Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques最新文献

{"title":"The Factory and the Hub: An Anatomy of Canada’s Import Dependence on the US","authors":"Julien Martin, F. Mayneris","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Nous reconsidérons la dépendance du Canada envers les États-Unis en matière d’importation en nous servant de nouvelles données sur les produits. Ces données concernent le pays d’origine, le dernier pays exportateur et le transport des importations canadiennes. Nous montrons que les États-Unis jouent un rôle clé non seulement à titre de fournisseurs du Canada, mais également en tant que pôle logistique : la moitié des importations provenant de fournisseurs non étatsuniens entre au Canada par les États-Unis. Par conséquent, c’est 77 pour cent des importations canadiennes qui sont liées aux États-Unis soit par la production, soit par la logistique – chiffre nettement supérieur aux 55 pour cent rapportés habituellement dans les débats publics. Nous montrons que cette dépendance s’insinue dans la plupart des catégories de produits et concerne les principaux partenaires commerciaux du Canada. Nous combinons cette nouvelle mesure de la dépendance canadienne à des tableaux d’entrées-sorties afin de quantifier la dépendance directe et indirecte des secteurs industriels canadiens par rapport aux États-Unis par leur emploi des ressources. Pour le secteur industriel canadien moyen, le contenu de ses entrées lié aux États-Unis atteint 24 pour cent. Nous abordons en terminant quelques-unes des conséquences de ces résultats pour les politiques publiques.Abstract:We revisit the reliance of Canada on the US for its imports using new product-level data on the country of origin, the last exporting country, and the transport mode of Canadian imports. We not only show that the US is a key supplier of Canada, but also a key logistical hub: half of the imports from non-US suppliers enter Canada through the US. Therefore, 77 percent of Canadian imports are tied to the US through production or logistical linkages, well above the 55 percent usually reported in the public debate. We show that this reliance on the US is pervasive across most product categories and for Canada’s main trade partners. We exploit this new measure of reliance on the US together with input-output tables to quantify the direct and indirect reliance of Canadian industries on the US through their input usage. For the average Canadian industry, the US-related content of its inputs reaches 24 percent. We finally discuss some of the policy implications of these results.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"204 1","pages":"360 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89651852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Canada’s Airports and Airport Policy: A Review","authors":"W. Morrison, Julien Martin, F. Mayneris, Matthew Boulden, D. Béland, Pierre Fortin, N. Mishagina, Jimmy Royer, Megan Salter, Eman Almehdawe, Pierre Brochu, Jonathan Créchet, Tingting Zhang, M. Gunderson","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Les aéroports du Canada forment un système unique au monde : ce sont des organismes privés, sans capital-actions et à but non lucratif. Cet article examine l’évolution du système et des politiques aéroportuaires au Canada depuis trente ans. Il propose un survol de la performance des aéroports, y compris une évaluation des recettes probables advenant le cas où le gouvernement canadien décide de vendre ses huit aéroports les plus grands à des investisseurs privés. Notre examen révèle un système qui, fortement marqué par une orientation dite de l’utilisateur payeur, est devenu tributaire des « frais d’amélioration des installations » imposés aux passagers en plus des frais aéronautiques ordinaires pour financer les investissements substantiels en infrastructure réalisés par les administrations aéroportuaires. Soulignant certaines critiques du système actuel qui remontent à plus de 20 ans, l’article montre que les récentes recommandations de vendre nos aéroports à des investisseurs privés sont porteuses d’une tension sous-jacente concernant la caractérisation des aéroports, perçus soit comme des « bougies d’allumage » censées créer des retombées économiques plus vastes, soit comme des « postes de péage » produisant des revenus pour le gouvernement. L’article soutient qu’une solution de rechange viable à la vente des aéroports à des intérêts privés consiste à remettre à l’ordre du jour un projet de loi d’abord présenté en 2003, puis en 2006, et qui, malgré un large appui politique, n’a jamais été adopté.Abstract:Canada’s airports are unique in the world as a system of private, no-share capital, not-for-profit organizations. This paper reviews the evolution Canada’s airport system and airport policy over the last 30 years and provides an overview of airport performance including an assessment of the likely proceeds should the Canadian government decide to sell its eight largest airports to private investors. The review reveals an airport system with a heavy “user pay” orientation that has become reliant on “airport improvement fees” charged to passengers, over and above regular aeronautical charges, in order to finance the substantial investments in infrastructure made by airport authorities. The paper highlights criticisms of the current airport system that have endured for over 20 years and shows how recent recommendations to sell our airports to private investors reveals an underlying tension regarding whether airports should be regarded as “spark plugs” that create wider economic benefits or “toll booths” that generate government revenues. The paper argues that a viable alternative to selling off airports to private investors is to reintroduce legislation first introduced in 2003 and again in 2006, which, despite broad political support, never became law.