Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques最新文献

{"title":"The Differential Impact of COVID-19 on Labour Market Outcomes of Immigrants in Canada.","authors":"Tingting Zhang, Morley Gunderson","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-043","DOIUrl":"10.3138/cpp.2021-043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on Canadian Labour Force Survey data, we estimate the differential effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on seven labour market outcomes, and separate between recent and established immigrants relative to domestic-born Canadians. We also use Recentered Influence Function (RIF) unconditional quantile regressions to estimate the differential effects across the distribution of outcomes. We find that the pandemic had an adverse effect on the labour market outcomes for all workers, and that the adverse effects were generally larger for immigrants and especially recent immigrants as well as for immigrants at the bottom of the outcome distributions. The adverse effects were generally larger at the earliest waves of the pandemic, and for recent immigrants who were female, less educated, and those with child responsibilities, and for jobs at greater risk of contact with the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"48 3","pages":"473-490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10231670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10602222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’effet des cégeps du Québec sur le nombre total d’années de scolarité","authors":"P. Fortin, Natalia Mishagina, J. Royer","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2020-098-fr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2020-098-fr","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Nous décrivons la réforme collégiale des années 1960 au Québec et nous étudions l’effet initial de la création des cégeps sur la scolarisation des jeunes Québécois en la comparant à celle des jeunes Ontariens. Nous suivons les grandes tendances de la fréquentation scolaire et de l’obtention de diplômes au niveau postsecondaire de 1960 à 2018. Puis nous estimons l’effet de l’arrivée des cégeps sur le nombre total d’années de scolarité des premières cohortes touchées. Une analyse de différence de différences appliquée aux hommes et aux femmes francophones et anglophones au moyen des microdonnées du Recensement de 2001 nous permet d’estimer que l’effet initial des cégeps a été globalement positif et substantiel.Abstract:We describe the CEGEP (collèges d’enseignement général et professionnel) innovation of the late 1960s in Quebec and study its early effect on total years of schooling in the province, with Ontario as control. We first compare the broad trends in post-secondary enrolment and credentials in Quebec and Ontario over the long period of 1960–2018. We then estimate the effect of the CEGEP reform on total years of schooling of the cohorts that were initially treated. To this end, we apply a simple difference-in-differences methodology to 2001 Census microdata for Francophone and Anglophone men and women. We find that the effect of CEGEPs has been broadly positive and significant.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"18 1","pages":"403 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73210826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Education with Entrepreneurial Propensity and Entrepreneurial Income of Recent Canadian Graduates: A Tax Data Analysis","authors":"Megan Salter, Eman Almehdawe","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Cette étude considère l’association entre diplômes postsecondaires et domaines d’études par rapport aux revenus chez des universitaires ayant obtenu récemment leur diplôme, ainsi que leur propension pour l’entrepreneuriat. Dans ce but, nous analysons une banque de données administrative qui relie les dossiers d’établissements postsecondaires publics du Canada aux déclarations d’impôt sur le revenu de l’Agence du revenu du Canada. Nos résultats mettent à jour deux tendances : les entrepreneur• e• s titulaires d’un doctorat gagnent significativement plus que les non-titulaires, et certains domaines d’études sont associés à des revenus plus élevés. Cependant, les résultats montrent également que les probabilités qu’un individu se lance dans l’entrepreneuriat diminuent à mesure que le niveau d’études complétées augmente. Notre étude suggère donc aussi l’existence d’une relation entre l’éducation et la réussite entrepreneuriale.Abstract:This work examines the association of post-secondary credentials and fields of study on the earnings of recent university graduates and their propensity to become entrepreneurs. To this end, we analyze an administrative database that links post-secondary records from public educational institutions in Canada with income tax records from the Canadian Revenue Agency. The findings of this analysis showed that entrepreneurs who hold a PhD tend to earn significantly more than those who do not, and that certain fields of study tend to be associated with higher incomes. However, the results also showed that the odds of entering entrepreneurship decrease as higher credential levels are achieved. Thus, this research further demonstrates the potential relationship between education and entrepreneurial success.