Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences最新文献_第5页

Does cognitive control have a general stability/flexibility tradeoff problem? 认知控制是否存在普遍的稳定性/灵活性权衡问题？

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101389

Ulrich Mayr, Dominik Grätz

引用次数: 0

Prefrontal cortex drives the flexibility of whole-brain orchestration of cognition 前额叶皮层推动全脑协调认知的灵活性

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101394

Morten L Kringelbach , Gustavo Deco

{"title":"Prefrontal cortex drives the flexibility of whole-brain orchestration of cognition","authors":"Morten L Kringelbach , Gustavo Deco","doi":"10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The brain is hierarchically organised across many levels, from the underlying anatomical connectivity to the resulting functional dynamics, which supports the necessary orchestration to ensure sufficient cognitive and behavioural flexibility. Here, we show how two emerging frameworks have been used to determine the brain’s functional hierarchy and its reconfiguration in different cognitive tasks. One study used direct estimation of the information flow across a whole experiment to reveal the common top hierarchical regions orchestrating brain dynamics across rest and seven cognitive tasks. Another study used complementary, indirect spatiotemporal measures defining hierarchy as the asymmetry in the directionality of information flow to identify a set of regions within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that serve as the common, unifying drivers of brain dynamics during tasks. Overall, these studies are beginning to reveal the orchestration of whole-brain dynamics and how specific PFC regions are key to driving our cognitive and behavioural flexibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56191,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154624000457/pdfft?md5=cbaa4ac1ccb613a982d3cac30e4a5eb5&pid=1-s2.0-S2352154624000457-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140641416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radical flexibility of neural representation in frontoparietal cortex and the challenge of linking it to behaviour 顶叶皮层神经表征的激进灵活性以及将其与行为联系起来的挑战

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101392

Yuena Zheng, Runhao Lu, Alexandra Woolgar

引用次数: 0

Diversity of the nature of input and output signals in the cerebellum suggests a diversity of function 小脑输入和输出信号性质的多样性表明功能的多样性

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101386

Jean-Jacque Orban de Xivry , Jörn Diedrichsen

引用次数: 0

Stress, resilience, and coping resources in the context of war, terror, and migration 战争、恐怖和移民背景下的压力、复原力和应对资源

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101393

Ralf Schwarzer

{"title":"Stress, resilience, and coping resources in the context of war, terror, and migration","authors":"Ralf Schwarzer","doi":"10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within the transactional framework of stress, resilience may be conceptualized as a dynamic process wherein individuals, when confronted with adversity, utilize both internal and external coping resources. This article focuses on two resources, namely self-efficacy and social support, examining their roles in the context of war, terrorism, and forced migration. These resources are perceived as protective factors capable of mitigating the impact of adversity and aiding in the recovery from traumatic experiences. They facilitate individuals in reshaping their perspectives and engaging in cognitive restructuring as integral components of the coping process, ultimately leading to a rebound from adversity or even the development of higher levels of functioning post trauma.</p><p>When scrutinizing the trajectories of coping resources over time, distinct mechanisms may come to the fore. A causation model posits a positive effect of resources on recovery outcomes, while an erosion model elucidates the wear and tear that ongoing adversity may inflict upon these resources.</p><p>In exploring the interplay between self-efficacy and social support within the resilience process, diverse mechanisms may emerge. These include the enabling effect, where support enhances self-efficacy, and the cultivation effect, wherein self-efficacy contributes to the development of robust social networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56191,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154624000445/pdfft?md5=ddba0e50250a2e5e2d38020ebf50e5aa&pid=1-s2.0-S2352154624000445-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The vertebrate retina: a window into the evolution of computation in the brain 脊椎动物视网膜：大脑计算进化的窗口

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101391

Tom Baden

{"title":"The vertebrate retina: a window into the evolution of computation in the brain","authors":"Tom Baden","doi":"10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Animal brains are probably the most complex computational machines on our planet, and like everything in biology, they are the product of evolution. Advances in developmental and palaeobiology have been expanding our general understanding of how nervous systems can change at a molecular and structural level. However, how these changes translate into altered function — that is, into ‘computation’ — remains comparatively sparsely explored. What, concretely, does it mean for neuronal computation when neurons change their morphology and connectivity, when new neurons appear or old ones disappear, or when transmitter systems are slowly modified over many generations? And how does evolution use these many possible knobs and dials to constantly tune computation to give rise to the amazing diversity in animal behaviours we see today? Addressing these major gaps of understanding benefits from choosing a suitable model system. Here, I present the vertebrate retina as one perhaps unusually promising candidate.</p><p>The retina is ancient and displays highly conserved core organisational principles across the entire vertebrate lineage, alongside a myriad of adjustments across extant species that were shaped by the history of their visual ecology. Moreover, the computational logic of the retina is readily interrogated experimentally, and our existing understanding of retinal circuits in a handful of species can serve as an anchor when exploring the visual circuit adaptations across the entire vertebrate tree of life, from fish deep in the aphotic zone of the oceans to eagles soaring high up in the sky.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56191,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154624000421/pdfft?md5=75955fd2acbd217aacdc40ff045bcede&pid=1-s2.0-S2352154624000421-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140604959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognition is an emergent property 认知是一种新出现的属性

