{"title":"Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Lead (II) from Water, Tea, and Linden Leaf Samples Using a Zirconium-Based Metal Organic Framework (Zr-MOF@Fe3O4) Prior to Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry","authors":"Argun Türker, Orhan Acar","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02849-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02849-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetic metal organic framework (Zr-MOF@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) was synthesized and applied as a solid-phase extractor to the separation and/or preconcentration of Pb(II) from water, tea, and linden samples prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Zr-MOF@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and BET methods. The effect of eluent, pH, stirring time, amount of adsorbent, and interfering ions was investigated. Adsorption capacity of Zr-MOF@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and mean recovery of Pb(II) were found as 312.5 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and 96 ± 3%, respectively. Detection limit (LOD), quantification limit (LOQ), and linear working range were found as 3.9 µg L<sup>−1</sup>, 13 µg L<sup>−1</sup>, and 13–5000 µg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Precision and accuracy of the method were checked by analyzing standard reference materials and spiked water samples. Both percent relative error and RSD% were less than 4% in the analysis of standard reference materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"2106 - 2119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review on Modified Methods of Chromotropic Acid for Easier Evaluation of Methanol in Alcoholic Beverages","authors":"Ali Rafizadeh, Pegah Zanjanchi, Shahab Shariati","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02843-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02843-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methanol intoxication primarily occurs through the ingestion of methanol-containing alcoholic beverages. Therefore, determining the toxic levels of methanol in these products is crucial, whether done by individuals before consuming the drink or during product quality control in the production process. This article reviews the efforts made in this field from 2000 to 2025. There are many valuable articles on the different aspects of methanol intoxication. However, our findings indicate that there are few reports on simple methods for measuring methanol in alcoholic beverages. Therefore, published articles in both English and Persian from 2000 to 2025 were included in this review. The review of the data showed that (1) some important efforts have been made for the rapid, easy, and cost-effective detection of methanol in alcoholic beverages; (2) in most of these efforts, the chromotropic acid method is used; (3) a significant portion of these attempts has been conducted by Iranian researchers; and (4) there are suitable potential methods for this purpose. The high rate of methanol poisoning in poor and developing countries is a major concern for health authorities in these countries. Efforts made in recent years have led to design different methods for the identification and measurement of methanol in alcoholic beverages before consuming. It seems their low-cost and easy application can help to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages contaminated with toxic amounts of methanol and increasing of public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"2088 - 2105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating Multi-Scale Feature Sets with Vision Transformer for Enhanced Qualitative Discrimination Pear Browning of Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Chuangfeng Huai, Wenlong Shao, Xinyu Chen, Yong Hao","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02853-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02853-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Near infrared (NIR) spectral analysis is a valuable tool for rapid sample analysis, with the potential for high accuracy in model predictions. However, the choice of spectral variables and their combinations can significantly impact the performance of these models. The integration of multi-scale spectral information through advanced fusion models offers a promising avenue for enhancing NIR analysis capabilities. In this study, we developed a novel qualitative discrimination model for pear browning using visible-near infrared spectra (Vis-NIRS). The model leverages a multi-scale convolutional layer to transform spectra into multi-scale feature sets (MFS), capturing a comprehensive range of variable combinations. By employing a vision transformer (ViT), the model adeptly captures both local and global spectral features. The results demonstrate that the MFS-ViT model demonstrated superior classification performance compared to traditional methods (PLS-DA, RF, 1DCNN) on the tested pear dataset, achieving an accuracy of 99.03% on the validation set. This high level of accuracy was consistently observed across pear datasets of varying sizes. The MFS-ViT model shows potential as a promising method in NIR spectral analysis, offering a new approach for qualitative discrimination of pear browning. Its relatively high classification accuracy and robustness across different dataset sizes suggest that it may have some potential for practical applications in agricultural and food industries. This approach could pave the way for more accurate and efficient quality assessments of perishable goods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"2051 - 2062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayat F. Hashim, Said F. Hamed, Hamdy A. Zahran, Ahmed M. Youssef
{"title":"Colorimetric Biocomposite Sensor Using Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate Film for Visual Detection of Edible Oil Deterioration","authors":"Ayat F. Hashim, Said F. Hamed, Hamdy A. Zahran, Ahmed M. Youssef","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02825-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02825-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Routine analytical techniques for assessing lipid oxidation frequently require expensive, complex equipment or intricate procedures, which restrict their use in day-to-day situations. Also, ordinary consumers could not follow up on the deterioration of household edible oils as they lack proficiency. An effective way to determine the freshness of edible oil is to look for a visual detection procedure. Aldehydes, which are significant chemicals created during the oxidation of lipids, could be employed to follow up on oil deterioration during storage. Here, a colorimetric composite sensor for aldehydes made of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate was created and used to visually detect the oxidation of edible oil. Congo red and either hydroxylamine sulfate or hydroxylamine chloride were used to manufacture the sensor. The unique reaction between hydroxylamine sulfate or hydroxylamine chloride and aldehydes releases mineral acid and lowers pH, causing Congo’s color to change from red to blue, an easy visual way to detect the aging of stored oils. The response of the hydroxylamine sulfate sensor film was more pronounced visually than that of hydroxylamine chloride. Additionally, the relationship between the sensor films’ efficacy and the concentration of hexanal or peroxide value was examined. The sensor films strongly correlated to the two major oil oxidation markers, namely, hexanal and PV of both soybean and olive oils, indicating the reliability of the colorimetric sensor with considerable potential for visual detection of edible oil oxidation.