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"28 1","pages":"343 - 359 - 360 - 373 - 374 - 385 - 386 - 402 - 403 - 421 - 422 - 450 - 451 - 472 - 473 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76264701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Quebec’s CEGEPs on Total Years of Schooling","authors":"P. Fortin, N. Mishagina, Jimmy Royer","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2020-098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2020-098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Nous décrivons la réforme collégiale des années 1960 au Québec et nous étudions l’effet initial de la création des cégeps sur la scolarisation des jeunes Québécois en la comparant à celle des jeunes Ontariens. Nous suivons les grandes tendances de la fréquentation scolaire et de l’obtention de diplômes au niveau postsecondaire de 1960 à 2018. Puis nous estimons l’effet de l’arrivée des cégeps sur le nombre total d’années de scolarité des premières cohortes touchées. Une analyse de différence de différences appliquée aux hommes et aux femmes francophones et anglophones au moyen des microdonnées du Recensement de 2001 nous permet d’estimer que l’effet initial des cégeps a été globalement positif et substantiel.Abstract:We describe the CEGEP (collèges d’enseignement général et professionnel) innovation of the late 1960s in Quebec and study its early effect on total years of schooling in the province, with Ontario as control. We first compare the broad trends in post-secondary enrolment and credentials in Quebec and Ontario over the long period of 1960–2018. We then estimate the effect of the CEGEP reform on total years of schooling of the cohorts that were initially treated. To this end, we apply a simple difference-in-differences methodology to 2001 Census microdata for Francophone and Anglophone men and women. We find that the effect of CEGEPs has been broadly positive and significant.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"11 1","pages":"386 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81860509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine-Learning Analysis of the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Small Business Owners and Implications for Canadian Government Policy Response.","authors":"Diane A Isabelle, Yu Jade Han, Mika Westerlund","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-018","DOIUrl":"10.3138/cpp.2021-018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study applies a machine-learning technique to a dataset of 38,000 textual comments from Canadian small business owners on the impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Topic modelling revealed seven topics covering the short- and longer-term impacts of the pandemic, government relief programs and loan eligibility issues, mental health, and other impacts on business owners. The results emphasize the importance of policy response in aiding small business crisis management and offer implications for theory and policy. Moreover, the study provides an example of using a machine-learning-based automated content analysis in the fields of crisis management, small business, and public policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"48 2","pages":"322-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9395163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10225623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Introduction to The Impact of Universal Medicare on the Previously Insured Poor and Nonpoor, a Study on the Impact of Medicare in Nova Scotia by Murray G. Brown and Vernon A. Hicks","authors":"G. Marchildon, L. di Matteo","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Cette note de recherche vise à attirer l’attention des chercheurs en politiques sur une étude originale et importante qui n’est pas assez connue et qui porte sur l’assurance-santé canadienne. Menée par Murray G. Brown et Vernon A. Hicks, cette étude a examiné l’impact de l’assurance-santé sur la demande de services en Nouvelle-Écosse avant et après l’introduction de l’assurance-santé universelle. Intitulée The Impact of Universal Medicare on the Previously Insured Poor and Nonpoor, cette recherche a fait l’objet d’un rapport qui a été soumis au gouvernement américain, mais malheureusement, ce rapport n’a jamais été diffusé, ni rendu connu au Canada. En résumant l’historique et le contexte de l’étude, l’approche et les méthodes utilisées par Brown et Hicks, ainsi que la portée politique de l’étude, cette note de recherche sert également à faire connaitre cette étude.Abstract:This research note directs the attention of policy scholars to a unique and important research study on Canadian Medicare that is not generally known. Conducted by Murray G. Brown and Vernon A. Hicks, the study examined the impact of Medicare on the demand for services in Nova Scotia before and after the introduction of universal medical care insurance. Titled The Impact of Universal Medicare on the Previously Insured Poor and Nonpoor, this research was written up into a report delivered to the US government but was, unfortunately, never disseminated—nor did it become known in Canada. By summarizing the history and context of the study, the approach and methods used by Brown and Hicks, and the study’s policy significance, this research note also acts as an introduction to the study.