Extreme Mechanics Letters最新文献_第2页

Effects of electrolyte infiltration on the cracking of active materials in lithium-ion batteries 电解液浸润对锂离子电池活性物质开裂的影响

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2026.102452

Yisen Peng , Feng Hao

{"title":"Effects of electrolyte infiltration on the cracking of active materials in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yisen Peng , Feng Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cracking of electrode active materials causes capacity fade that is one of the bottlenecks in high-performance battery design. Electrolyte infiltrates surface cracks, increasing electrochemically active area and offering fast pathways for lithium-ion insertion/extraction, while interior cracks hinder lithium-ion diffusion within active materials. However, the theoretical model is still lacking to differentiate electrolyte infiltration into surface crack and interior crack. Herein, a chemo-mechanical phase field model coupling the modified smoothed boundary method (SBM) is established to investigate the effect of electrolyte infiltration on chemo-mechanical responses. Within a unified framework, the proposed model captures the coupled processes of electrolyte infiltration and crack growth by distinguishing between interior and surface cracks and tracking the electrolyte-active material interface. It is found that surface cracks infiltrated by electrolyte enhance the accumulation of lithium ions and stress concentration at the crack tip, which further accelerates fracture propagation. The freshly exposed crack surfaces in turn enable more electrochemical reaction sites and improve rate capability, although the cracks destroy the mechanical integrity of active materials. The voltage jump could be induced by coalescence of surface and interior cracks, accompanying by electrolyte penetration. The proposed model provides insights into the complex interaction of electrolyte infiltration, lithium-ion diffusion, stress evolution, and fracture propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physics-informed neural networks for bulge test modeling of general anisotropic two-dimensional crystalline materials with decoupled elasticity 具有解耦弹性的一般各向异性二维晶体材料膨胀试验建模的物理信息神经网络

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2026.102457

Yichen Zheng , Kai Kang , Zaiyu Zhang , Huichao Liu , Yilun Liu , Yan Chen

{"title":"Physics-informed neural networks for bulge test modeling of general anisotropic two-dimensional crystalline materials with decoupled elasticity","authors":"Yichen Zheng , Kai Kang , Zaiyu Zhang , Huichao Liu , Yilun Liu , Yan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) crystalline materials have great potential for flexible electronics and strain engineering, but their mechanical characterization via bulge testing is challenging: commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) cannot fully capture decoupled in-plane and out-of-plane stiffnesses or complex constitutive behaviors, and analytical solutions are intractable for anisotropic crystals with irregular geometries. Here, we develop a physics-informed neural network (PINNs) framework for 2D material bulge testing, combining modified Föppl-von Kármán theory with energy-based loss functions to capture arbitrary symmetries and decoupled elasticity. Our approach achieves high accuracy while revealing symmetry-dependent behaviors: square materials (Mn₂S₂) demonstrate nearly isotropic deformation, rectangular materials (black phosphorene) show strong directional anisotropy, and oblique materials (PdCdCl₄) display asymmetric deformation from stretch–shear coupling. The framework accommodates both linear and nonlinear constitutive behaviors, with nonlinear effects in graphene enhancing bubble expansion due to negative higher-order elastic constants, and also adapts to various bubble geometries by configurable sampling and boundary conditions. This computationally efficient framework addresses the longstanding limitations of commercial software in 2D material modeling and lays a foundation for further studies of inverse analysis. All code and data are available at <span><span>https://github.com/YanChen32/PINNs_bulge_tests.git</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Velocity-controlled acoustic tweezers based on beat-frequency modulated surface acoustic waves for programmable particle manipulation 基于热频调制表面声波的可编程粒子操纵速度控制声镊

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2026.102451

Duo Xu , Lin Wu , Yuyang Lin , Chunyu Xu , Yongmao Pei

{"title":"Velocity-controlled acoustic tweezers based on beat-frequency modulated surface acoustic waves for programmable particle manipulation","authors":"Duo Xu , Lin Wu , Yuyang Lin , Chunyu Xu , Yongmao Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving continuous, real-time control over particle velocity, not merely position, represents a fundamental challenge in acoustic tweezers technology. While substantial research has focused on precise dynamic manipulation, most platforms lack the simplicity and versatility for direct velocity command. Here, we introduce a velocity-controlled acoustic tweezers platform based on beat-frequency modulated surface acoustic waves (SAWs). This system translates a single, straightforward input—frequency difference—into a precise and direct particle velocity output. We demonstrate precise velocity control for diverse modes of motion, including uniform motion and accelerated motion, precise angular steering at arbitrary orientations, and the execution of complex programmable trajectories (e.g., Lissajous curves). In contrast to phase modulation, which achieve particle manipulation through discrete positional updates, the beat-frequency modulation approach establishes a direct and continuous command over particle velocity, fundamentally simplifying the paradigm of velocity control. We also induced bubble cluster oscillation via beat-frequency modulation. This work establishes a simple (utilizing frequency difference as the sole control parameter) yet powerful framework for direct velocity manipulation, with promising applications in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aperiodic minimal surfaces for high toughness metamaterials 高韧性超材料的非周期极小表面

