Safety and Health at Work最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Government Guidelines and Corporate Governance on Telework Adoption and Occupational Health Measures in Taiwanese-Listed Companies","authors":"Chia-Jung Li ,&nbsp;Louise E. Anthony ,&nbsp;Tomohisa Nagata ,&nbsp;Yawen Cheng ,&nbsp;Ro-Ting Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Telework adoption in Taiwan has surged because of government guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the disclosure practices of Taiwanese-listed companies, assessing their adherence to government telework guidelines and their correlation with corporate governance, focusing on occupational health measures.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a guideline-adherent cohort analysis of the 2020 and 2021 sustainability reports of 295 Taiwanese-listed companies. We assessed their disclosure of corporate measures for teleworking in alignment with two government guidelines, specifically occupational health measures. Using the McNemar test and general estimating equation analysis, we compared the 2020 and 2021 responses and examined their associations with corporate governance rankings.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Telework adoption increased significantly from 2020 to 2021, with 68% of companies reporting new work modes. The mentioning of government guidelines also increased to 67% by 2021. Companies with higher governance rankings were more likely to adopt online occupational health measures, including occupational health services (RR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.41–2.94; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and mental health promotion activities (RR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.06–3.82; <em>p</em> = 0.032), than those with low rankings. Although on-site and online occupational health services increased, home workspace assessments did not.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings highlight significant upward trends in the disclosure of telework measures following the issuance of government guidelines. Corporate governance is significantly associated with the implementation of occupational health measures. Amid the evolution of teleworking, both government guidelines and corporate governance have become essential for shaping work arrangements and ensuring workforce well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 164-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791124000271/pdfft?md5=936904d93221de3c49486275d22a6a57&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791124000271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141051185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks for Establishing Hearing-Loss Predicting Models Based on a Longitudinal Dataset and Their Implications for Managing the Hearing Conservation Program","authors":"Thanawat Khajonklin ,&nbsp;Yih-Min Sun ,&nbsp;Yue-Liang Leon Guo ,&nbsp;Hsin-I Hsu ,&nbsp;Chung Sik Yoon ,&nbsp;Cheng-Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Perng-Jy Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Though the artificial neural network (ANN) technique has been used to predict noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), the established prediction models have primarily relied on cross-sectional datasets, and hence, they may not comprehensively capture the chronic nature of NIHL as a disease linked to long-term noise exposure among workers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A comprehensive dataset was utilized, encompassing eight-year longitudinal personal hearing threshold levels (HTLs) as well as information on seven personal variables and two environmental variables to establish NIHL predicting models through the ANN technique. Three subdatasets were extracted from the afirementioned comprehensive dataset to assess the advantages of the present study in NIHL predictions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The dataset was gathered from 170 workers employed in a steel-making industry, with a median cumulative noise exposure and HTL of 88.40 dBA-year and 19.58 dB, respectively. Utilizing the longitudinal dataset demonstrated superior prediction capabilities compared to cross-sectional datasets. Incorporating the more comprehensive dataset led to improved NIHL predictions, particularly when considering variables such as noise pattern and use of personal protective equipment. Despite fluctuations observed in the measured HTLs, the ANN predicting models consistently revealed a discernible trend.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A consistent correlation was observed between the measured HTLs and the results obtained from the predicting models. However, it is essential to exercise caution when utilizing the model-predicted NIHLs for individual workers due to inherent personal fluctuations in HTLs. Nonetheless, these ANN models can serve as a valuable reference for the industry in effectively managing its hearing conservation program.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 220-227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791124000106/pdfft?md5=3ad2862c1ca43665274fdd07f55b55cf&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791124000106-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity Analysis for Occupational Heat-related Injury Using the Multinomial Logit Model","authors":"Peiyi Lyu,&nbsp;Siyuan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Workers are often exposed to hazardous heat due to their work environment, leading to various injuries. As a result of climate change, heat-related injuries (HRIs) are becoming more problematic. This study aims to identify critical contributing factors to the severity of occupational HRIs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study analyzed historical injury reports from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Contributing factors to the severity of HRIs were identified using text mining and model-free machine learning methods. The Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) was applied to explore the relationship between impact factors and the severity of HRIs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicated a higher risk of fatal HRIs among middle-aged, older, and male workers, particularly in the construction, service, manufacturing, and agriculture industries. In addition, a higher heat index, collapses, heart attacks, and fall accidents increased the severity of HRIs, while symptoms such as dehydration, dizziness, cramps, faintness, and vomiting reduced the likelihood of fatal HRIs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The severity of HRIs was significantly influenced by factors like workers’ age, gender, industry type, heat index , symptoms, and secondary injuries. The findings underscore the need for tailored preventive strategies and training across different worker groups to mitigate HRIs risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 200-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791124000234/pdfft?md5=61fea01e3fa66801faaf790fe6310739&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791124000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Association Between Presenteeism and Absenteeism among Replacement Workers and Paid Workers: Cross-sectional Studies and Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Heejoo Park ,&nbsp;Juho Sim ,&nbsp;Juyeon Oh ,&nbsp;Jongmin Lee ,&nbsp;Chorom Lee ,&nbsp;Yangwook Kim ,&nbsp;Byungyoon Yun ,&nbsp;Jin-ha Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Replacement drivers represent a significant portion of platform labor in the Republic of Korea, often facing night shifts and the demands of emotional labor. Research on replacement drivers is limited due to their widespread nature. This study examined the levels of presenteeism and absenteeism among replacement drivers in comparison to those of paid male workers in the Republic of Korea.