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"2076 - 2087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12161-025-02825-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panpan Dong, Fang Li, Zijian Wu, Lu Xue, Mingming Luo, Yijun Tan, Haitao Li, Xu Yang
{"title":"Liquid Exfoliated Graphene/Ti3C2 MXene Composite Based Aptasensor for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Chloramphenicol in Milk and Honey","authors":"Panpan Dong, Fang Li, Zijian Wu, Lu Xue, Mingming Luo, Yijun Tan, Haitao Li, Xu Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02856-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02856-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in animal-derived foods has the potential to accumulate in the human body during metabolism, which can result in adverse effects on human health. Herein, a novel ultrasensitive detection platform based on liquid exfoliated graphene (LEG)/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene nanocomposites modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode (LEG/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene/ITO), is proposed for the detection of CAP. The embedding of LEG into Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene can suppress the aggregation of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene flakes, which has been proven to be an effective method for improving sensing performance due to its advantages of higher specific surface area and electron transfer efficiency. The CAP-specific aptamer is immobilized on LEG/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene/ITO through π-π adsorption as the bio-recognition element. Differential pulse voltammograms are utilized to analyze the changes in peak current of the modified electrode before and after the interaction between the immobilized aptamer and CAP, achieving quantitative measurement of CAP. The prepared aptamer/LEG/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene/ITO sensor has allowed the linear concentration range of CAP from 0.001 pM to10 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.485 fM. The sensor performs well in stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Additionally, it is demonstrated successfully to detect CAP in the spiked samples of milk and honey.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"2063 - 2075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ceren Birinci, Yakup Kara, Betül Gıdık, Sevgi Kolaylı, Zehra Can
{"title":"Optimization of Phenolic Compound Extraction from Bee Products via Solvent Systems and PCA Integration","authors":"Ceren Birinci, Yakup Kara, Betül Gıdık, Sevgi Kolaylı, Zehra Can","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02846-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02846-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To achieve a highly selective and sensitive analysis of phenolic compounds in bee products (honey, bee bread, and propolis), a simultaneous quantification of 25 phenolic compounds was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. In the study, various solvents were utilized to enhance the phenolic profile of bee products, including pH 2 and 7 ultra-pure water, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. These included non-liquid–liquid extraction, pH 2 with 10 mL of pure water and 20 mL of diethyl ether; pH 2 with 10 mL of pure water and 20 mL of ethyl acetate; pH 2 with 10 mL of pure water, 10 mL of diethyl ether, and 10 mL of ethyl acetate; and pH 7 with 10 mL of pure water, 10 mL of diethyl ether, and 10 mL of ethyl acetate. Additionally, the integration of phenolic compounds identified through the enrichment method was pursued using principal component analysis (PCA). The extraction yields and recovery rates of phenolic compounds can be significantly improved by combining and integrating different extraction techniques. Our results demonstrated that using different solvent combinations significantly improved both the yield and diversity of phenolic compounds extracted from the complex matrices of bee products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"2040 - 2050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12161-025-02846-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josália L. R. Menezes, Amanda F. Lopes, Iuri M. de Melo, Tatiana Sainara M. Fernandes, Maria Edite B. da Rocha, Ronaldo F. do Nascimento
{"title":"Advances in Chlorate Determination by Ion Chromatography (IC)-Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)","authors":"Josália L. R. Menezes, Amanda F. Lopes, Iuri M. de Melo, Tatiana Sainara M. Fernandes, Maria Edite B. da Rocha, Ronaldo F. do Nascimento","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02847-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02847-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water disinfection processes are essential to ensure safety and quality for consumption, but are often associated with the formation of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, which are harmful and can impact the quality of water used in food processing. The presence of DBPs in water at levels above those permitted by government agencies can cause diarrhea and even death. In this context, the development of sensitive methods to control ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> levels in water, such as those used in food processing, is essential. The ion chromatography (IC) is a powerful tool for determining DBPs and is reported in standard methods by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to quantify these compounds in water. Thus, a new method based on SPE-IC-DC was developed to control ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> levels in water used in food processing. A factorial study was used to optimize the SPE conditions, the chromatographic conditions were adjusted, and the method was validated. The method showed good selectivity and absence of matrix effect. The detection limit by SPE-IC was approximately 200 times lower (0.2 μg/L) when compared to the direct method, while the quantification limit was approximately 166 times lower (0.6 μg/L). The method was able to quantify ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> in the samples at concentrations of 1.6 to 5.0 μg/L with adequate precision and accuracy. The results of the analysis of water samples from industrial juice processes indicated acceptable amounts of ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. The determination of ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> by SPE-IC was efficient, inexpensive, and showed higher sensitivity, which makes it promising for use in quality control in waters used in food industries.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"2025 - 2039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shikha Pandhi, Nilima Kumari, Amit Jain, Vinay Sharma
