Safety and Health at Work最新文献

{"title":"Ineffectiveness of Water Mist Spray to the Upper Body of Healthy Adults in Suppressing Core Temperature Under Windless Environment","authors":"Kimie Fukuzawa ,&nbsp;Kimiyo Mori ,&nbsp;Kahori Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Riho Tanaka ,&nbsp;Chikage Nagano ,&nbsp;Seichi Horie","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Global warming has increased heat-related illness concerns. Water misting is used for workplace cooling, but its effect on core body temperature is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined whether spraying water mist on the upper body suppresses the increase in core body temperature in hot and humid environments. Nine healthy adult men exercised for 60 min on a bicycle ergometer at four metabolic equivalents under two conditions: warm-humid environment (30 °C ambient temperature [T_a], 85% relative humidity [RH]) and hot-dry (HD) environment (40 °C T_a, 30% RH). Water mist (MIST) or no mist (CON) was applied to the back of the head, neck, and dorsum of hands every 10 min.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Rectal temperature changes were similar between conditions, but peak temperatures were slightly higher with MIST (38.32°C vs. 38.14°C, <em>p</em> = 0.074) in HD environments. The estimated sweat volume was lower with MIST, especially in HD settings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Water mist does not prevent core temperature increases and should be avoided in extremely hot environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 341-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Hazards in Lead-acid Battery Factories in Bangladesh: Assessing Excess Heat, Noise, Chemical Exposures, and Health Impacts on Workers","authors":"Shobhan Das ,&nbsp;Tilak C. Nath ,&nbsp;Matiur Rahman ,&nbsp;Jamal Uddin ,&nbsp;Naznin Naher ,&nbsp;Margia Akter ,&nbsp;Masudur Rahman ,&nbsp;Atin Adhikari","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lead-acid battery (LAB) manufacturing is growing in Bangladesh because of the expanding automotive industry and low lead prices. Although these factories employ a big workforce, the working environment has led to concerns about the possible health risks for employees. This study aimed to address this issue by investigating workplace chemical and physical hazards in three LAB industries and evaluating health outcomes among workers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 72 LAB factory workers, and participants were recruited by simple random sampling. A validated questionnaire was used to collect information on self-reported exposures to physical and chemical risks and related health effects. Data analysis was performed by using statistical software SPSS version 25.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The age and work experience (Mean ± SD) of the participants were 34.2 ± 7.7 and 10.0 ± 5.7 years, respectively. High workplace temperature and noise from machinery, chemical odors, and skin exposure to acid (H₂SO₄) were reported by 52.8%, 51.4%, and 20.8% of workers, respectively. Insomnia (25.0%), abdominal pain (18.1%), joint pain (38.9%), memory loss (19.4%), headache (15.3%), low back pain (47.2%), eyesight problem (19.4%), physical weakness (47.2%), and hypertension (19.4%) were all common symptoms among the workers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study findings indicate that workers in LAB factories in Bangladesh are exposed to extreme temperatures, hazardous materials, and uncomfortable levels of noise, which can lead to serious health risks. To ensure the safety and well-being of employees, the LAB manufacturing sector in Bangladesh requires the immediate implementation of proper occupational health and safety standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 289-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of the Factors that Influence Welding Fume Exposure via ART Modelling","authors":"Wei Jiang,&nbsp;Yuan Xu,&nbsp;Mengqi Zhang,&nbsp;Shengxiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Welding fumes from industrial operations pose serious health risks. This study aimed to investigate the factors driving changes in welding fume exposure by analyzing key factors using the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) for dust exposure assessment in building materials enterprises.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The dust exposure of 18 building materials enterprises was compared using ART model assessments and measured data. Multiple covariance analysis identified key influencing factors consistent with field conditions. Finally, correlation and regression analyses evaluated the relationships between these factors and dust exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ART model showed the highest agreement with field data at the 95th percentile. Correlation and regression analyses identified moisture content, surface contamination/emissions, and dust particle size as the main influencing factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mitigating occupational health risks requires prioritized control of moisture content, followed by dust particle size and surface contamination/emission. Targeted control of these parameters supports actionable strategies to reduce occupational health risks from welding fume exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 317-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach to Chemical Health Risk Assessment for Maintenance Workers at Electronics Manufacturing Facilities","authors":"Kyong-Hui Lee ,&nbsp;Sangjun Choi ,&nbsp;Kyung Ehi Zoh ,&nbsp;Dong-Hee Koh ,&nbsp;Won Kim ,&nbsp;Dong-Uk Park","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maintenance workers in the electronics manufacturing industry are exposed to a diverse combination of gaseous and particulate substances, yet specific guidance for assessing their chemical health risks remains limited. The aims of this study are to develop a stepwise framework approach for qualitatively assessing hazard severity, exposure probability, and chemical health risks for maintenance workers at electronic manufacturing facilities, and to propose a method for categorizing these factors through occupational health risk assessment (OHRA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We developed a stepwise framework for qualitatively assessing the health risks posed by chemicals to maintenance workers in electronics facilities. This framework employs a semiquantitative approach using ordinal scores to evaluate the severity of chemical hazards and the likelihood of exposure, particularly in situations where representative measurement data for multiple chemicals are unavailable.