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study collected data for replacement drivers and used data from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey for paid male workers over the age of 20 years. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the differences between paid workers and replacement drivers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for presenteeism and absenteeism by replacement drivers. Stratified analysis was conducted for age groups, educational levels, income levels, and working hours. The analysis was adjusted for variables including age, education, income, working hours, working days per week, and working duration.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 1,417 participants, the prevalence of presenteeism and absenteeism among replacement drivers was 53.6% (<em>n</em> = 210) and 51.3% (<em>n</em> = 201), respectively. The association of presenteeism and absenteeism (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 8.42 [6.36−11.16] and 20.80 [95% CI = 14.60−29.62], respectively) with replacement drivers being significant, with a prominent association among the young age group, high educational, and medium income levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results demonstrated that replacement drivers were more significantly associated with presenteeism and absenteeism than paid workers. Further studies are necessary to establish a strategy to decrease the risk factors among replacement drivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791124000192/pdfft?md5=6e050a4cd432788eb77df4589684d775&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791124000192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140053740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling Effective Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Interventions","authors":"Gaia Vitrano ,&nbsp;Davide Urso ,&nbsp;Guido J.L. Micheli ,&nbsp;Armando Guglielmi ,&nbsp;Diego De Merich ,&nbsp;Mauro Pellicci","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The design, implementation, and evaluation are three important stages of occupational safety and health (OSH) interventions. Historically, there has been a tendency to prioritize implementation, often neglecting detailed design and rigorous outcome evaluation. Currently, much has changed, and contemporary approaches recognize the interdependence of these stages, considering them integral to the success of any intervention. This work presents a comprehensive procedure for implementing interventions, not only to ensure short-term effectiveness but also their long-term sustainability through continuous monitoring. The focus is on a national OSH project introducing a near-miss management system (NMS) in Italy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Initial meetings were convened among project partners, complemented by interviews with diverse stakeholders, to plan implementation steps and test the NMS. Tailored questionnaires were designed for diverse stakeholder groups – initial promoters, company managers and employers, and employees – facilitating targeted implementation, and three case studies were started in Italian regions to assess the structured implementation, involving intervention promoters and collaborating companies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The primary outcome is the development of practical tools, specifically three questionnaires, which are considered valuable for establishing an effective human-centered implementation strategy, meticulously designed to facilitate ongoing monitoring of processes and continual enhancement of instruments intended for NMS integration within companies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This work lays the foundation for successful NMS implementation in Italy and, although the outlined procedure had specific objectives, it also provides valuable insights applicable in enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions across diverse contexts. It underscores the importance of comprehensive planning, stakeholder engagement, and continuous evaluation in achieving lasting OSH interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209379112400026X/pdfft?md5=652ccf8dcc2d8b435e72ed52f32de924&pid=1-s2.0-S209379112400026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICOH Marrakesh Declaration","authors":"International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH)","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 242-244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791124000386/pdfft?md5=c9998d48413cc1e5581b333e0ca75bce&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791124000386-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Lung Disease Among Coal Miners in Asia: A Systematic Review","authors":"Kurnia A. Akbar ,&nbsp;Kraiwuth Kallawicha","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Coal miners are highly prone to occupational health risks, such as black lung disease. This study aims to assess the prevalence of black lung disease and the factors associated with black lung disease among coal miners in Asia.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This systematic review, conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, searched through the scientific literature of the following databases: EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus. We selected articles that studied black lung disease among coal miners from 48 countries in Asia and were published between 2014 and 2023. Article quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The seven articles that we review studied a total of 653,635 coal miners from various types of coal mines from three countries in Asia. Of these miners, 59,998 experienced black lung disease. Black lung disease is prevalent among 9.18% of coal miners in Asia, which is approximately four times higher than the worldwide prevalence. Common factors that influence black lung disease in Asia include age, years of dust exposure, smoking, drinking, working types, and sizes of mines, type of mines, respiratory functions, spirometry parameters, tenure, lack of attention to occupational health, inefficient surveillance, and weak occupational health service.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although the prevalence of black lung disease among coal miners in Asia is considerably high, it can be addressed through effective prevention measures, monitoring, control, and case reporting<strong>.