{"title":"Emerging Technologies in Food Safety: AI-Powered, Nano-enabled, and Biosensor-Based Strategies for Rapid Contaminant Detection","authors":"Shikha Pandhi, Nilima Kumari, Amit Jain, Vinay Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02844-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02844-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food safety is essential, but conventional detection techniques are slow and ineffective. New technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), nanotechnology, and biosensors allow fast, accurate, real-time contaminant identification. AI-based machine learning improves food analysis, enhances imaging methods, and combines IoT and blockchain for tracking. Nanotechnology allows ultra-sensitive detection with nanoparticle-based sensors and nanozymes. Biosensors provide specific detection of toxins, pathogens, and contaminants using enzyme-based, immunosensor, and DNA/aptamer-based technologies. Next-generation electrochemical, optical, and paper biosensors increase practical usage. Hybrid concepts such as AI-sensing nanosensors and IoT-based smart packaging have intelligent, automated responses. Challenges of scaling up, regulation, affordability, and sustainability are limitations to widespread adoption. They can be overcome with collaboration, policy structures, and public sensitization. This review aims to explore the latest advancements in food safety technologies, focusing on AI-powered, nano-enabled, and biosensor-based strategies for rapid contaminant detection. It examines how artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and biosensors transform food safety by enabling the real-time, sensitive, and accurate detection of microbial pathogens, chemical residues, allergens, and other contaminants. Additionally, it analyses recent innovations and effectiveness across different food matrices while addressing challenges such as regulatory concerns, integration barriers, and technological limitations. By providing a comprehensive evaluation of these emerging approaches, this review highlights their potential to enhance food safety monitoring, ensuring improved consumer protection and regulatory compliance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"2010 - 2024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Kardani, Tahere Khezeli, Mohammad Hashemi, Saeedeh Shariati, Masoud Mahdavinia, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori, Aniseh Zarei Jelyani, Marzieh Pashmforosh
{"title":"Fabrication of Integrated Monolithic Columns Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide-Deep Eutectic Solvents/Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework@ Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Selective Solid-Phase Extraction of Vitamins D2 and D3 from Milk and Dairy Products","authors":"Fatemeh Kardani, Tahere Khezeli, Mohammad Hashemi, Saeedeh Shariati, Masoud Mahdavinia, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori, Aniseh Zarei Jelyani, Marzieh Pashmforosh","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02836-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02836-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, solid phase extraction based on a new monolithic column named reduced graphene oxide@deep eutectic solvent-halloysite nanotube/Co<sub>0.5</sub>·ZnO<sub>0.5</sub>(MeIm)<sub>2</sub>@molecular imprinted polymer (rGO@DES-HNT/Co0.5·ZnO0.5(MeIm)<sub>2</sub>@MIP) is reported for the simultaneous extraction of vitamins D<sub>3</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> from milk and yogurt samples and their measurement by HPLC–UV. The synthesis of the adsorbent was explained step by step, and the final product was identified by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). To find optimum extraction conditions, the influences of effective variables were investigated using one factor at a time. The method had a suitable linear range (0.1–60 µg/L), a high coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>; 0.9991 and 0.9987), and a low detection limit (0.05 and 0.03 µg/L) for vitamins D2 and D3, respectively. The applicability of the method was evaluated by estimating the recovery of analytes from milk and yogurt samples. Recovery of more than 91.95% and RSDs of less than 3.4% show the acceptable accuracy and precision of the proposed method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"1995 - 2009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development, Validation, and Application of a Cold-Induced Phase Separation Method for 10 Nitroimidazole Residues in Meats and Egg","authors":"Yinglong Zhang, Guohui Du, Xinli Ding","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02845-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02845-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study developed a novel analytical method based on cold-induced phase separation (CIPS) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for simultaneous determination of 10 nitroimidazoles (NIMs) in various animal-derived food matrices, such as pork, chicken, egg, beef, and mutton. Systematic optimization of critical parameters (acetonitrile/water ratio 8:2 v/v, neutral pH) yielded excellent analytical performance, with quantification limits (LOQs) of 0.1–0.5 μg/kg, recoveries of 78.0–106.5%, and relative standard deviations below 20%, fully compliant with the Codex Alimentarius standards. The CIPS technique effectively precipitated lipids and polar interferents through freezing, significantly reducing co-extractive interference and maintaining matrix effects (MEs) within − 13 to 15.6%, thereby enabling accurate quantification without matrix-matched calibration while improving throughput and reducing costs. Method validation demonstrated excellent applicability and reliability across different matrices. The simple, low-cost method provides an efficient solution for monitoring trace NIMs in animal-derived foods, demonstrating potential for food safety applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 9","pages":"1981 - 1994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}