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The framework assesses hazard severity qualitatively by considering the number of chemicals and the presence of carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic substances or sensitizing hazards. A qualitative approach to estimating the likelihood of exposure is recommended, focusing on the effectiveness of engineering controls, the frequency and duration of maintenance works and tasks (MW), and the use of air jets. Two examples of a qualitative chemical OHRA for maintenance workers are given, one for a moderate hazard chemical integrating several exposure factors, and the second for MW on an ion implanter.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Further research is needed to validate this method and to develop additional practical guidance for the assessment of chemical health risks associated with MW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 378-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Safety and Health Risks of Informal Waste Workers in Nepal: A Mapping Review","authors":"Samikshya Badal ,&nbsp;Kyle Holland ,&nbsp;Margaret Foster ,&nbsp;Aurora B. Le","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Informal waste workers (IWWs) are a crucial yet under-protected worker population. IWWs in low- and middle-income countries encounter numerous occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards but are without regulatory protections. In Nepal, rapid urbanization and inadequate waste management systems have led to thousands of IWWs. The objective of this mapping review is to synthesize the existing literature on OSH hazards encountered by Nepalese IWWs. Evidence on this worker population in Nepal has yet to be summarized and this review highlights practice and research gaps that can inform future evidence-based policies and interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Inclusion criteria included English language research (1996–2024) exploring OSH risks in Nepalese IWWs. Studies focusing on formal workers, non-Nepalese, or non-OSH outcomes were excluded. Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, and Journals@Ovid) and grey literature (WorldCat, Dimensions, OpenAlex, and Google Scholar) were searched, compiled, and analyzed using Covidence .</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of N = 6 studies were included in the study (four cross-sectional and two mixed methods) with a total 2,860 participants, predominantly from the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. High prevalence of physical injury (66.2%), respiratory symptoms (69.9%), elevated blood lead levels (mean: 11.68 μg/dL), and mental health issues (27.4% depressive symptoms) were reported. Similarly, personal protective equipment (PPE) use was limited (32.4%), with IWWs citing cost and discomfort as primary reasons for not using it. Women IWWs were subject to higher mental health risks and social stigma.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nepalese IWWs are exposed to severe OSH risks driven by systemic neglect. Prioritized interventions include formalization of work, increasing PPE access, and gender-inclusive policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterprise Characteristics Were Associated With Adherence to a Dialog-based Inspection Practice Aimed at Improving Occupational Safety and Health in Denmark","authors":"Mikala E. Jakobsen,&nbsp;Asta Kjærgaard,&nbsp;Emilie M. Rudolf,&nbsp;Julie Palmqvist,&nbsp;Jeppe Z.N. Ajslev","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Risks in the psychosocial and ergonomic working environment can be complex and difficult for labor inspectors to uncover. In 2020, authorities implemented a dialog-based inspection practice in order to improve the working environment in all types of Danish enterprises.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study sample consisted of 3183 enterprises and stemmed from a quasi-experiment, Agreement To Problem-solve (ATP), implemented nation-wide by Danish authorities. Enterprises that were offered an ATP could accept this voluntary agreement if the labor inspectors suspected a complex health and safety problem, especially problems in the psychosocial or ergonomic working environment. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to investigate associations between enterprise characteristics and fulfillment of the ATP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 2335 enterprises fulfilled an ATP from 2020 to 2023. Compared to <em>Public administration, education and health care</em>, the industries <em>Industrial, raw materials and supply</em> and <em>Trade, transportation etc.</em> had significantly lower odds ratios (ORs) of fulfilling the agreement [OR: 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53; 0.92 and OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.46; 0.80, respectively]. Enterprises with more than 35 employees had a significantly higher probability of fulfilling the agreement than enterprises with 1–9 employees. The OR of fulfillment regarding ergonomics was 0.75 times that of the psychosocial (95% CI: 0.58; 0.98).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This dialog-based inspection practice showed promising results in regards to addressing and terminating suspicions regarding the psychosocial and ergonomic working environment. The enterprises' industry, number of employees, and type of occupation safety and health problem were associated with fulfillment of this dialog-based inspection practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 297-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk for Diabetes From Long Working Hours and Night Work in the United States: Prospective Associations and Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Elizabeth Keller ,&nbsp;Liwei Chen ,&nbsp;Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Jian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes contributes significantly to death in the U.S., with many working-age individuals affected. This research determined the independent and joint associations of long working hours and night work with diabetes risk in U.S. workers, and their contribution to risk prediction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study included 1,454 workers from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study with 9-year follow-up. Long working hours included those working 55 or more hours per week. Night work involved those working 16 or more nights per year. Diabetes was determined by self-reported diagnosis or treatment. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was applied to examine the prospective association of these work-related factors at baseline with incident diabetes. A gradient boosting machine learning model was used to investigate the contributions of both factors in predicting incident diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Long working hours (RR and 95% CI = 1.60 [1.04, 2.46], p &lt; 0.05) and night work (RR and 95% CI = 1.66 [1.05, 2.62], p &lt; 0.05) were independently associated with the risk for diabetes, while controlling for baseline covariates. Gradient boosting analysis suggested long working hours and night work facilitated diabetes incidence. Exposure to both long working hours and night work increased the risk for diabetes (RR and 95% CI = 3.02 [1.64, 5.58], p &lt; 0.001), suggesting additive interaction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Organizations may consider reducing hours on duty and improving shift systems for primary prevention of diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 355-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confounding Effects of Lifestyle Factors in Cancer Risk Estimation for Occupational Radiation Exposure","authors":"Eun Jung Park ,&nbsp;Ye Jin Bang ,&nbsp;Won Jin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The confounding effect of lifestyle factors is an important concern in occupational studies, particularly when the risk magnitude is relatively small. This study aimed to evaluate the potential confounding effects of lifestyle factors on the association between radiation exposure and cancer incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from all Republic of Korean diagnostic medical radiation workers enrolled in the national dose registry were merged with cancer incidence records up to 2018. Excess relative risks (ERRs) for cancer were calculated using Poisson regression models to quantify the radiation dose-response relationship. Major lifestyle factors were imputed using multiple imputations by chained equations based on survey data. The confounding effects were assessed by comparing ERRs before and after adjustment for lifestyle factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The baseline ERR for cancer incidence per Sievert was 0.44 (95% CI: -0.94, 1.83) after adjusting for attained age, sex, birth year, and employment duration. Further adjustment for lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical exercise, sleep duration, and night shift work) did not substantially modify this risk coefficient, with change-in-estimate values ranging from 0% to 13.6%. Sensitivity analyses conducted with the survey-based cohort and sex-stratified analyses yielded consistent results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study found little evidence of significant confounding effects from unmeasured lifestyle factors on cancer risk when basic registry data variables were adjusted among medical radiation workers. Further studies are warranted to investigate the impact of unmeasured and unknown confounders to improve the accuracy of radiation risk estimates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 310-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical Fast-food Restaurant Density, Workplace Eating Behaviors, and Obesity Among Firefighters","authors":"Javier Garcia Rivas ,&nbsp;Margaret Whitley ,&nbsp;BongKyoo Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity rates in the general population are influenced by the local food environment. However, no epidemiological studies have examined how the food environment near the workplace may influence obesity outcomes, especially for occupational groups like firefighters who have high obesity prevalence. This article investigates the direct and indirect pathways between geographical fast-food restaurant density (GFFRD) and obesity among 227 professional firefighters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used three clinically assessed obesity measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percent) as outcome variables and self-reported eating habits as mediating variables collected with a firefighter-specific questionnaire. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore both direct and indirect pathways, acknowledging the exploratory nature of this analysis given the limited foundational research in occupational fast-food density.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found a statistically significant but small indirect association between GFFRD and obesity measures, mediated by organizational and individual-level eating behaviors, with potential implications for occupational health at a population level.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study findings contribute to the evidence on how the food environment near the workplace influences obesity risk through eating behaviors. These insights may inform interventions targeting dietary habits in firefighters and other shift workers to mitigate workplace-related obesity risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 220-227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Shift Working and Brain Morphometric Changes in Workers: A Voxel-wise Comparison","authors":"Joon Yul Choi ,&nbsp;Sungmin Kim ,&nbsp;Yongho Lee ,&nbsp;Dohyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Wanhyung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>There is abundant evidence from observational studies linking various health problems to shift work, but there is a lack of brain-based neurological evidence. Therefore, we examined morphometric changes on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between shift and non-shift workers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total 111 healthy workers participated in this study and underwent brain MRI, with the analysis incorporating merged workers' health surveillance data from regional hospital workers. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was used to investigate regional changes in the gray matter volume. To investigate the association of structural changes between shift workers and non-shift workers, a general linear model and threshold-free cluster enhancement were used with covariates, including total intracranial volume, age, and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After family-wise error correction, non-shift workers exhibited a significantly larger cerebellar region (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) than shift workers. Conversely, the inferior parietal gyrus was found to be significantly larger in shift workers than in non-shift workers with family-wise error correction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We observed increased clusters in the brains of both shift and non-shift workers, suggesting that the acquired occupational environment, including the shift work schedule, could influence brain neuroplasticity, which is an important consideration for occupational health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 236-242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}