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2026.102447

Stephen Daynes

{"title":"Aperiodic minimal surfaces for high toughness metamaterials","authors":"Stephen Daynes","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Architected materials based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) offer excellent stiffness–weight efficiency but often suffer from anisotropic behaviour and preferential crack paths imposed by their underlying symmetry. This work introduces a new class of aperiodic minimal surface metamaterials constructed through a boundary method-based minimal surface formulation. These geometries preserve continuous curvature while embedding long-range structural disorder, enabling manufacturable three-dimensional metamaterials without repeating units or inter-cell discontinuities. Using a combination of additive manufacturing, mechanical testing, and continuum damage finite element analysis, it is shown that the aperiodic Vertices and Edges-connected topologies achieve 40–80 % higher stiffness, 30–40 % greater strength, and up to 50 % higher toughness. Toughness improvements are driven by the designs’ inherently irregular curvature networks that suppress aligned weakness planes and promote highly tortuous crack paths. Unlike TPMS, which display strong orientation-dependent response, the aperiodic architectures show near-isotropic behaviour under 0° and 45° domain rotations. The results demonstrate that geometric aperiodicity provides an effective route to improving flaw tolerance, delaying catastrophic crack propagation, and achieving superior toughness in minimal surface-based metamaterials. This establishes a design framework for next-generation tough, lightweight structures leveraging aperiodic minimal geometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unified data-driven constitutive modeling of mechanical metamaterials across truss, shell, and plate topologies 跨桁架、壳和板拓扑结构的统一数据驱动的机械超材料本构建模

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2025.102438

Paul P. Meyer, Thomas Tancogne-Dejean, Dirk Mohr

{"title":"Unified data-driven constitutive modeling of mechanical metamaterials across truss, shell, and plate topologies","authors":"Paul P. Meyer, Thomas Tancogne-Dejean, Dirk Mohr","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2025.102438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The macroscopic large deformation response of mechanical metamaterials is governed by the stress distribution within their evolving mesostructures in addition to the elasto-plastic behavior of their constituent solid phase. As a consequence, their homogenized stress-strain response exhibits features of combined isotropic, kinematic and distortional hardening. To investigate the mechanical behavior of lattice materials, we build finite element models of the representative unit cell (RUC) of truss, shell and plate lattices of cubic symmetry. Training data sets are generated comprised of random walk type of strain paths in 6D (input sequences) and the corresponding macroscopic stress histories (output sequences). A comprehensive hyperparameter study exploring the effects of network architecture, training data set size and strain path characteristics, revealed that a compact minimal state cell (MSC) model with only 5000 parameters achieves excellent generalization after training on merely 6000 sequences. Using the same fixed architecture, the model is successfully trained and validated for FCC-truss lattices, BCC-shell lattices and FCC/SC-plate lattices. For reference, the anisotropic Deshpande-Fleck plasticity model is calibrated to the same data. The comparison illustrates the remarkably high predictive accuracy of the data-driven framework, demonstrating its potential as general surrogate modeling strategy for complex lattice metamaterials. The MSC model’s applicability to large-scale analysis is also demonstrated through hemispherical punch indentation, where MSC simulations with a few thousand solid elements reproduce the response of a detailed shell model with millions of elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Customizable fracture resistance curve of gradient soft composites 可定制的梯度软复合材料断裂抗力曲线

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2026.102462

Xiang Wu, Xiao Li, Shuo Sun, Zhaoyang Hou, Zhengjin Wang

{"title":"Customizable fracture resistance curve of gradient soft composites","authors":"Xiang Wu, Xiao Li, Shuo Sun, Zhaoyang Hou, Zhengjin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological fibrous materials exhibiting exceptional fracture and fatigue resistance are predominantly characterized by gradient heterogeneous structures. In recent years, great attention has been paid on how heterogeneity enhances the fracture resistance of materials. However, it remains unclear how the gradient in heterogeneous structures affects the fracture process of materials. Here we show the asymmetric fracture behavior of gradient fiber reinforced soft composites and a roadmap to customize the fracture resistance curve. We develop a nonlinear shear-lag model for the gradient composites and obtain the crack tip field. We find that the crack tip field is only related to the geometric and material parameters of the local region around the crack tip, almost independent of gradient in composites. Therefore, the fracture process of gradient composites can be regarded as a successive fracture of non-gradient composites. We propose a semi-empirical formula that bridges the fracture energy of non-gradient composites with their geometric and material parameters, and construct a framework for the inverse design of gradient composites with customized R-curves. This work enhances our understanding on fracture mechanism of biological materials and provides a practical design strategy for gradient structures with on-demand fracture behavior, paving the way for the active control of crack propagation, which enables early detection of impending catastrophic failure and enhances structural reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wall-to-wall adhesion for cellular substrates 细胞基质的壁对壁粘附

