteristics and functions of both the vascular network and the innate immune cells within the stria vascularis, with a particular focus on how changes in both systems contribute to age-related hearing loss (ARHL), a common sensory deficit affecting the elderly population.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"621-634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Vibrations in the Organ of Corti are Limited to Its Core.","authors":"Sebastiaan W F Meenderink, Marcel van der Heijden, Wei Dong","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01017-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01017-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The goal of this research was to determine where in the organ of Corti (ooC) sound-induced, longitudinal vibrations occur, and how they depend on the health of the cochlea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sound-evoked vibrations of the ooC in the cochlea's middle turn of adult anesthetized gerbils were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Vibratory responses, evoked with acoustic tone complexes, were recorded at multiple, closely spaced (20 μm), tonotopic locations which changed the \"viewing angle\" of the vertical OCT beam re. the longitudinal motion. After spatial alignment of the responses, within-ooC regions exhibiting sound-induced longitudinal motion were identified from a conspicuous 180° phase flip.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longitudinal motion was restricted to the outer hair cells (OHC), Deiters' cells and the tunnel of Corti (i.e., the ooC's \"core\"). They were frequency and level-independent but did depend on the ear's metabolic state; after death, they disappeared.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There can be little doubt about the presence of longitudinal motions within the cochlea. Their disappearance postmortem and spatially restricted occurrence suggest these longitudinal vibrations arise from active processes within the OHC. Whether this involves cycle-by-cycle feedback or some other, as-of-yet undetermined, mechanism remains to be resolved.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"641-653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145544303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Targeting of AAV Gene Therapy for Inner Ear Following Systemic Delivery: Preliminary Findings and Transduction Pattern in Rat Cochlea.","authors":"Zannatul Ferdous, Trung N Le, Zhifen Zhang, Yumai Situ","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01009-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01009-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Delivery of therapeutics to the inner ear is complicated by their inaccessible location and the presence of the blood-labyrinth barrier that restricts most blood-borne compounds from entering the inner ear. This study addresses the challenge of optimal delivery in treating inner ear disease, focusing on magnetic targeting gene therapy using adeno-associated virus (AAV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The investigation explores three AAV serotypes (AAV2 Quad Mut, AAV2 pANC80L65, and AAV9 PHP.eB) delivered systemically, tagged with a brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) transgene and GFP reporter protein, and captured with superparamagnetic nanoparticles. External magnets target AAV delivery to the Left ear of both male and female Long Evans rats. After 2 weeks, we evaluated tropism and transduction in both cochleae and assessed distribution in other major organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain) using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Six animals were used for each experimental group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated the qualitative distribution of AAVs in sensory cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) in both ears. A significant increase in BDNF gene expression in the targeted left ear of rats administered AAV2 Quad Mut was observed. A single dose of magnetic targeting of AAV2 Quad Mut effectively transduced SGN and enhanced BDNF expression, leading to the restoration of ouabain-induced SGN loss and hearing loss (HL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate the potential of magnetic targeting to direct gene therapy following systemic delivery, paving the way for future applications in the treatment of HL.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"553-571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12528528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Inner Ear Volume Between Humans and Sheep Using MRI.","authors":"Fabrice Micaletti, Victoire Simier, Damien Fouan, Jean-Philippe Cottier, J John Galvin, Jean-Michel Escoffre, David Bakhos","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-01002-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-01002-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In preclinical research, animals are used to perform clinical experiments. The use of large animals with human-like anatomies and structural size appears to be essential. For auditory function research, we needed to identify an animal model whose dimensions are close to those of the human inner ear for future research. In the present study, we investigated measurements of the human and sheep inner ear using 3 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to evaluate the suitability of a sheep model for studying the inner ear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inner ears were compared between 8 ears from 4 normal humans (women) and 8 ears from 4 normal sheep (female). Cranial MRI of both species' cochleae were acquired and analyzed, with specific measurements for key anatomical features, including the cochlea length and width, the length and width of the inner auditory canal, the number of spiral turns of the cochlea and the cochlea volume. The size ratios between sheep and human cochlear structures were calculated and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall cochlear dimensions of the sheep were approximately 2/3 that of human cochleae across most measurements, except for the internal auditory canal. The internal auditory canal of the sheep was 1/3 of the size of that in humans. The number of spiral turns in the cochlea was equivalent between the two species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the proportionally similar dimensions to humans, the sheep cochlea appears to be a promising model for inner ear research, specifically to develop pathological models, to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of inner ear diseases, and/or to improve treatment with implantable prostheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"591-599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12528632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}