Extreme Mechanics Letters最新文献

Precipitate response in GRCop-42 metallic microparticles under extreme impact conditions GRCop-42金属微粒在极端冲击条件下的沉淀响应

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102410

Jianxiong Li , Yuan Yao , Mostafa Hassani

{"title":"Precipitate response in GRCop-42 metallic microparticles under extreme impact conditions","authors":"Jianxiong Li , Yuan Yao , Mostafa Hassani","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GRCop-42 is a Cu-based alloy strengthened primarily through precipitation hardening by a single Cr<sub>2</sub>Nb phase. While its deformation mechanisms under quasi-static conditions have been extensively studied, the behavior of these precipitates under extreme strain rates remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the high-rate response of GRCop-42 powder using laser-induced microparticle impact testing (LIPIT), where individual alloy particles are impacted onto a pure Cu substrate at velocities ranging from 100 to 600 m/s. We observe a transition from rebound to impact-induced bonding at ∼490 ± 11 m/s. Cross-sectional microstructural analysis of bonded particles reveals that, although high strain rate impact does not lead to significant precipitate fracture or coarsening, the precipitates undergo shape changes. At higher velocities, the Cr<sub>2</sub>Nb precipitates exhibit increased aspect ratios, particularly near particle edges. This oblate deformation at the precipitate scale is attributed to localized temperature rise from adiabatic heating, driven by extreme plastic deformation. The effect is more pronounced at higher velocities and is spatially concentrated near the periphery of the particle–substrate interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early onset of snapping of slender beams under transverse forcing 细长梁在横向受力下的早期断裂

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102407

Colin M. Meulblok , Hadrien Bense , M. Caelen , Martin van Hecke

{"title":"Early onset of snapping of slender beams under transverse forcing","authors":"Colin M. Meulblok , Hadrien Bense , M. Caelen , Martin van Hecke","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hysteretic snapping under transverse forcing of a compressed, buckled beam is fundamental for many devices and mechanical metamaterials. For a single-tip transverse pusher, an important limitation is that snapping requires the pusher to cross the longitudinal axis of the beam. Here, we show that dual-tip pushers allow <em>early-onset snapping</em>, where the beam snaps before the pusher reaches the longitudinal axis. As a consequence, we show that when a buckled beam under increased compression comes in contact with a dual-tip pusher, it can snap to the opposite direction — this is impossible with a single-tip pusher. Additionally, we reveal a novel <em>two-step snapping</em> regime, in which the beam sequentially loses contact with the two tips of the dual-tip pusher. To characterize this class of snapping instabilities, we employ a systematic modal expansion of the beam shape. This expansion allows us to capture and analyze the transition from one-step to two-step snapping geometrically. Finally we demonstrate how to maximize the distance between the pusher and the beam’s longitudinal axis at the moment of snapping. Together, our work opens up a new avenue for quantitatively and qualitatively controlling and modifying the snapping of buckled beams, with potential applications in mechanical sensors, actuators, and metamaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracing back transient information from near-stationary random data 从近平稳随机数据追溯瞬态信息

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102408

Xi Chen , Xiaoling Jin , Yong Wang , Zhilong Huang

引用次数: 0

Effect of extreme hydrostatic pressure on ion diffusion in polymer electrolytes: Emergence of glass-transition pressure 极端静水压力对聚合物电解质中离子扩散的影响：玻璃化转变压力的出现

