Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Frequency Following Responses to Tone Glides: Effects of Age and Hearing Loss.","authors":"Michelle R Molis, William J Bologna, Brandon M Madsen, Ramesh Kumar Muralimanohar, Curtis J Billings","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00900-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-023-00900-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Speech is characterized by dynamic acoustic cues that must be encoded by the auditory periphery, auditory nerve, and brainstem before they can be represented in the auditory cortex. The fidelity of these cues in the brainstem can be assessed with the frequency-following response (FFR). Data obtained from older adults-with normal or impaired hearing-were compared with previous results obtained from normal-hearing younger adults to evaluate the effects of age and hearing loss on the fidelity of FFRs to tone glides.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A signal detection approach was used to model a threshold criterion to distinguish the FFR from baseline neural activity. The response strength and temporal coherence of the FFR to tone glides varying in direction (rising or falling) and extent ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or 1 octave) were assessed by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stimulus-response correlation coefficient (SRCC) in older adults with normal hearing and with hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group mean differences in both SNR and SRCC were noted-with poorer responses more frequently observed with increased age and hearing loss-but with considerable response variability among individuals within each group and substantial overlap among group distributions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall distribution of FFRs across listeners and stimulus conditions suggests that observed group differences associated with age and hearing loss are influenced by a decreased likelihood of older and hearing-impaired individuals having a detectable FFR response and by lower average FFR fidelity among those older and hearing-impaired individuals who do have a detectable response.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 4","pages":"429-439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10504227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10353080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Opportunity for Constructing the Future of Data Sharing in Otolaryngology.","authors":"Mark A Eckert, Fatima T Husain, Dona M P Jayakody, Winfried Schlee, Christopher R Cederroth","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00908-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-023-00908-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 4","pages":"397-399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10504138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10306319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal Functional Connectivity Within Default Mode Network and Salience Network Related to Tinnitus Severity.","authors":"Binbin Xiong, Zhao Liu, Jiahong Li, Xiayin Huang, Jing Yang, Wenqiang Xu, Yu-Chen Chen, Yuexin Cai, Yiqing Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00905-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-023-00905-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have demonstrated that tinnitus is associated with neural changes in the cerebral cortex. This study is aimed at investigating the central nervous characteristics of tinnitus patients with different severity by using a rs-EEG.</p><p><strong>Participants and methods: </strong>rs-EEG was recorded in fifty-seven patients with chronic tinnitus and twenty-seven healthy controls. Tinnitus patients were divided into moderate-to-severe tinnitus group and slight-to-mild tinnitus group based on their Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores. Source localization and functional connectivity analyses were used to measure the changes in central levels and examine the altered network patterns. The correlation between functional connectivity and tinnitus severity was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Compared to the healthy controls, all tinnitus patients showed significant activation in the auditory cortex (middle temporal lobe, BA 21), while moderate-to-severe tinnitus group showed enhanced connectivity between the parahippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus. Moreover, the moderate-to-severe tinnitus group had enhanced functional connectivity between auditory cortex and insula compared to the slight-to-mild tinnitus group. The connections between the insula and the parahippocampal and posterior cingulate gyrus were positively correlated with THI scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study reveals that patients with moderate-to-severe tinnitus demonstrate greater changes in the central brain areas, including the auditory cortex, insula, parahippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus. In addition, enhanced connections were found between the insula and the auditory cortex, as well as the posterior cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampus, which suggests abnormality in the auditory network, salience network, and default mode network. Specifically, the insula is the core region of the neural pathway that is composed of the auditory cortex, insula, and parahippocampus/posterior cingulate gyrus. This suggests that the severity of tinnitus is affected by multiple brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 4","pages":"453-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10504230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10665288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Translocation Triggered at the Onset of Hearing in Cochlear Inner Hair Cells of Rats and Mice.","authors":"Megana R Iyer,&nbsp;Radha Kalluri","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00894-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-023-00894-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Nuclear position is precisely orchestrated during cell division, migration, and maturation of cells and tissues. Here we report a previously unrecognized, programmed movement of the nucleus in rat and mouse cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) coinciding with the functional maturation of inner hair cells around the onset of hearing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured hair cell length and nuclear position from confocal scans of immunofluorescence-labeled hair cells from whole-mount cochlear preparations throughout post-natal development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In early post-natal days, the IHC experiences a period of sustained growth, during which the nucleus sits at the very basal pole of the cell, far from the apically located mechano-transducing stereocilia, but close to where synapses with primary afferent and efferent neurons are forming. After IHCs reach their final length, the nucleus moves to occupy a new position half-way along the length of the cell. Nuclear translocation begins in the middle