Extreme Mechanics Letters最新文献

{"title":"Quantized energy absorption of sandwiched origami ring","authors":"Bowen Tan,&nbsp;Ke Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Origami cores are increasingly recognized as effective structures for energy absorption in sandwich plates. However, as most origami sandwich cores are made of tessellations of orthotropic unit cells, their free edges may hinder the formation of plastic hinges and reduce energy absorption capacity. To eliminate such free edges, in this work, by trimming the popular Miura-ori unit cells to form ring-shaped loops, we create a new origami sandwich plate with improved energy absorption efficiency. We study the energy absorption characteristics of these origami ring cores through a combination of theory, numerical simulations, and experiments. Both simulations and experiments verify that the origami ring cores possess quantized energy absorption capacity, related to the number of additional plastic hinges derived from strong local buckling of origami creases. We develop a theoretical model that effectively captures the formation of plastic hinges and predicts their absorbed energy. In summary, the origami ring cores present a novel and promising sandwich plate design approach, characterized by quantized energy absorption performance. This innovation holds significant potential for diverse engineering applications across sectors such as the aeronautic and marine industries and infrastructure development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best-in-class modeling: A novel strategy to discover constitutive models for soft matter systems","authors":"Kevin Linka ,&nbsp;Ellen Kuhl","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2024.102181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability to automatically discover interpretable mathematical models from data could forever change how we model soft matter systems. For convex discovery problems with a unique global minimum, model discovery is well-established. It uses a classical top-down approach that first calculates a dense parameter vector, and then sparsifies the vector by gradually removing terms. For non-convex discovery problems with multiple local minima, this strategy is infeasible since the initial parameter vector is generally non-unique. Here we propose a novel bottom-up approach that starts with a sparse single-term vector, and then densifies the vector by systematically adding terms. Along the way, we discover models of gradually increasing complexity, a strategy that we call <em>best-in-class modeling</em>. To identify and select successful candidate terms, we reverse-engineer a library of sixteen functional building blocks that integrate a century of knowledge in material modeling with recent trends in machine learning and artificial intelligence. Yet, instead of solving the NP hard discrete combinatorial problem with <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mtext>65,536</mtext></mrow></math></span> possible combinations of terms, best-in-class modeling starts with the best one-term model and iteratively repeats adding terms, until the objective function meets a user-defined convergence criterion. Strikingly, for most practical purposes, we achieve good convergence with only one or two terms. We illustrate the best-in-class one- and two-term models for a variety of soft matter systems including rubber, brain, artificial meat, skin, and arteries. Our discovered models display distinct and unexpected features for each family of materials, and suggest that best-in-class modeling is an efficient, robust, and easy-to-use strategy to discover the mechanical signatures of traditional and unconventional soft materials. We anticipate that our technology will generalize naturally to other classes of natural and man made soft matter with applications in artificial organs, stretchable electronics, soft robotics, and artificial meat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352431624000610/pdfft?md5=8635feb1c661c9d1fcbbf9b338de5d71&pid=1-s2.0-S2352431624000610-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment on broadband isolation of surface wave using pillared metastructures","authors":"Xinyue Wu ,&nbsp;Yabin Jin ,&nbsp;Timon Rabczuk ,&nbsp;Hehua Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2024.102180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is challenging to achieve broadband isolation of ground vibration. In this work, pillared metastructures are proposed for broadband vibration isolation of surface wave in sandy soil numerically and experimentally. We first investigate two kinds of pillared metastructures, namely the pillars exposed on top of the soil or partially embedded in soil. Numerical and experimental results show that the case of partially embedded pillar has a wider and higher bandgap. Then we study gradient metastructures with linear or non-linear distributions of embedded depths, resulting in lower and wider attenuation frequency ranges, which are also validated by experiments. It is shown that gradient metastructures with a fixed ratio of bandgap overlaps to adjacent bandwidths have a greater advantage in low-frequency isolation. Our study provides great inspiration for simple design and manufacturing of new seismic metastructures to reduce surface waves or vibrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastructures based on graded