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102409

Zhaoxin Zhang , Weifeng Zou , Yukai Zhao , Shuze Zhu , Tiefeng Li

{"title":"Effect of extreme hydrostatic pressure on ion diffusion in polymer electrolytes: Emergence of glass-transition pressure","authors":"Zhaoxin Zhang , Weifeng Zou , Yukai Zhao , Shuze Zhu , Tiefeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer electrolytes in solid-state batteries are critical for applications demanding mechanical flexibility and tolerance. Recent research progress has underscored the potential significance of employing solid electrolytes in extreme environments, such as the high hydrostatic pressure encountered during deep-sea exploration. Consequently, understanding how extreme hydrostatic pressure affects ion diffusion in polymer electrolytes is of substantial importance. In this work, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are utilized to investigate the diffusion of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in a representative polymer electrolyte, specifically poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). We reveal a previously unreported mechanism associated with the emergence of a glass-transition pressure, above which the polymer matrix exhibits glass-like characteristics. The transport behavior of Li⁺ ions shows a distinct contrast below and beyond this critical pressure. Through theoretical scaling analysis, we show that ionic diffusivity is proportional to material volume, and is therefore governed by this same phase-transition pressure, which rationalizes our simulation results. This work provides potential guidance for understanding and designing polymer electrolytes with tolerance to extreme pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On failure mechanisms and load-parallel cracking in confined elastomeric layers 承压弹性体层破坏机制及荷载平行开裂研究

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102406

Aarosh Dahal, Aditya Kumar

{"title":"On failure mechanisms and load-parallel cracking in confined elastomeric layers","authors":"Aarosh Dahal, Aditya Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin layers of elastomers bonded to two rigid plates demonstrate unusual failure response. Historically, it has been believed that strongly-bonded layers fail by two distinct mechanisms: (i) internal/external penny-shaped crack nucleation and propagation, and (ii) cavitation, that is, cavity growth leading to fibrillation and then failure. However, recent work has demonstrated that cavitation itself is predominantly a fracture process. While the equations describing cavitation from a macroscopic or top-down view are now known and validated with experiments, several aspects of the cavitation crack growth need to be better understood. Notably, cavitation often involves through-thickness crack growth parallel to the loading direction, raising questions about when it initiates instead of the more typical penny-shaped cracks perpendicular to the load. Understanding and controlling the two vertical and horizontal crack growth is key to developing tougher soft films and adhesives. The purpose of this Letter is to provide an explanation for the load-parallel crack growth through a comprehensive numerical analysis and highlight the role of various material and geometrical parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanics of bonded sensor layers in soft tubes: Suppressing instability and failure for sensing reliability 软管中键合传感器层的力学：抑制不稳定性和失效对传感可靠性的影响

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102405

Yi Jin , Christian A. Zorman , Changyong Chase Cao

{"title":"Mechanics of bonded sensor layers in soft tubes: Suppressing instability and failure for sensing reliability","authors":"Yi Jin , Christian A. Zorman , Changyong Chase Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating sensors onto thin-walled tubular structures is of paramount importance for the advancement of smart infrastructures and facilities, enabling real-time detection of mechanical states and environmental conditions. This study systematically investigates the mechanics of bonded sensor layers in suppressing bending-induced ovalization, buckling, and failure in soft, thin-walled tubes, with the goal of enhancing sensing reliability. While significant progress has been made in understanding instability phenomena in tubular structures under mechanical loading, a critical gap remains in characterizing how bonded sensor layers influence deformation and failure mechanisms. To address this, a comprehensive parametric analysis—supported by finite element simulations and experimental validation—was conducted to evaluate the effects of four key parameters: length ratio, thickness ratio, wrapped angle, and relative stiffness. The results reveal that optimized configurations—specifically, length ratios exceeding 0.7, thickness ratios above 1.6, moderate wrapped angles (approximately 2π/3–4π/3), and relative stiffness greater than 0.03—can suppress ovalization to below 25 % in sensor-covered regions, redistribute deformation to uncovered segments, and trigger complex buckling behaviors involving multiple kinks and secondary instabilities. These thresholds mitigate localized strain concentrations, reduce the risk of sensor layer wrinkling or delamination, and preserve measurement fidelity under operational loading. The findings extend classical instability theories to hyperelastic, multilayered systems and provide practical design guidelines for sensor-integrated tubular structures. Applications include smart pipelines and conduits for structural health monitoring and environmental sensing in next-generation infrastructure systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Passive vibration isolation characteristics of negative extensibility metamaterials 负延展性超材料的被动隔振特性