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"9 1","pages":"317 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87689930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Youngest Bilingual Canadians: Insights from the 2016 Census Regarding Children Aged 0–9 Years","authors":"Esther Schott, L. Kremin, K. Byers‐Heinlein","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Dans cette recherche, nous avons utilisé les données du Recensement Canada de 2016 pour examiner le bilinguisme à la maison chez les enfants âgés entre 0 et 9 ans. Les données ont montré que dix-huit pour cent des enfants parlaient au moins deux langues à la maison à l’échelle du Canada. Ce chiffre grimpe à plus de 25% dans les grandes villes et sur les Territoires canadiens. La combinaison français-anglais était la plus répandue au Québec et en Ontario. D’autres combinaisons variées étaient également remarquées dans la plupart des provinces. Dans les Territoires, dix-sept pour cent des enfants parlaient une langue autochtone à côté de l’anglais. Nous discutons des occasions spécifiques pour la revitalisation des langues autochtones et des défis s’y rattachant. La présence d’adultes bilingues à la maison et la génération d’émigrés étaient les prédicteurs principaux du bilinguisme de l’enfant à la maison. Nous terminons sur une discussion des politiques qui encouragent le bilinguisme chez l’enfant comme le fait de soutenir la langue parlée à la maison à l’aide de structures éducatives aux niveaux préscolaire et primaire. De telles politiques doivent être adaptées aux besoins particuliers des communautés pour appuyer de manière optimale les enfants bilingues et leurs familles.Abstract:In this study, we used 2016 Canadian Census data to examine home bilingualism among children aged 0–9 years. Across Canada, 18 percent of children used at least two languages at home, which rose to more than 25 percent in large cities and the Canadian territories. English and French was the most common language pair in Quebec and Ontario, and various other pairs were spoken in most provinces. In the territories, 17 percent of children spoke an Indigenous language and English, and we discuss specific opportunities and challenges for Indigenous language revitalization. The presence of bilingual adults in the home and immigration generation were the strongest predictors of children’s home bilingualism. We conclude by discussing how policies can encourage child bilingualism, such as by supporting children’s home language in early and primary education settings. Such policies must be tailored to the needs of the specific communities to optimally support bilingual children and their families.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"1 1","pages":"254 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78041627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Progressive Is the Canadian Personal Income Tax? A Buffett Curve Analysis","authors":"Kevin Milligan, Jennifer Fisher, Jasmine Thomas, Esther Schott, L. Kremin, K. Byers‐Heinlein, Xian Zhang, C. Carbonnier, Gordon M. Myers, G. Marchildon, L. di Matteo, Diane A. Isabelle, Yuanyuan Han, Mika Westerlund","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Cet article s’intéresse au fardeau des recettes fiscales au Canada, et prête une attention particulière aux impôts sur le revenu au sommet de la distribution des revenus. La théorie, la méthodologie et la mesure sont au coeur de la discussion. Je constate que l’impôt canadien sur le revenu des particuliers est progressif et il est conforme à la règle Buffett si on compare le haut de la distribution des revenus avec le milieu. Dans la moitié inférieure de la distribution, les questions de mesure sont essentielles pour décrire la charge fiscale. Au sommet de la distribution, les hypothèses d’incidence basées sur différentes théories de la mobilité du capital sont primordiales et ont un impact important sur la progressivité mesurée.Abstract:This article addresses the burden of tax revenue in Canada with particular attention to income taxes at the top of the income distribution. Theory, methodology, and measurement are central to the discussion. I find that the Canadian personal income tax is progressive and satisfies the Buffett rule comparing the top of the income distribution with the middle. In the bottom half of the distribution, issues of measurement are pivotal to characterizing the tax burden. At the top of the distribution, incidence assumptions based on different theories of capital mobility are paramount and have a large impact on measured progressivity.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"30 1","pages":"211 - 224 - 225 - 253 - 254 - 266 - 267 - 284 - 285 - 303 - 304 - 316 - 317 - 321 - 322 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76084605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Long-Term Care in Quebec: What Are the Cost Savings from a Realistic Shift toward More Home Care?","authors":"Nicholas-James Clavet, R. Hébert, P. Michaud","doi":"10.54932/zrzh8256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54932/zrzh8256","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Dans cet article, nous tâchons d’estimer les besoins et les dépenses à venir en matière de soins de longue durée au Québec, tout en proposant et en évaluant un train de réformes qui répondrait mieux aux besoins et serait plus viable financièrement que les politiques actuelles. Ce train de réformes consiste en une transition vers un usage plus intensif des soins à domicile, simultanément à l’élargissement des soins pris en charge par le gouvernement. L’un des éléments clés de la réforme consiste à donner davantage d’autonomie aux utilisateurs et utilisatrices quant au choix de leur