turn, completes throughout the cochlea within 2-3 days, and coincides with the emergence of endolymphatic potential, the acquisition of big-conductance potassium channels (BK), and the onset of acoustic hearing. IHCs cultured in-vitro without endolymphatic potential (EP) do not grow, do not express BK, and do not experience nuclear movement. IHCs cultured in high K+ solutions (to simulate EP) grow but do not experience nuclear movement or acquire BK channels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nuclear migration at the onset of hearing is a key step in the morphological maturation of IHCs. Whether this plays a role in functional maturation remains to be explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 3","pages":"291-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10335982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9788631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity to Pulse Rate and Amplitude Modulation in an Animal Model of the Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI).","authors":"Stephen McInturff, Victor Adenis, Florent-Valéry Coen, Stéphanie P Lacour, Daniel J Lee, M Christian Brown","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00897-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-023-00897-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is an auditory neuroprosthesis that provides hearing by electrically stimulating the cochlear nucleus (CN) of the brainstem. Our previous study (McInturff et al., 2022) showed that single-pulse stimulation of the dorsal (D)CN subdivision with low levels of current evokes responses that have early latencies, different than the late response patterns observed from stimulation of the ventral (V)CN. How these differing responses encode more complex stimuli, such as pulse trains and amplitude modulated (AM) pulses, has not been explored. Here, we compare responses to pulse train stimulation of the DCN and VCN, and show that VCN responses, measured in the inferior colliculus (IC), have less adaption, higher synchrony, and higher cross-correlation. However, with high-level DCN stimulation, responses become like those to VCN stimulation, supporting our earlier hypothesis that current spreads from electrodes on the DCN to excite neurons located in the VCN. To AM pulses, stimulation of the VCN elicits responses with larger vector strengths and gain values especially in the high-CF portion of the IC. Additional analysis using neural measures of modulation thresholds indicate that these measures are lowest for VCN. Human ABI users with low modulation thresholds, who score best on comprehension tests, may thus have electrode arrays that stimulate the VCN. Overall, the results show that the VCN has superior response characteristics and suggest that it should be the preferred target for ABI electrode arrays in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 3","pages":"365-384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10335994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9789752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Types of Inheritance and Genes Associated with Familial Meniere Disease.","authors":"Alberto M Parra-Perez,&nbsp;Jose A Lopez-Escamez","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00896-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-023-00896-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meniere disease (MD) is a rare disorder of the inner ear defined by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with episodes of vertigo and tinnitus. The phenotype is variable, and it may be associated with other comorbidities such as migraine, respiratory allergies, and several autoimmune disorders. The condition has a significant heritability according to epidemiological and familial segregation studies. Familial MD is found in 10% of cases, the most frequently found genes being OTOG, MYO7A, and TECTA, previously associated with autosomal dominant and recessive non-syndromic SNHL. These findings suggest a new hypothesis where proteins involved in the extracellular structures in the apical surface of sensory epithelia (otolithic and tectorial membranes) and proteins in the stereocilia links would be key elements in the pathophysiology of MD. The ionic homeostasis of the otolithic and tectorial membranes could be critical to suppress the innate motility of individual hair cell bundles. Initially, focal detachment of these extracellular membranes may cause random depolarization of hair cells and will explain changes in tinnitus loudness or trigger vertigo attacks in early stages of MD. With the progression of the disease, a larger detachment will lead to an otolithic membrane herniation into the horizontal semicircular canal with dissociation in caloric and head impulse responses. Familial MD shows different types of inheritance, including autosomal dominant and compound recessive patterns and implementation of genetic testing will improve our understanding of the genetic structure of MD.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 3","pages":"269-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10335989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10148563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Optical Characterization of Middle Ear Effusions and Biofilms During Otitis Media.","authors":"Jungeun Won, Guillermo L Monroy, Pawjai Khampang, Ronit Barkalifa, Wenzhou Hong, Eric J Chaney, Edita Aksamitiene, Ryan G Porter, Michael A Novak, Darold R Spillman, Joseph E Kerschner, Stephen A Boppart","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00901-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-023-00901-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Otitis media (OM), a common ear infection, is characterized by the presence of an accumulated middle ear effusion (MEE) in a normally air-filled middle ear cavity. While assessing the MEE plays a critical role in the overall management of OM, identifying and examining the MEE is challenging with the current diagnostic tools since the MEE is located behind the semi-opaque eardrum. The objective of this cross-sectional, observational study is to non-invasively visualize and characterize MEEs and bacterial biofilms in the middle ear. A portable, handheld, otoscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (OCT) system combined with novel analytical methods has been developed. In vivo middle ear OCT images were acquired from 53 pediatric subjects (average age of 3.9 years; all awake during OCT imaging) diagnosed with OM and undergoing a surgical procedure (ear tube surgery) to aspirate the MEE and aerate the middle ear. In vivo middle ear OCT acquired prior to the surgery was compared with OCT of the freshly extracted MEEs, clinical diagnosis, and post-operative evaluations. Among the subjects who were identified with the presence of MEEs, 89.6% showed the presence of the TM-adherent biofilm in in vivo OCT. This study provides an atlas of middle ear OCT images exhibiting a range of depth-resolved MEE features, which can only be visualized and assessed non-invasively through OCT. Quantitative metrics of OCT images acquired prior to the surgery were statistically