Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques最新文献

{"title":"Child Welfare Workers with Occupational Stress Injuries: A Content Analysis of Workers' Compensation Legislation in Canada","authors":"C. de Boer, S. Small, Kathleen C. Sitter, R. Ricciardelli, A. Hall","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:L'objectif de cette analyse de contenu est d'étudier les lois sur l'indemnisation des accidents de travail au Canada, dans le but de déterminer si les mesures législatives en place répondent aux besoins des travailleuses et travailleurs en protection de l'enfance qui subissent des blessures liées au stress occupationnel (BSO). Après une revue de littérature détaillée sur les risques psychologiques inhérents au travail de protection de l'enfance, ainsi qu'une analyse du contenu des lois sur l'indemnisation des accidents de travail au Canada, nous soutenons deux choses : (a) la nature du travail de protection de l'enfance et les facteurs organisationnels exposent les intervenant·es de ce milieu à des risques particuliers de développer des BSO ; (b) quand ces intervenant·es subissent effectivement une blessure psychologique, ils et elles doivent s'orienter dans un système d'indemnisation des accidents de travail qui ne reconnait pas leur blessure comme une blessure occupationnelle et indemnisable. En tant qu'intervenant·es de première ligne responsables de la sécurité des enfants, les travailleurs et travailleuses en protection de l'enfance sont exposé·es à du stress aigu autant qu'à du stress chronique, ce qui leur fait courir un risque psychologique considérable, similaire à celui que subissent les personnes qui figurent actuellement sous la catégorie des « emplois d'exception » (premiers répondants et premières répondantes et autres intervenant·es de la sécurité publique) dans les lois sur l'indemnisation des accidents du travail. Nous recommandons que les agences d'intervention en protection de l'enfance prennent plus de mesures pour atténuer les risques psychologiques de leurs intervenant·es et que parmi les mesures législatives sur l'indemnisation des accidents de travail, les services de protection de l'enfance soient considérés comme un « emploi d'exception » et que leurs intervenant·es reçoivent par conséquent une indemnisation comparable à celle de leurs homologues de cette catégorie d'emploi.Abstract:The purpose of this content analysis was to examine workers' compensation legislation in Canada to determine whether and how well the legislation meets the needs of front-line child welfare workers (CWWs) who have sustained an occupational stress injury (OSI). Following an extensive review of the literature pertaining to the psychological risks inherent in child welfare work and a content analysis of workers' compensation legislation in Canada, we make two arguments: (a) the nature of child welfare work and organizational factors uniquely place CWWs at risk for OSIs, and (b) when psychologically injured, CWWs navigate a workers' compensation system that can fail to recognize their injuries as work-related and compensable. As front-line workers responsible for ensuring the safety of children, CWWs are frequently exposed to both acute and chronic traumatic stress, which places them at significant psychological risk correlative to that ","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80425415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editors’ Introduction: Pensions, Retirement, Longevity, and Long-Term Care","authors":"P. Michaud, Kevin Milligan, Tammy Schirle","doi":"10.3138/cpp.48.s2-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.48.s2-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81108732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Canadians Working amid a New Normal: Recent Immigrant Wage Penalties in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Danielle Lamb, Rupa Banerjee, Talia Emanuel","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-003","DOIUrl":"10.3138/cpp.2022-003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed and arguably intensified many existing inequalities. This analysis explores the relationship between recent immigrant earnings and the pandemic. Specifically, we attempt to empirically answer the question \"Has the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated (or mitigated) recent immigrant-non-immigrant employment and wage gaps?\" We find that the pandemic did not change the labour force activity profile of recent or long-term immigrants. Moreover, the pandemic did not disproportionately disadvantage recent immigrants' earnings. In fact, recent immigrant men who were employed during the COVID-19 crisis experienced a small but statistically significant earnings premium. This was insufficient, however, to overcome the overall earnings discount associated with being a recent immigrant. In addition, we find that the recent immigrant COVID-19 earnings boost is observable only at and below the median of the earnings distribution. We also use Heckman selection correction to attempt to adjust for unobserved sample selection into employment during the pandemic. The fact that COVID-19 has not worsened recent immigrant earnings gaps should not overshadow the large, recent immigrant earnings disparities that existed before the pandemic and continue to exist regardless of the COVID-19 crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10234262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78143075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Uncertainties: Evaluating the Shift in Canadian Immigration Policies during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Ashika Niraula, Anna Triandafyllidou, Marshia Akbar","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-010","DOIUrl":"10.3138/cpp.2022-010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada has a proactive immigration policy that invites individuals, mostly highly skilled ones, from around the world to make it their new home. The pandemic border closures severely affected the flow of immigrants from other countries, so the Canadian government turned to the temporary migrants who were already in the country and facilitated their transition to permanent status. Reviewing the relevant policy documents and analysing 22 semi-structured qualitative interviews with stakeholders in Ontario, we critically examine the impact of two transition measures: the amendments to Express Entry and the Temporary Residence to Permanent Residence Pathway Program. We also discuss the changes in the work permit program for international graduates. Moreover, we analyse Canadian migration management during the pandemic at three levels: the macro level (i.e., transition measures and attainment of national goals), the meso level (i.e., stakeholders' evaluations of the transition measures), and the micro level (i.e., stakeholders' perceptions of migrants' experiences with the transition measures).