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102404

Somya Ranjan Patro , Hemant Sharma , Seokgyu Yang , Jinkyu Yang

{"title":"Passive vibration isolation characteristics of negative extensibility metamaterials","authors":"Somya Ranjan Patro , Hemant Sharma , Seokgyu Yang , Jinkyu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative extensibility refers to the category of mechanical metamaterials that exhibit an unusual phenomenon where the system contracts upon tension. The dynamic analysis of such systems is crucial for exploring the vibration isolation characteristics, forming the prime focus of the present study. Inspired by Braess’s paradox, the mechanical model incorporates coupled tunable nonlinear spring stiffness properties (strain hardening and softening), which alternate when a certain displacement threshold is exceeded. This stiffness-switching mechanism facilitates wide-frequency passive vibration isolation using the phenomenon of counter-snapping instability. The vibration isolation characteristics resulting from the stiffness-switching mechanism are investigated using time- and frequency-domain plots. Furthermore, the relationship between the stiffness switching mechanism and various system parameters is visualized using a three-dimensional parametric space. The efficacy of the proposed system is evaluated by comparing it with the existing bi-stable systems, revealing superior performance in isolating high-amplitude vibrations. The proposed mechanism enhances the understanding of dynamic behaviors in critical structural elements for multi-stable mechanical metamaterials, providing insights and opportunities for innovative adaptive designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Front cover CO1 前盖CO1

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4316(25)00112-9

引用次数: 0

Ratcheting induced crack growth in semiconductor devices 半导体器件中棘轮引起的裂纹扩展

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102399

Chenghai Li , Shao-Chen Tseng , Yu Zhou , Chieh-Hao Hsu , Wei-Hsiang Tu , Kuo-Chin Chang , Jun He , Zhigang Suo

{"title":"Ratcheting induced crack growth in semiconductor devices","authors":"Chenghai Li , Shao-Chen Tseng , Yu Zhou , Chieh-Hao Hsu , Wei-Hsiang Tu , Kuo-Chin Chang , Jun He , Zhigang Suo","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semiconductor devices integrate dissimilar materials, including semiconductors, ceramics, metals, and polymers. These materials have different coefficients of thermal expansion, so that the devices develop stresses when temperature changes. Here we study a failure mode caused by cyclic changes in temperature. Under certain conditions, thermal cycling causes a metal to accumulate plastic deformation cycle by cycle, a phenomenon called ratcheting. The ratcheting in the metal can drive a crack to grow in a nearby brittle material. We simulate a representative structure using the finite element method. As the temperature cycles, the plastic deformation in the metal ratchets, and the energy release rate of the crack in the brittle material increases. After a large number of temperature cycles, the metal no longer ratchets, and the energy release rate plateaus. We find that this plateau is well approximated by the energy release rate in a structure where the metal is replaced by a void, calculated by a monotonic change in temperature. This simplification reduces computational cost for modeling ratcheting induced cracking. We also examine the effects of material and geometric parameters. It is hoped that this study will aid the design of semiconductor devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pull-in instability of droplet amplified electrostatic actuators considering dielectric barrier discharge 考虑介质阻挡放电的液滴放大静电致动器的拉入不稳定性

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102398

Delei Qin , Jianglong Guo , Yanju Liu , Jinsong Leng

{"title":"Pull-in instability of droplet amplified electrostatic actuators considering dielectric barrier discharge","authors":"Delei Qin , Jianglong Guo , Yanju Liu , Jinsong Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid-amplified electrostatic actuators can generate greater forces than conventional ones which use air as the dielectric between two electrodes. Dielectric droplet amplified electrostatic actuators, a major type of liquid amplified electrostatic actuator, can be used to provide powerful, fast, energy-efficient, and lightweight actuations. However, the mechanical response of droplet amplified electrostatic actuator and the liquid amplification mechanism remain unexplored in a comprehensive way. Here we present a quasi-static model for droplet amplified electrostatic actuators considering dielectric barrier discharge and capillary force. The Galerkin method and the Newton method were used to numerically solve the model. A customized pull-in voltage measurement setup was established to verify the numerical results and the main influencing parameters were studied. The experimentally validated model can be used to accurately predict the quasi-static response and pull-in voltage of droplet amplified electrostatic actuators. This work highlights that the liquid amplification comes mainly from higher permittivity than air, dielectric barrier discharge elimination, and capillary force, due to the use of liquid dielectrics instead of air. The results in this work may provide useful insights into droplet amplified electrostatic actuator structural optimization, control, and application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0