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"C-33 1","pages":"422 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86222823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Factory and the Hub: An Anatomy of Canada’s Import Dependence on the US","authors":"Julien Martin, F. Mayneris","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Nous reconsidérons la dépendance du Canada envers les États-Unis en matière d’importation en nous servant de nouvelles données sur les produits. Ces données concernent le pays d’origine, le dernier pays exportateur et le transport des importations canadiennes. Nous montrons que les États-Unis jouent un rôle clé non seulement à titre de fournisseurs du Canada, mais également en tant que pôle logistique : la moitié des importations provenant de fournisseurs non étatsuniens entre au Canada par les États-Unis. Par conséquent, c’est 77 pour cent des importations canadiennes qui sont liées aux États-Unis soit par la production, soit par la logistique – chiffre nettement supérieur aux 55 pour cent rapportés habituellement dans les débats publics. Nous montrons que cette dépendance s’insinue dans la plupart des catégories de produits et concerne les principaux partenaires commerciaux du Canada. Nous combinons cette nouvelle mesure de la dépendance canadienne à des tableaux d’entrées-sorties afin de quantifier la dépendance directe et indirecte des secteurs industriels canadiens par rapport aux États-Unis par leur emploi des ressources. Pour le secteur industriel canadien moyen, le contenu de ses entrées lié aux États-Unis atteint 24 pour cent. Nous abordons en terminant quelques-unes des conséquences de ces résultats pour les politiques publiques.Abstract:We revisit the reliance of Canada on the US for its imports using new product-level data on the country of origin, the last exporting country, and the transport mode of Canadian imports. We not only show that the US is a key supplier of Canada, but also a key logistical hub: half of the imports from non-US suppliers enter Canada through the US. Therefore, 77 percent of Canadian imports are tied to the US through production or logistical linkages, well above the 55 percent usually reported in the public debate. We show that this reliance on the US is pervasive across most product categories and for Canada’s main trade partners. We exploit this new measure of reliance on the US together with input-output tables to quantify the direct and indirect reliance of Canadian industries on the US through their input usage. For the average Canadian industry, the US-related content of its inputs reaches 24 percent. We finally discuss some of the policy implications of these results.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"204 1","pages":"360 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89651852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting Passenger Rail Back on Track: A Multiple Streams Framework Analysis of High-Frequency Rail Policy in Canada","authors":"Matthew Boulden, D. Béland","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Après plusieurs décennies d’inertie politique, un vent de changement souffle sur le domaine des trains de passagers au Canada, grâce à l’approbation récente par le gouvernement fédéral du projet de train à grande fréquence de VIA Rail dans le corridor Québec-Windsor. Cette étude s’appuie sur la théorie des courants multiples (Multiple Streams Framework, MSF) pour analyser la manière dont le train à grande fréquence a fait son chemin jusqu’au programme de politiques du gouvernement fédéral. Des entretiens semi-directifs viennent confirmer trois attentes de la théorie des courants multiples, en montrant a) des preuves d’activités dans les trois courants de la théorie (le problème, les politiques, la politique) ; b) l’ouverture, à la suite de changements dans les courants politiques, d’une fenêtre d’opportunité ; et c) la présence d’un entrepreneur en politiques qui a arrimé les trois courants dans la fenêtre d’opportunité.Abstract:After decades of policy stagnation, change is on the horizon for passenger rail in Canada, with the recent federal government’s approval of VIA Rail’s High-Frequency Rail (HFR) proposal within the Quebec-Windsor Corridor. This study applies the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to analyze how HFR arrived on the federal government’s agenda. Drawing on semi-directive interviews, three expectations based on the MSF are confirmed: evidence of (a) activity in the framework’s three streams (problem, policy, politics); (b) a policy window opening because of changes in the politics stream; and (c) a policy entrepreneur who coupled the three streams within that policy window.