</p>","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10234257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88656696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earnings Gaps between Native-Born Canadians and Immigrants: The Role of Firms in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec","authors":"B. Dostie, Jiang Li, Daniel Parent","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:De plus en plus de travaux montrent que les différences salariales s'expliquent, en partie, par le fait que la main-d'œuvre provenant de différents groupes se répartit différemment entre les entreprises qui offrent des salaires élevés et celles qui offrent des salaires bas ou par le fait que ses salaires sont différents au sein d'une même entreprise. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à savoir s'il existe une différence entre la manière dont ces deux options contribuent aux écarts salariaux observés entre personnes issues de l'immigration et personnes natives de la Colombie-Britannique, de l'Ontario et du Québec, provinces qui reçoivent plus de 80 pour cent du flux migratoire au Canada. Nous mettons au jour une ressemblance surprenante entre les trois provinces quant à la manière dont les entreprises contribuent à l'écart salarial entre population native et population immigrante.Abstract:A growing literature shows that earnings differentials are explained in part by the fact that workers from different groups sort differently into high-paying and low-paying firms or are paid differently within the same firm. In this article, we explore whether any differences exist in how those two different channels contribute to earnings differentials between immigrants and native-born Canadians in the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec, which account for more than 80 percent of all immigrants in Canada. We find a surprising degree of similarity across the three provinces in the way in which firms contribute to the immigrant–native-born earnings gap.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77056943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employer Attitudes and the Hiring of Immigrants and International Students: Evidence from a Survey of Employers in Atlantic Canada","authors":"T. Fang, Na Xiao, Jane Zhu, J. Hartley","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Quelles sont les perceptions des employeurs et des employeuses du Canada atlantique concernant l'embauche de personnes d'origine étrangère, immigrants et immigrantes, étudiants étrangers et étudiantes étrangères ? Comment ces perceptions sont-elles liées aux résultats de l'embauche ? Notre analyse, qui se base sur un sondage aléatoire réalisé en 2019 auprès d'un échantillon représentatif de 801 employeurs et employeuses, montre que la plupart déclarent avoir des attitudes favorables envers ces populations. Une analyse par la méthode des probits de l'échantillon d'employeurs et d'employeuses qui déclarent recevoir des candidatures de ces populations montre également que l'embauche au sein de ce groupe est associée positivement à la croyance des employeurs que le multiculturalisme augmente la créativité dans le milieu de travail et (moins clairement) à la croyance que les personnes issues de l'immigration travaillent plus fort que les travailleurs et travailleuses de souche ; négativement aux croyances que les membres de ce groupe acceptent des salaires moins élevés, se heurtent à des barrières linguistiques, coutent plus cher à former, possèdent des diplômes et des qualifications peu fiables et (moins fortement) sont moins susceptibles de demeurer dans l'entreprise ; et de manière irrégulière avec les croyances que ce groupe peut aider à augmenter les exportations, qu'il connait peu la culture canadienne ou le milieu du travail au Canada et qu'il occupe parfois des emplois au détriment de la main-d'œuvre locale.Abstract:What are employers' perceptions regarding hiring immigrants and international students in Atlantic Canada? How are these perceptions related to hiring outcomes? Our analysis, based on a 2019 random representative survey of 801 employers, finds that most report positive attitudes toward immigrants and international students. Probit analysis of the sample of employers who report receiving applications from immigrants and international students also finds that hiring from this group is positively associated with employers' belief that multiculturalism enhances creativity in the workplace and (less clearly) with the belief that immigrants and international students are harder working than native-born local workers; negatively with beliefs that such workers accept lower pay, have language barriers, have higher training costs, hold unreliable credentials, and (less strongly) have lower retention probabilities; and not consistently with the belief that such workers may help in increasing exports, are unfamiliar with the Canadian culture or workplace, or may take jobs away from locals.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90461683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the Capital Requirement: Perspectives on the Need for More Long-Term-Care Beds in Ontario","authors":"Blair Roblin, R. Deber, Andrea Baumann","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Il manque à l’Ontario, à l’heure actuelle, 70 000 places en soins de longue durée (SLD), soit 38 000 pour vider les listes d’attentes et 32 000 de plus pour compenser les installations qui doivent être remplacées, pour un cout total de plus de 20 milliards de dollars. Cette étude porte sur les sources et les exigences du financement des maisons de soins de longue durée en Ontario, ainsi que sur les structures de propriété dans ce secteur. Des entrevues semi-structurées permettent de comprendre les moyens dont disposent les propriétaires de maisons de SLD, leurs difficultés et leur volonté d’entreprendre les projets de construction nécessaires. Les propriétaires qui ont répondu au sondage ont nommé les difficultés suivantes : le manque d’accès au capital de financement, le rendement insuffisant du capital privé, les différences dans le financement selon le modèle de propriété, les différences de couts selon la région, ainsi qu’une règlementation contraignante. Des options concernant les politiques sont proposées pour surmonter ces obstacles et stimuler la construction et la relance des maisons de SLD.Abstract:Ontario has an immediate need for 70,000 long-term-care (LTC) beds—38,000 to address current waitlists and a further 32,000 in need of replacement, which together will cost more than $20 billion. This study examines funding sources and requirements and ownership structures in the LTC homes sector in Ontario. Semi-structured interviews were used to understand the ability, challenges, and willingness of LTC home owners to undertake the needed construction. Respondents identified poor access to capital funding, inadequate returns on private capital, differences in funding by ownership model, differing costs by region, and regulatory obstacles. Policy options are identified to overcome constraints and spur construction and redevelopment of LTC homes.