</strong></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791124000052/pdfft?md5=6edc87f60db3096d830868cce04394cf&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791124000052-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presenteeism and Traffic Accident Among Taxi Drivers: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan","authors":"Makoto Okawara ,&nbsp;Kei Tokutsu ,&nbsp;Keiki Hirashima ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Ishimaru ,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Fujino","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Traffic accidents involving professional drivers have serious societal repercussions. Unique occupational stressors and health risks exacerbate the likelihood of traffic accidents among professional drivers. This study explores the association between presenteeism—impaired work performance due to working while unwell—and traffic accident risk among professional taxi drivers in Japan.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2022 to February 2023, involving taxi drivers from a single company in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Presenteeism was assessed using the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). Primary outcome involved the number of self-reported minor traffic accidents. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of minor traffic accident occurrences was estimated using a Poisson regression analysis, adjusted for confounders including sex, age, and driving experience.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 838 targeted drivers, 435 were included in the analysis. Higher baseline work functioning impairment was associated with a significant trend of increasing IRR of minor traffic accidents (<em>p</em> for trend = 0.045). A dose-response relationship was seen between the degree of presenteeism and incidence rate of minor traffic accidents.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Higher levels of presenteeism were associated with an increased risk of traffic accidents among taxi drivers. The findings underscore the need for socio-economic support and prioritized health management to mitigate traffic accident risk among professional drivers. This study highlights the importance of managing non-critical health issues alongside serious health conditions for safer driving practices among professional drivers in Japan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 208-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791124000258/pdfft?md5=57021c5d351a7d95fed1c70164076da3&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791124000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140760390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work Environment and Depressive Symptoms of Webtoon Writers","authors":"Jinwoo Lee ,&nbsp;Jeehee Min ,&nbsp;Yu Min Lee ,&nbsp;Min Young Park ,&nbsp;Hyoung-Ryoul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Webtoon, a digital form of comics created in the Republic of Korea, has spread widely with advantages that anyone can become a cartoonist and that autonomy of creation is guaranteed. The purpose of this study is to identify the working conditions of webtoon writers and analyze the relationship between these conditions and depressive symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A survey was carried out on webtoon writers and a survey data of 312 webtoon writers were analyzed. The questionnaire included basic socio-demographic characteristics, webtoon writers’ contractual type, fields of activity (webtoon creator, story writer, illustrator), and working environment (labor discretion etc.). We investigated depressive symptoms and analyzed its relation to the work environment of webtoon writers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Webtoon writers were exposed to long working hours, high labor intensity, limited labor discretion, negative comments from readers, and had a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Compared to story writers who contracted directly with platforms, story writers and the illustrators who contracted with content providers (CPs) were 9.51 times (OR = 9.51, 95% CI = 1.47 - 61.33) and 6.47 times (OR = 6.47, 95% CI = 1.08 – 38.75) more likely to have depressive symptoms, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study emphasizes the urgent necessity to improve the overall working environment in the webtoon industry and implement measures to tackle the escalating mental health challenges faced by illustrators and story writers contracted with CPs, especially given the increasing popularity of novel comics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791124000210/pdfft?md5=1743b9925eb0cf33c45662b38ff62261&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791124000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140617867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Data Sheets as a Hazard Communication Tool: An Assessment of Suitability and Readability","authors":"Kevin Ho,&nbsp;Thomas Tenkate","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Safety data sheets (SDSs) are hazard communication materials that accompany chemicals/hazardous products in the workplace. Many SDSs contain dense, technical text, which places considerable comprehension demands on workers, especially those with lower literacy skills. The goal of this study was to assess SDSs for readability, comprehensibility, and suitability (i.e., fit to the target audience).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) tool assessed SDSs for suitability and readability. We then amended the SAM tool to further assess SDSs for comprehensibility factors. Both the original and amended SAM tool were used to score 45 randomly selected SDSs for content, literacy demand, graphics, and layout/typography.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>SDSs performed poorly in terms of readability, suitability, and comprehensibility. The mean readability scores were Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (9.6), Gunning Fog index (11.0), Coleman–Liau index (13.7), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook index (10.7), all above the recommended reading level. The original SAM graded SDSs as “not suitable” for suitability and readability. When the amended SAM was used, the mean total SAM score increased, but the SDSs were still considered “not suitable” when adding comprehensibility considerations. The amended SAM tool better identified content-related issues specific to SDSs that make it difficult for a reader to understand the material.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In terms of readability, comprehensibility, and suitability, SDSs perform poorly in their primary role as a hazard communication tool, therefore, putting workers at risk. The amended SAM tool could be used when writing SDSs to ensure that the information is more easily understandable for all audiences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 192-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791124000064/pdfft?md5=dfef9ecc6a0d21d0d3ae75b2ea5434ef&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791124000064-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}