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"5 1","pages":"374 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80613980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Canada’s Airports and Airport Policy: A Review","authors":"W. Morrison, Julien Martin, F. Mayneris, Matthew Boulden, D. Béland, Pierre Fortin, N. Mishagina, Jimmy Royer, Megan Salter, Eman Almehdawe, Pierre Brochu, Jonathan Créchet, Tingting Zhang, M. Gunderson","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Les aéroports du Canada forment un système unique au monde : ce sont des organismes privés, sans capital-actions et à but non lucratif. Cet article examine l’évolution du système et des politiques aéroportuaires au Canada depuis trente ans. Il propose un survol de la performance des aéroports, y compris une évaluation des recettes probables advenant le cas où le gouvernement canadien décide de vendre ses huit aéroports les plus grands à des investisseurs privés. Notre examen révèle un système qui, fortement marqué par une orientation dite de l’utilisateur payeur, est devenu tributaire des « frais d’amélioration des installations » imposés aux passagers en plus des frais aéronautiques ordinaires pour financer les investissements substantiels en infrastructure réalisés par les administrations aéroportuaires. Soulignant certaines critiques du système actuel qui remontent à plus de 20 ans, l’article montre que les récentes recommandations de vendre nos aéroports à des investisseurs privés sont porteuses d’une tension sous-jacente concernant la caractérisation des aéroports, perçus soit comme des « bougies d’allumage » censées créer des retombées économiques plus vastes, soit comme des « postes de péage » produisant des revenus pour le gouvernement. L’article soutient qu’une solution de rechange viable à la vente des aéroports à des intérêts privés consiste à remettre à l’ordre du jour un projet de loi d’abord présenté en 2003, puis en 2006, et qui, malgré un large appui politique, n’a jamais été adopté.Abstract:Canada’s airports are unique in the world as a system of private, no-share capital, not-for-profit organizations. This paper reviews the evolution Canada’s airport system and airport policy over the last 30 years and provides an overview of airport performance including an assessment of the likely proceeds should the Canadian government decide to sell its eight largest airports to private investors. The review reveals an airport system with a heavy “user pay” orientation that has become reliant on “airport improvement fees” charged to passengers, over and above regular aeronautical charges, in order to finance the substantial investments in infrastructure made by airport authorities. The paper highlights criticisms of the current airport system that have endured for over 20 years and shows how recent recommendations to sell our airports to private investors reveals an underlying tension regarding whether airports should be regarded as “spark plugs” that create wider economic benefits or “toll booths” that generate government revenues. The paper argues that a viable alternative to selling off airports to private investors is to reintroduce legislation first introduced in 2003 and again in 2006, which, despite broad political support, never became law.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"28 1","pages":"343 - 359 - 360 - 373 - 374 - 385 - 386 - 402 - 403 - 421 - 422 - 450 - 451 - 472 - 473 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76264701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Quebec’s CEGEPs on Total Years of Schooling","authors":"P. Fortin, N. Mishagina, Jimmy Royer","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2020-098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2020-098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Nous décrivons la réforme collégiale des années 1960 au Québec et nous étudions l’effet initial de la création des cégeps sur la scolarisation des jeunes Québécois en la comparant à celle des jeunes Ontariens. Nous suivons les grandes tendances de la fréquentation scolaire et de l’obtention de diplômes au niveau postsecondaire de 1960 à 2018. Puis nous estimons l’effet de l’arrivée des cégeps sur le nombre total d’années de scolarité des premières cohortes touchées. Une analyse de différence de différences appliquée aux hommes et aux femmes francophones et anglophones au moyen des microdonnées du Recensement de 2001 nous permet d’estimer que l’effet initial des cégeps a été globalement positif et substantiel.Abstract:We describe the CEGEP (collèges d’enseignement général et professionnel) innovation of the late 1960s in Quebec and study its early effect on total years of schooling in the province, with Ontario as control. We first compare the broad trends in post-secondary enrolment and credentials in Quebec and Ontario over the long period of 1960–2018. We then estimate the effect of the CEGEP reform on total years of schooling of the cohorts that were initially treated. To this end, we apply a simple difference-in-differences methodology to 2001 Census microdata for Francophone and Anglophone men and women. We find that the effect of CEGEPs has been broadly positive and significant.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"11 1","pages":"386 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81860509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine-Learning Analysis of the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Small Business Owners and Implications for Canadian Government Policy Response.","authors":"Diane A Isabelle, Yu Jade Han, Mika Westerlund","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-018","DOIUrl":"10.3138/cpp.2021-018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study applies a machine-learning technique to a dataset of 38,000 textual comments from Canadian small business owners on the impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Topic modelling revealed seven topics covering the short- and longer-term impacts of the pandemic, government relief programs and loan eligibility issues, mental health, and other