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89075072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dying at Home: A Privilege for Those with Time and Money","authors":"C. Armstrong, R. Devlin","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:C’est un fait bien documenté que les gens préfèrent mourir à la maison, plutôt qu’à l’hôpital ou dans un autre établissement. Les économies dont profitent les gouvernements provinciaux dans ce cas sont elles aussi solidement documentées. Or, malgré ces objectifs concordants, de nombreuses personnes qui pourraient et préfèreraient mourir à la maison s’éteignent à l’hôpital. Dans cet article, nous examinons le lien qui existe entre le cout en temps et en argent et les résultats des décès à la maison, en nous servant des décès rapportés de 2007 à 2019 dans la Base canadienne de données sur l’état civil. Nous nous concentrons sur les décès liés au cancer, pour lesquels les gens, le plus souvent, ont le temps de choisir le lieu où il se produira.Abstract:The preference for dying at home, as opposed to in a hospital or other facility, is well established. So too are the cost savings for provincial governments from home deaths. Despite these aligned objectives, many individuals who could and would prefer to die at home find themselves dying in a hospital. In this article, we examine how time and money costs are associated with the home death outcome using Canadian Vital Statistics death records from 2007 to 2019. The focus is on cancer-related deaths, for which patients often have the time to think about and plan the location of death.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80810025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-Jurisdictional Retirement in Canada","authors":"Derek Messacar","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Cette étude est la première qui porte sur la retraite interprovinciale au Canada, expression qui renvoie au fait de travailler dans un territoire de compétence donné, province ou territoire, et de s’installer à la retraite dans un autre territoire de compétence. En appliquant une méthode d’étude de l’évènement à des données administratives qui s’étendent de 1982 à 2018, je montre que la probabilité de déménager d’un territoire de compétence à un autre double à la retraite. Ce mouvement est probablement le fait de jeunes contribuables ayant un niveau de revenus supérieur, qui déménagent pendant leurs années d’activité professionnelle pour occuper des emplois à salaire élevé et ont le loisir, plus tard, de prendre une retraite précoce dans leur province ou territoire d’origine. Les provinces de l’Atlantique et la Colombie-Britannique sont des bénéficiaires nettes de retraites interprovinciales, alors que toutes les autres sont des contributrices nettes. Il existe par conséquent une asymétrie entre le lieu où les gens travaillent et paient leurs impôts, et le lieu de leur retraite.Abstract:I provide the first look at inter-jurisdictional retirement in Canada, which refers to working in one jurisdiction but moving to another at retirement. Using administrative data from 1982 to 2018, I find that the likelihood of moving jurisdictions doubles at retirement, using an event-study design. This effect is driven by younger and higher-income tax filers who likely moved during their working years for high-paying jobs and could afford to retire earlier and move home. The Atlantic provinces and British Columbia are net recipients of inter-jurisdictional retirees, whereas all others are net donors. Hence, there is asymmetry between where people work and pay taxes before retirement and where they live after retirement.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88336075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Profit Long-Term Care in Ontario: How Financially Robust Is the System?","authors":"Lisa Halpern, S. Phillips, Nathan J. Grasse","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Les conséquences catastrophiques de la maladie à coronavirus de 2019 ont mis en lumière la nécessité de réformer complètement les politiques, la règlementation et le système de financement des soins de longue durée au Canada, y compris par le renforcement du volet philanthropique du système de soins. Cet article évalue les conséquences, pour les fournisseurs sans but lucratif, de l’évolution des politiques ontariennes relatives aux soins de longue durée. On y analyse les tendances des revenus et de la santé financière des établissements caritatifs de soins de longue durée entre 2004 et 2017. Bien que les revenus de ces établissements tendent à la stabilité, leur solidité financière s’est rigidifiée au fil du temps, soumise à leur dépendance croissante au financement gouvernemental et à l’amenuisement de la contribution philanthropique.Abstract:The disastrous effects of the 2019 pandemic have demonstrated the need for comprehensive reform of the policy, regulatory, and financing regimes of long-term care in Canada, including strengthening the non-profit component of the care system. In this article, we assess the implications of the evolution of Ontario’s long-term-care policy on non-profit providers. We analyze the revenue trends and financial health of charitable long-term-care homes (LTCHs) from 2004 to 2017. Although the general pattern is one of revenue stability for non-profit LTCHs, their financial robustness has become more constrained over time as a result of greater reliance on government funding and declining philanthropy.","PeriodicalId":56148,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83632685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}