fournisseur de soins, par la création d’un compte de soins pour personnes âgées; ce compte permettrait aux personnes qui en ont besoin de se procurer les services de différents prestataires, tant parmi les soins fournis à domicile que parmi les soins fournis en établissement. Dans le but de rendre plus neutre le soutien public à différentes formes de soin, nous proposons également d’augmenter la contribution des résidents et des résidentes des maisons de soins, tout en privilégiant le maintien des crédits d’impôt accordés aux personnes âgées dont les besoins en soins sont peu élevés. À partir d’une modélisation dynamique détaillée des besoins en soins, des modes de vie et des dépenses, nous estimons que les besoins en soins de longue durée connaîtront une hausse accélérée dans les vingt prochaines années, et que leurs coûts deviendront rapidement prohibitifs si les politiques actuelles demeurent en vigueur. Nous montrons qu’il existe un moyen de réduire ces coûts de manière substantielle.Abstract:In this article, we aim to estimate future long-term care needs and expenditures in Quebec while proposing and evaluating a reform package that could deliver increased coverage and be more financially sustainable than current policy. This reform package consists of a shift toward more intensive use of home care while increasing public coverage of care needs. A key feature of the proposed reform is to improve users’ ability to choose their provider with the creation of a senior’s care account, an account that allows individuals in need to purchase services from several providers, including both home and institutional care. To improve the neutrality of public support across care arrangements, we also propose an increase in the resident contribution in nursing homes while favouring the continued use of existing tax credits to help seniors with lower care needs. Using detailed dynamic modelling of care needs, living arrangements, and expenditures, we estimate that long-term care needs will grow rapidly in the next two decades, and the costs will quickly become prohibitive under current policy. We show that substantial cost savings may exist.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"48 1","pages":"35 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80366812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagining Resilient Courts: from COVID-19 to the Future of Canada's Court System.","authors":"David Matyas, Peter Wills, Barry Dewitt","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-015","DOIUrl":"10.3138/cpp.2021-015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged an array of democratic institutions in complex and unprecedented ways. Little academic work, however, has considered the pandemic's impact on Canada's courts. This article aims to partially fill that gap by exploring the Canadian court system's response to COVID-19 and the prospects for administering justice amid disasters, all through the lens of resilience. After taking a forensic look at how the court system has managed the challenges brought on by COVID-19, we argue that features of resilience such as self-organization, flexibility, learning, and reflexive planning can contribute to the administration of justice during future shocks. We propose that the business of judging during shocks can become more integral to the business as usual of court systems. Imagining such a resilient court can be a way to step from COVID-19 to the future of Canada's court system.</p>","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"48 1","pages":"186-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9395162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Unequal COVID-19 Burden in Canada Due to Unequal Levels of Citizen Discipline across Provinces?","authors":"Jean-François Daoust, Éric Bélanger, Ruth Dassonneville, Erick Lachapelle, Richard Nadeau","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-060","DOIUrl":"10.3138/cpp.2021-060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The unequal burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis (e.g., in terms of infection and death rates) across Canadian provinces is important and puzzling. Some have speculated that differences in levels of citizen compliance with public health preventive measures are central to understanding cross-provincial differences in pandemic-related health outcomes. However, no systematic empirical test of this hypothesis has been conducted. In this research, we make use of an exceptionally large dataset that includes 23 survey waves (<i>N</i> = 22,610) fielded in Canada across 12 months (April 2020-April 2021) to answer the question \"Is there evidence of substantial cross-provincial differences in citizen compliance with basic public health measures designed to prevent the spread of infection?\" We find that regional differences in self-reported behaviour are few and very modest, suggesting that interprovincial differences in COVID-19-related health outcomes have little to do with differences in citizen compliance, at least in the first year of the pandemic. These results have important implications. Although it is crucial that we continue to study regional variations related to the COVID-19 burden, public health agency officials, pundits, and politicians should be cautious when musing about the role of citizen compliance as the primary explanation of interprovincial pandemic health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":"48 1","pages":"124-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9395160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10238200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}