correlated with surgical evaluations of MEEs. Measurements of MEE characteristics will provide new readily available information that can lead to improved diagnosis and management strategies for the highly prevalent OM in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 3","pages":"325-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10335988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9795778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Inverse Relationship Between Gray Matter Volume and Speech-in-Noise Performance in Tinnitus Patients with Normal Hearing Sensitivity.","authors":"Yihsin Tai, Somayeh Shahsavarani, Rafay A Khan, Sara A Schmidt, Fatima T Husain","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00895-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-023-00895-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Speech-in-noise (SiN) recognition difficulties are often reported in patients with tinnitus. Although brain structural changes such as reduced gray matter (GM) volume in auditory and cognitive processing regions have been reported in the tinnitus population, it remains unclear how such changes influence speech understanding, such as SiN performance. In this study, pure-tone audiometry and Quick Speech-in-Noise test were conducted on individuals with tinnitus and normal hearing and hearing-matched controls. T1-weighted structural MRI images were obtained from all participants. After preprocessing, GM volumes were compared between tinnitus and control groups using whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses. Further, regression analyses were performed to examine the correlation between regional GM volume and SiN scores in each group. The results showed decreased GM volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus in the tinnitus group relative to the control group. In the tinnitus group, SiN performance showed a negative correlation with GM volume in the left cerebellum (Crus I/II) and the left superior temporal gyrus; no significant correlation between SiN performance and regional GM volume was found in the control group. Even with clinically defined normal hearing and comparable SiN performance relative to controls, tinnitus appears to change the association between SiN recognition and regional GM volume. This change may reflect compensatory mechanisms utilized by individuals with tinnitus who maintain behavioral performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 3","pages":"385-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10335974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9778841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite-Element Modelling Based on Optical Coherence Tomography and Corresponding X-ray MicroCT Data for Three Human Middle Ears.","authors":"Marzieh Golabbakhsh, Xuan Wang, Dan MacDougall, Joshua Farrell, Thomas Landry, W Robert J Funnell, Robert Adamson","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00899-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-023-00899-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging modality which is non-invasive, can be employed in vivo, and can record both anatomy and vibrations. The purpose here is to explore the application of finite-element (FE) modelling to OCT data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recorded vibrations for three human cadaver middle ears using OCT. We also have X-ray microCT images from the same ears. Three FE models were built based on geometries obtained from the microCT images. The material properties and boundary conditions of the models were obtained from previously reported studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tympanic-membrane (TM) vibration patterns were computed for the three models and compared with the patterns measured using OCT. Frequency responses were also computed for all three models for several locations in the middle ear and compared with the OCT displacements and with the literature. The three models were compared with each other in terms of geometry and function. Parameter sensitivity analyses were done and the results were compared among the models and with the literature. The simulated TM displacement patterns are qualitatively similar to the OCT results. The simulated displacements are closer to the OCT results for 500 Hz and 1 kHz but the differences are greater at 2 kHz.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides an initial look at the combined use of OCT measurements and FE modelling based on subject-specific anatomy. The geometries and parameters of the existing FE models could be modified for individual patients in the future to help identify abnormalities in the middle ear.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 3","pages":"339-363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10335995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9790202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bandpass Shape of Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emission Ratio Functions Reflects Cochlear Frequency Tuning in Normal-Hearing Mice.","authors":"James B Dewey,&nbsp;Christopher A Shera","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00892-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-023-00892-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frequency selectivity of the mammalian auditory system is critical for discriminating complex sounds like speech. This selectivity derives from the sharp tuning of the cochlea's mechanical response to sound, which is largely attributed to the amplification of cochlear vibrations by outer hair cells (OHCs). Due to its nonlinearity, the amplification process also leads to the generation of distortion products (DPs), some of which propagate out to the ear canal as DP otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). However, the insight that these signals provide about the tuned micro- and macro-mechanics underlying their generation remains unclear. Using optical coherence tomography to measure cochlear vibrations in mice, we show that the cochlea's frequency tuning is reflected in the bandpass shape that is observed in DPOAE amplitudes when the ratio of the two evoking stimulus frequencies is varied (here termed DPOAE \"ratio functions\"). The tuning sharpness of DPOAE ratio functions and cochlear vibrations co-varied with stimulus level, with a similar quantitative agreement in tuning sharpness observed for both apical and mid-cochlear locations. Measurement of intracochlear DPs revealed that the tuning of the DPOAE ratio functions was not caused by mechanisms that shape DPs locally near where they are generated. Instead, simple model simulations indicate that the bandpass shape is due to a more global wave interference phenomenon. It appears that the filtering of DPOAEs by wave interactions over an extended spatial region allows them to provide a window onto the frequency tuning of single cochlear locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 3","pages":"305-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10335997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10149599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}