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2026.102461

Feng Zhu , Jiawei Zhang , Kaimei Bao , Yinji Ma

{"title":"Wall-to-wall adhesion for cellular substrates","authors":"Feng Zhu , Jiawei Zhang , Kaimei Bao , Yinji Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cellular substrates enhance stretchability and allow bio-fluids to pass through the substrates, thus having extensive applications for flexible electronics and bioelectronics. Wall-to-wall adhesion is a common problem encountered during the utilization of the cellular substrates, primarily attributable to the materials’ inherent adhesiveness and low modulus. In this paper, finite element analysis (FEA) is utilized to simulate the wall-to-wall adhesion process of the cellular substrates with the angles from 80<sup>°</sup> to 140 by considering the deformation energy and the adhesion energy. Upon normalization, a scaling law that can determine whether adhesion occurs has been derived. When the normalized work of adhesion is above the critical normalized work of adhesion, adhesion occurs. Otherwise, it does not. Experimental were conducted on the cellular substrates with different angles and materials, and the results agree well with finite element analysis. This study not only reveals the mechanism of adhesion in cellular substrates but also provides practical guidance for the application of cellular substrates in flexible electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102461"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blister deformation and interlayer delamination in shaft-loaded bilayer films 轴载双层薄膜中的泡罩变形和层间分层

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2026.102458

Ce Sun, Jian Sun, Jinsong Leng

引用次数: 0

Bistable electrostatic soft actuator 双稳态静电软执行器

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2026.102459

Haolang Zhu , Budimir Rosic , Majid Taghavi

{"title":"Bistable electrostatic soft actuator","authors":"Haolang Zhu , Budimir Rosic , Majid Taghavi","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multistable structures are widely utilized to enhance the performance of soft actuators by harnessing the elastic deformation of materials to efficiently store and release potential energy rapidly. They allow actuators to deliver high-speed, powerful motions while maintaining adaptability to dynamically changing environments. In this work, we present a bistable electrostatic soft actuator inspired by the flipping mechanism of hair clips, integrating the benefits of electrostatic actuation with a multistable structure. The actuator utilizes lightweight electro-ribbon actuators to rapidly transition between two symmetric stable states in 0.15 s, achieving peak tip velocities of up to 5.0 m/s. The performance of the actuator can be accurately predicted using finite element simulation and effectively customized for specific needs by adjusting the independent actuation and the flipping structure’s parameters. With its combination of lightweight, high speed, efficiency, and design flexibility, the actuator shows great potential for various applications, such as high-speed grippers and jumping robots. It has been particularly demonstrated as a soft propulsion mechanism in liquid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal rotation behavior of 3D bimaterial bending-dominated chiral metamaterials 三维双材料弯曲主导手性超材料的热旋转行为

IF 4.5 3区工程技术

Extreme Mechanics Letters Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2026.102453

Yi Zhang , Wei Zhong Jiang , Xue Gang Zhang , Hui Chen Luo , Xiang Jie Wei , Han Yan , Jun Dong , Xin Ren

{"title":"Thermal rotation behavior of 3D bimaterial bending-dominated chiral metamaterials","authors":"Yi Zhang , Wei Zhong Jiang , Xue Gang Zhang , Hui Chen Luo , Xiang Jie Wei , Han Yan , Jun Dong , Xin Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eml.2026.102453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional materials exhibit uniformly positive coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). While anomalous CTE values have been documented, including negative or zero coefficients, the achievable deformation modes remain constrained to the orthogonal direction. Realizing thermally driven rotational or torsional deformation continues to present fundamental challenges. Here, we introduce a design strategy integrating thermostat metal strips into 3D chiral metamaterials. The critical geometrical parameters are analyzed numerically, including tessellating cellular numbers and strips’ relative lengths. An oil bath heating test is conducted to examine the thermal rotating effect of the assembled specimen. Results indicate that the increase in cellular number diminishes the rotating behavior. Enhancing the relevant length of metal strips will enhance intrinsic bending-driven rotating mechanisms, thereby amplifying the angle. A maximum rotating angle of 13.8° is achieved over a temperature range of 25 ℃ to 300 ℃. These findings expand the scope of thermally responsive metamaterials and show the potential application for temperature-sensitive devices in structural engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56247,"journal":{"name":"Extreme Mechanics Letters","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0