tube inversion for arbitrarily prescribable force-displacement relationships","authors":"Qingyang Chen ,&nbsp;Kexin Tan ,&nbsp;Xianghong He ,&nbsp;Aojie Chen ,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The force-displacement relationship is a fundamental mechanical property of materials, and the ability to inversely customize a prespecified relationship is useful for complex energy absorption systems, substrates of wearable electronics, and programmable vibration control. The recent development of mechanical metamaterials introduces graded strength into porous frameworks, which, however, can only achieve designable strain-hardening behavior. This is because the soft layers always deform prior to the hard layers due to the minimum energy gradient principle, regardless of the spatial arrangement of the component strength. Inspired by the “Domino effect” of tube inversion where its deformation sequence is governed by its kinematic compatibility, this paper introduces graded strength into a progressive and sequential tube inversion process, and correspondingly achieves arbitrarily prescribable force-displacement curves. Parametric study, numerical simulations for 9 different target curves, theoretical modeling leading to an inverse design framework, and experiments are carried out. This strategy paves the way for the inverse design of materials with arbitrary nonlinear mechanical responses essential for various novel applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multistable compliant linkages with multiple kinematic paths separated by energy barriers","authors":"Zihua Lin ,&nbsp;Lin Ai ,&nbsp;Huijuan Feng ,&nbsp;Weixia He ,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multistable morphing structures can reconfigure between different stable states that are separated by energy barriers, and one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) mechanisms have many merits, like simple actuation. This paper combines the two and proposes a new family of reconfigurable compliant linkages with many (2−6) 1-DOF kinematic paths that are separated by energy barriers. This new type of design is an extension of multistable structures, where each stable state corresponds to not just one configuration but a 1-DOF configuration space, i.e., a kinematic path. Components of the linkages are made elastically compliant, therefore enabling the switch between two isolated compatible paths with multi-stability. A generation-selection hybrid design algorithm to follow prescribed reconfigurable paths is proposed, and a minimum energy path (MEP) finding method to guide actuation to switch between different kinematic paths is developed. Four design examples with 2–3 reconfigurable paths and their experiments are presented, and the effectiveness of this method is verified. This work provides a fresh perspective to design the single-DOF reconfigurable mechanisms with larger design space, more reconfigurable kinematic paths, and easier reconfiguration actuation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front cover CO1","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4316(24)00057-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4316(24)00057-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352431624000579/pdfft?md5=7e829ee8cf81600104b5475085ca7a24&pid=1-s2.0-S2352431624000579-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141242233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling human vulnerability and a new interspecies scaling law for brain injury under blast loading","authors":"Zhibo Du,&nbsp;Jiarui Zhang,&nbsp;Xinghao Wang,&nbsp;Zhuo Zhuang,&nbsp;Zhanli Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2024.102179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The common belief that animals with larger heads are more tolerated to brain injury faces challenges under the extreme conditions of blast loading. Recent studies indicate that humans, who have notably larger heads than other species of similar body weight, exhibit a unique vulnerability. Integrating animal experimental data, advanced head modeling, and pressure propagation theories, this research elucidates the injury mechanisms across species as the blast wave transitions from the extremely hard skull to the extremely soft brain. We propose a new interspecies scaling law based on consistent peaks of intracranial pressure, rather than head size, to redefine the translation from animal exposure thresholds to human risk assessment. This shift in perspective underscores the imperative to comprehensively consider both head geometry and size in predicting tolerance to blast brain injury, moving beyond simplistic size-based comparisons. Our study's insights contribute <del>significantly</del> to redefining injury risk models and fostering innovative prevention strategies against blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the design space of discontinuous metal matrix composites through domain-knowledge enhanced machine learning","authors":"Hailin Deng ,&nbsp;Qingkun Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiang Gao ,&nbsp;Hua-Xin Peng ,&nbsp;Haofei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2024.102176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tailored reinforcement architectures in discontinuous metal matrix composites (DMMCs) offer superior mechanical performance with broad scientific and financial