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IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4316(25)00040-9

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Elastocapillary deformation prevents interfacial water trapping in underwater contact

IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102326

Qihan Liu , M. Ravi Shankar

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The mapping relationship between initiator and mechanical properties of free radical polymerized hydrogels

IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102327

Yujun Guo , Heng Zhu , Zhe Chen , Shaoxing Qu

{"title":"The mapping relationship between initiator and mechanical properties of free radical polymerized hydrogels","authors":"Yujun Guo , Heng Zhu , Zhe Chen , Shaoxing Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the hydrogels are formed by free radical polymerization of the precursor solution containing monomer, crosslinker, initiator, and water. The change of any one of the components will affect the final network structure, which will lead to different mechanical properties. Although the initiator plays a key role in the synthesis of hydrogels, the mapping relationship between the initiator and the mechanical properties of hydrogels has not been well explained. In this paper, a polyacrylamide hydrogel with high water content is taken as the research object. The influence of the initiator on the elastic modulus and toughness of the hydrogel is analyzed experimentally and theoretically. In theory, we reveal the microscopic mechanism of the initiator on the evolution of the network structure. By taking the kinetic chain length as an intermediate variable, a mechanochemical coupling model is developed to predict the relationship between the initiator and the elastic modulus. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results. Furthermore, we find that initiators can tune the modulus of hydrogels, but have little effect on toughness. These mechanical changes induced by initiators provide more options for hydrogel applications. And utilizing the kinetic chain length as a characteristic parameter for the evolution of the network helps elucidate the impact of free radical polymerization reactions on macroscopic mechanical behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Unitary mechanical metamaterials with embedded one-qubit logic

IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102330

Eduard G. Karpov, Kazi A. Rahman

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Mechanics of out-of-plane screw dislocation in a 2D material

IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102320

Moon-ki Choi , Harley T. Johnson

{"title":"Mechanics of out-of-plane screw dislocation in a 2D material","authors":"Moon-ki Choi , Harley T. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the mechanics of out-of-plane screw dislocations in two-dimensional (2D) materials using elastic membrane theory and atomistic simulations. Through elastic membrane theory, we derive a closed-form equation for the excess energy of the out-of-plane screw dislocation, revealing that the strain associated with the dislocation in a 2D material diminishes more rapidly with distance compared to that in a bulk material. We utilize this equation to compute energy profiles of out-of-plane screw dislocations in graphene. Various core radii across Burgers vectors (i.e., number of layers) under conditions with and without hydrogen termination on the dislocation core are considered, and computed energies are validated by atomistic simulations. Our results show that the screw dislocation core has a finite core radius which increases as the Burgers vector increases to avoid a high stress concentration at the dislocation core, thereby minimizing the total energy. Furthermore, we extend our theory to include the interaction between screw dislocations in a dipole configuration. Simulation results indicate that the relaxation narrows a high-strain concentration region near the dislocation core, where the interaction energy becomes negligible. Additionally, we examine the influence of out-of-plane screw dislocations on alternating twisted multilayer graphene. Our results reveal that the screw dislocation induces additional in-plane strain on the structure near the dislocation core, but that this additional strain is confined to within 2 nm of the dislocation core.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Layer-jamming soft gripper for improved stiffness control and underwater adhesion

IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102322

Minseong Kim, Junyeock Oh, Donghoon Son

{"title":"Layer-jamming soft gripper for improved stiffness control and underwater adhesion","authors":"Minseong Kim, Junyeock Oh, Donghoon Son","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft robotic grippers have attracted significant attention due to their lightweight, simple structures, and versatile applications. Especially, soft suction cups (SSCs) are generally used for their low energy consumption and a high lifting ratio. However, they encounter challenges for mitigating a trade-off between conformability and adhesion performance and applications for the wet conditions. This paper introduces the layer-jamming soft gripper (LJSG), a novel design that significantly enhances adhesion while maintaining adaptive conformability and demonstrates effective underwater adhesion. Notably, the LJSG is resistant to hydraulic leakage due to a protective membrane attached to its body. Additionally, our design concurrently enhances adhesion capability with layer-jamming mechanism compared to conventional SSCs and mitigates the impact of unjammed layers on conformability by incorporating an interval to reduce required preload for interfacial adaptation. These features collectively enable the LJSG to demonstrate reliable performance in grasping diverse objects underwater. We elucidate the layer-jamming mechanism and demonstrate how jammed layers enhance maximum pull-off force by analytical method, numerical method, and experiments. The LJSG shows 300 % adhesion improvement than previous SSCs via the experiments, while 290 % from the analytical method and 245 % from the numerical method. The experiments also demonstrate that LJSG has an enhanced capability for gripping curved objects. This design can be applicable for grasping objects regardless of their curvatures and sizes. Hence, these findings underscore LJSG’s potential for diverse applications, particularly in challenging underwater environments, and position it as a viable solution for adaptive, high-performance soft robotic adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time generative design of diverse optimized structures with controllable structural complexities and high quality

IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102321

Zongliang Du , Xinyu Ma , Wenyu Hao , Yuan Liang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Hongzhi Luo , Xu Guo

引用次数: 0

Brittle fracture of ultrathin gold nanosheets induced by local phase change and energy dissipation

IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102323

Jieun Park , Guh-Hwan Lim , Dayoung Yoo , Tae-Hoon Kim , Jong-Man Kim , Cheol-Woong Yang , Joonkyung Jang , Yoon Suk Choi , Byunkwon Lim , Jeffrey W. Kysar , Dongyun Lee

{"title":"Brittle fracture of ultrathin gold nanosheets induced by local phase change and energy dissipation","authors":"Jieun Park , Guh-Hwan Lim , Dayoung Yoo , Tae-Hoon Kim , Jong-Man Kim , Cheol-Woong Yang , Joonkyung Jang , Yoon Suk Choi , Byunkwon Lim , Jeffrey W. Kysar , Dongyun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metals with a face-centered cubic (<em>fcc</em>) structure, such as gold (Au), are generally known for their excellent ductility. However, in this study, we observed a novel brittle fracture behavior in ultrathin Au nanosheets with a thickness of approximately 15 nm and a diagonal length of up to 80 μm, synthesized via an aqueous solution method. Nanoindentation experiments on these nanosheets revealed a unique fracture pattern, characterized by crack propagation at angles of 120° from the indentation point. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations replicated this unusual behavior, attributing it to a localized phase transformation from the <em>fcc</em> to hexagonal close-packed (<em>hcp</em>) structure under external stress. We hypothesize that this phase transition is initiated by stacking faults introduced during the nanosheet fabrication process. The observed brittle fracture is further influenced by an energy dissipation mechanism, as evidenced by the formation of slip lines around the fracture site. Our findings suggest that even in ductile metals like Au, brittle fracture can occur due to localized phase changes and energy dissipation. This study provides new insights into the mechanical behavior of ultrathin Au nanosheets, with implications for their application in nanoelectronics and other advanced technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Simple models of viscoelastic fibrillar adhesion to a rigid sphere

IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102316

X.M. Liang , G.F. Wang , M. Ciavarella

{"title":"Simple models of viscoelastic fibrillar adhesion to a rigid sphere","authors":"X.M. Liang , G.F. Wang , M. Ciavarella","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SPG (Schargott–Popov–Gorb) model of independent elastic fibrils in adhesive contact with a rigid sphere is a simple model of bioinspired adhesives, which with remarkable simplicity explains the preload dependence of pull-off and saturation when the compressive force is sufficiently high. However, typical materials of fibrils are viscoelastic, so we extend the model to consider viscoelastic behavior using a standard material model for each fibril. We use for the condition of nucleation of fibril detachment either the classical Schapery model or a more recent proposal by Shrimali and Lopez-Pamies. In either case, starting from a relaxed compressive contact, we find that the pull-off force also strongly depends on preload and is amplified by faster unloading rates, very differently for the two theories. A propagation theory follows for the Schapery model which seems to link the effective work of adhesion on contact retraction speed where the characteristic velocity has however nothing to do with the classical Schapery propagation theory, whereas the Shrimali and Lopez-Pamies model leads to detachment without a real prior phase of propagation. Some results are compared with those in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programming the energy landscape of 3D-printed Kresling origami via crease geometry and viscosity

IF 4.3 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102314

Samantha Mora , Nicola M. Pugno , Diego Misseroni

引用次数: 0