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101388

Earl K Miller , Scott L Brincat , Jefferson E Roy

引用次数: 0

How do alterations of the basal ganglia affect procedural memory in Tourette syndrome? 基底神经节的改变如何影响图雷特综合征的程序性记忆？

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101376

Eszter Tóth-Fáber , Karolina Janacsek , Dezso Nemeth

{"title":"How do alterations of the basal ganglia affect procedural memory in Tourette syndrome?","authors":"Eszter Tóth-Fáber , Karolina Janacsek , Dezso Nemeth","doi":"10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive movements and vocalizations called tics, which are linked to alterations in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) circuits. CBGTC circuits also play a key role in procedural memory, which is a fundamental human ability that enables us to extract repeating patterns from the environment and underlies skill-based and habitual behavior. The present review summarizes findings on procedural memory in TS, with a focus on more recent studies probing the acquisition and consolidation of procedural knowledge in TS. The review reveals mixed findings; some aspects of procedural memory seem to be impaired in TS, whereas other aspects appear intact or even enhanced. We discuss these results in relation to alterations in the CBGTC circuits in TS, suggest reasons for potential inconsistencies across studies, and propose directions for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56191,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154624000275/pdfft?md5=7c19e6027a946cf1c369533b20b0ac6e&pid=1-s2.0-S2352154624000275-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transdiagnostic emergence of cerebellar abnormalities: implications for cerebellar contributions to psychopathology 小脑异常的跨诊断出现：小脑对精神病理学的影响

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101354

Jerillyn S Kent

{"title":"Transdiagnostic emergence of cerebellar abnormalities: implications for cerebellar contributions to psychopathology","authors":"Jerillyn S Kent","doi":"10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper contends with the emerging pattern of cerebellar abnormalities being reported across a diverse array of clinical phenotypes in terms of what this means regarding cerebellar involvement in psychopathology. This question of the functional significance of transdiagnostic cerebellar abnormalities is explored through three different lenses. First, recent advances in cerebellar functional neuroanatomy and cerebellar cognitive neuroscience are reviewed, providing an account of recent progress made in understanding cerebellar contributions to ‘nonmotor’ functions. Next, conceptual and methodological pitfalls in trying to integrate cerebellar findings at the level of diagnostic group are discussed, as are examples of recent studies inspired by the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria in their interrogation of cerebellar abnormalities transdiagnostically. Finally, arguably even thornier complexities and knowledge gaps related to more squarely mechanistic questions regarding the role of the cerebellum in psychopathology are grappled with, and recent advances in the literature relevant to these issues are also highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56191,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140546177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The interplay between subcortical and prefrontal brain structures in shaping ideological belief formation and updating 皮层下和前额叶大脑结构在形成和更新意识形态信念中的相互作用

IF 5 2区心理学

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101385

Dezső Németh , Teodóra Vékony , Gábor Orosz , Zoltán Sarnyai , Leor Zmigrod

{"title":"The interplay between subcortical and prefrontal brain structures in shaping ideological belief formation and updating","authors":"Dezső Németh , Teodóra Vékony , Gábor Orosz , Zoltán Sarnyai , Leor Zmigrod","doi":"10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>History illustrates that economic crises and other sociopolitical threats often lead to a rise of polarization and radicalism, whereby people become more susceptible to intolerant political messages, including propaganda and ideological rhetoric. Political science, sociology, economics, and psychology have explored many dimensions of this phenomenon, yet a critical piece of the puzzle is still missing: what cognitive and neural mechanisms in the brain mediate between these threats and responsiveness to political messages? To answer this question, here, we present a theory that combines cognitive neuroscience theories, namely stress-induced memory shift and competitive cognitive processes, with political science. Our Threat-based Neural Switch Theory posits that the processing of political information, similarly to other information processing, is shaped by the competitive interaction between goal-directed and habitual processes. Threats, including resource overload or scarcity, can shift neural networks toward receptiveness to oversimplified political messages. This theory sets out a research program aimed at discovering the cognitive and neural underpinning of how situational factors alter brain functions and modify political information processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56191,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140546176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0