interests. This study presents a domain-knowledge enhanced machine learning approach to efficiently explore the design space of Al-SiC DMMCs for optimization. A substantial dataset containing 140,000 instances, resembling characteristic reinforcement configurations and variants, is generated using a series of algorithms. Employing high-throughput finite element analysis, the elastic properties of each configuration are estimated. Statistical analysis reveals that a more homogeneous distributed reinforcement contributes to mechanical stability, whereas configurations with extreme performance tend to have inhomogeneous reinforcement distribution. A deep residual neural network trained on this dataset accurately learns the structure-property correlations. Coupled with a genetic algorithm, the framework identifies optimal configurations across different volume fractions for maximizing/minimizing properties including tensile modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio. Comparative analysis shows the incorporation of domain knowledge improves data quality, facilitating more effective design space exploration. This study contributes to advancing composite materials design, particularly for next-generation high-performance DMMCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical anisotropy on reduced ballistic limit of phosphorene by cone wave reflection：A computational study","authors":"Ning Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Chen ,&nbsp;Kezhi Mao ,&nbsp;Shaoheng Li ,&nbsp;Songbai Wu ,&nbsp;Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2024.102173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-dimensional materials, such as phosphorene, exhibit exceptional electrical and mechanical properties, offering promising prospects for both electronic and mechanical applications. To design more mechanically reliable devices using phosphorene, exploring its mechanical performance, especially impact resistance, is necessary. Here, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are presented to study the mechanical responses of phosphorene under ballistic impact. Interestingly, size-dependent behaviors have been observed, which could be attributed to a coupling effect of cone wave reflection and membrane size. Owing to significant differences in Young’s modulus between the armchair and zigzag direction in phosphorene, mechanical wave propagation exhibits substantial anisotropy in a single-layer phosphorene membrane. A critical membrane size has been identified, below which cone wave reflections from the boundaries can induce perforation: a phenomenon particularly relevant to micro-ballistic testing of two-dimensional material membranes. The effect of boundary shape on reduction in ballistic limit has been studied, in which all the phosphorene sheets in the study are elliptical while the axial ratio of the ellipses is varied from 0.54 to 1.85. The axial ratio 0.69 is proven to maximize the strain amplification induced by cone wave reflection, thus leading to the biggest reduction in ballistic impact for phosphorene. A unitless indicator based on atomic Green-Lagrange strain has been proposed, which can effectively quantify the boundary shape effect on the reduced ballistic limit. Our findings provide timely guidance for the design of future nanodevices using phosphorene with high impact resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of spider hair structure on acoustic response","authors":"Ya-Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Yuan-Qing Li ,&nbsp;Kostya S. Novoselov ,&nbsp;Shao-Yun Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2024.102171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2024.102171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that spiders have an extraordinary auditory sensitivity. However, significant differences in the acoustic impedance between air and solids (spiders) would reduce the acoustic energy transmitted from air to spiders, and by intuition this might result in a significant decrease in the acoustic sensitivity of spiders. This mechanism has been long troubled in researchers’ minds that how hunting spiders could have an outstanding auditory sensitivity. In this paper, the auditory sensing mechanisms of hunting spiders are studied by theoretical analysis and simulation. The results show that the acoustic impedance can be adjusted by spiders’ hairs with particular features to realize the acoustic impedance matching between air and spiders, which could make spiders’ hairs easily send signals to the nervous system of spiders, thus significantly promoting the acoustic energy transfer from air to spiders. Both the appropriate length and deflection angle of hairs are critical to determine the acoustic impedance/acoustic transmission coefficient. In parallel, verification test is carried out on an innovative bionic hair array. The experiment result shows that the acoustic impedance is significantly descended by the bionic hair array with the spiders' acoustic hairs' features, which provides a sufficient proof of the acoustic impedance matching by spiders' hairs. Consequently, this work clearly discloses the acoustic sensing mechanism for the extraordinary auditory sensitivity of hunting spiders, which may have a great significance for the development of artificial auditory technology and sound stealth devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}