impacts on business owners. The results emphasize the importance of policy response in aiding small business crisis management and offer implications for theory and policy. Moreover, the study provides an example of using a machine-learning-based automated content analysis in the fields of crisis management, small business, and public policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"48 2","pages":"322-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9395163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10225623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Introduction to The Impact of Universal Medicare on the Previously Insured Poor and Nonpoor, a Study on the Impact of Medicare in Nova Scotia by Murray G. Brown and Vernon A. Hicks","authors":"G. Marchildon, L. di Matteo","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Cette note de recherche vise à attirer l’attention des chercheurs en politiques sur une étude originale et importante qui n’est pas assez connue et qui porte sur l’assurance-santé canadienne. Menée par Murray G. Brown et Vernon A. Hicks, cette étude a examiné l’impact de l’assurance-santé sur la demande de services en Nouvelle-Écosse avant et après l’introduction de l’assurance-santé universelle. Intitulée The Impact of Universal Medicare on the Previously Insured Poor and Nonpoor, cette recherche a fait l’objet d’un rapport qui a été soumis au gouvernement américain, mais malheureusement, ce rapport n’a jamais été diffusé, ni rendu connu au Canada. En résumant l’historique et le contexte de l’étude, l’approche et les méthodes utilisées par Brown et Hicks, ainsi que la portée politique de l’étude, cette note de recherche sert également à faire connaitre cette étude.Abstract:This research note directs the attention of policy scholars to a unique and important research study on Canadian Medicare that is not generally known. Conducted by Murray G. Brown and Vernon A. Hicks, the study examined the impact of Medicare on the demand for services in Nova Scotia before and after the introduction of universal medical care insurance. Titled The Impact of Universal Medicare on the Previously Insured Poor and Nonpoor, this research was written up into a report delivered to the US government but was, unfortunately, never disseminated—nor did it become known in Canada. By summarizing the history and context of the study, the approach and methods used by Brown and Hicks, and the study’s policy significance, this research note also acts as an introduction to the study.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"9 1","pages":"317 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87689930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Youngest Bilingual Canadians: Insights from the 2016 Census Regarding Children Aged 0–9 Years","authors":"Esther Schott, L. Kremin, K. Byers‐Heinlein","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Dans cette recherche, nous avons utilisé les données du Recensement Canada de 2016 pour examiner le bilinguisme à la maison chez les enfants âgés entre 0 et 9 ans. Les données ont montré que dix-huit pour cent des enfants parlaient au moins deux langues à la maison à l’échelle du Canada. Ce chiffre grimpe à plus de 25% dans les grandes villes et sur les Territoires canadiens. La combinaison français-anglais était la plus répandue au Québec et en Ontario. D’autres combinaisons variées étaient également remarquées dans la plupart des provinces. Dans les Territoires, dix-sept pour cent des enfants parlaient une langue autochtone à côté de l’anglais. Nous discutons des occasions spécifiques pour la revitalisation des langues autochtones et des défis s’y rattachant. La présence d’adultes bilingues à la maison et la génération d’émigrés étaient les prédicteurs principaux du bilinguisme de l’enfant à la maison. Nous terminons sur une discussion des politiques qui encouragent le bilinguisme chez l’enfant comme le fait de soutenir la langue parlée à la maison à l’aide de structures éducatives aux niveaux préscolaire et primaire. De telles politiques doivent être adaptées aux besoins particuliers des communautés pour appuyer de manière optimale les enfants bilingues et leurs familles.Abstract:In this study, we used 2016 Canadian Census data to examine home bilingualism among children aged 0–9 years. Across Canada, 18 percent of children used at least two languages at home, which rose to more than 25 percent in large cities and the Canadian territories. English and French was the most common language pair in Quebec and Ontario, and various other pairs were spoken in most provinces. In the territories, 17 percent of children spoke an Indigenous language and English, and we discuss specific opportunities and challenges for Indigenous language revitalization. The presence of bilingual adults in the home and immigration generation were the strongest predictors of children’s home bilingualism. We conclude by discussing how policies can encourage child bilingualism, such as by supporting children’s home language in early and primary education settings. Such policies must be tailored to the needs of the specific communities to optimally support bilingual children and their families.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"1 1","pages":"254 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78041627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}