Life-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Neutrophil Heterogeneity: Molecules to Cellular Behavior.","authors":"Jonghee Lee, Jingu Lee","doi":"10.3390/life16040696","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutrophils constitute the largest fraction of total circulating leukocytes in humans and mediate early innate immune responses. Although they are often considered a uniform population of short-lived immune cells, emerging evidence from single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional flow cytometry has revealed that neutrophils are functionally and phenotypically heterogeneous in both healthy and pathological conditions. However, a critical gap is how molecularly defined neutrophil states translate into distinct spatiotemporal behaviors in vivo. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular signatures underlying neutrophil heterogeneity and explores the functional in vivo behaviors in various diseases, including cancer, sepsis, and ischemic stroke. We also discuss the potential of intravital imaging to bridge the gap between static molecular profiling and dynamic cellular behavior, offering a comprehensive view of the functional heterogeneity of neutrophils.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Beam: Multimodal Imaging and Surveillance of Post-Radiotherapy Changes in the Breast.","authors":"Silvia Gigli, Giacomo Bonito, Emanuele David, Corrado Spatola, Brandon M Ascenzi, Roberta Valerieva Ninkova, Sandrine Riccardi, Lucia Malzone, Paolo Ricci, Lucia Manganaro","doi":"10.3390/life16040701","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast-conserving therapy, consisting of lumpectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, is the standard of care for early-stage breast cancer, providing oncologic outcomes equivalent to mastectomy while preserving breast anatomy and quality of life. Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone of treatment across disease stages, significantly reducing local recurrence rates and improving long-term survival. Advances in radiotherapy techniques-including conventional fractionation, hypofractionation, tumor-bed boost delivery, and regional nodal irradiation-have optimized oncologic efficacy while inducing a broad spectrum of time-dependent morphological changes in breast tissue. Accurate imaging surveillance is therefore essential to distinguish expected post-radiotherapy changes from tumor recurrence and to avoid unnecessary diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary breast radiotherapy protocols, their impact on post-treatment imaging appearances, and current recommendations for imaging surveillance. Characteristic findings across mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine modalities are discussed, with emphasis on their temporal evolution from acute inflammatory changes to chronic fibrosis, fat necrosis, and architectural distortion. Recognition of these imaging patterns, together with integration of radiotherapy-related parameters into image interpretation, is crucial for accurate diagnosis, early detection of recurrence, and informed clinical management of breast cancer survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Central Sensitization and Emotional Comorbidities in Temporomandibular Involvement Among Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis.","authors":"José Antonio Blanco, Antonio Márquez, Esther Toledano, Rubén Queiro, Javier Martín-Vallejo, María José Fernández-Gómez, Carolina Chacón, Roberto Díaz-Peña, Daniel Martín, Cristina Hidalgo, María Dolores Sánchez, Moisés León González, Carlos Montilla","doi":"10.3390/life16040697","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are frequently underdiagnosed in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and the mechanisms underlying their development remain poorly understood. While inflammatory processes may contribute, central pain sensitization and psychological factors could play a significant role in TMD pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this study were to evaluate clinical characteristics, disease activity, psychiatric comorbidities, and pain processing mechanisms in PsA patients with and without TMD and to identify factors independently associated with temporomandibular involvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study included 190 consecutive PsA patients (CASPAR criteria) from a single tertiary center. Patients with fibromyalgia were excluded. TMD was assessed by maxillofacial specialists. Disease activity (cDAPSA), functional status (HAQ-DI), disease impact (PsAID-12), central sensitization (Central Sensitization Inventory, CSI), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, TSK-11), pressure pain threshold (algometry), and emotional comorbidities (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) were evaluated. An exploratory binary logistic regression identified a factor independently associated with TMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five patients (13.1%) had confirmed TMD, with a significant female predominance (76% vs. 39%; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Only 24% of patients exhibited structural damage on orthopantomography. TMD patients showed higher CSI scores (52 vs. 32; <i>p</i> < 0.001), greater kinesiophobia (TSK-11: 30 vs. 23; <i>p</i> = 0.002), lower pressure pain thresholds (2.1 vs 2.7 kg/cm²; <i>p</i> = 0.03), and higher anxiety (HADS-A: 9 vs. 5; <i>p</i> = 0.001) and depression scores (HADS-D: 6.5 vs. 3; <i>p</i> = 0.001). TMD patients also exhibited worse functional status (HAQ-DI: 0.7 vs. 0.3; <i>p</i> = 0.001) and greater disease impact (PsAID-12: 4.8 vs. 2.9; <i>p</i> = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, central sensitization (OR: 1.1; 95%CI: 1.04-1.18; <i>p</i> = 0.001) and anxiety (OR: 1.2; 95%CI: 1.02-1.61; <i>p</i> = 0.02) were independently associated with TMD (Nagelkerke R² = 0.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TMD in PsA is associated with central sensitization and anxiety rather than mechanisms secondary to bone damage. These findings support a multidimensional approach incorporating screening for central sensitization and psychiatric comorbidities in PsA patients with temporomandibular symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Lateralization, Age, and Sex on Frequency Following Response in Children: Neural Speech Encoding to a 170 ms [da] Stimulus.","authors":"Caroline Donadon, Milaine Dominici Sanfins, Aline Buratti Sanches, Gabriele Libano de Souza Cardoso, Ayla Gabrielle Paschoalon de Mello, Piotr Henryk Skarzynski, Maria Francisca Colella-Santos","doi":"10.3390/life16040695","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central auditory processing efficiency is considered a predictor of how well children can learn to read, with the Frequency Following Response (FFR) serving as a sensitive biomarker of neural speech encoding ability. However, data regarding the 170 ms [da] stimulus in children who are native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) remain limited. This study investigated FFR results in 37 typically developing, normal-hearing children aged 8 to 10 years. Participants underwent audiological, behavioral, and academic performance screenings, followed by monaural FFR recording (using a 170 ms [da] stimulus at 80 dBnHL). Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to examine the effects of age, sex, and ear on the latencies of waves V, A, D, E, F, and O. The analysis revealed a medium effect size for waves D, E, and F, regarding the Ear factor, though statistical significance was specifically observed for wave E. For this wave, sex was also associated with a medium effect size, characterized by longer latencies in female participants. While the results for age did not reach broad statistical significance, the presence of medium effect sizes in wave E may suggest ongoing refinement of neural synchrony and asymmetric maturation during this developmental period. This study contributes to the characterization of neural speech encoding in the Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children and may support future investigation involving auditory processing disorders and learning difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Polysomnographic Studies and Implications for Neurorehabilitation Strategies.","authors":"Laura-Elena Cucu, Laura-Cristina Baciu, Cristina Grosu, Emilian Bogdan Ignat, Carmen Marinela Cumpăt, Mihai Roca, Costin Chirica, Gabriela Popescu, Maria-Magdalena Leon","doi":"10.3390/life16040699","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive rehabilitation represents a cornerstone of disease management in multiple sclerosis (MS), targeting the progressive cognitive decline that affects a significant proportion of patients. Despite growing evidence supporting its clinical utility, rehabilitation outcomes remain variable, and identifying modifiable factors that limit its efficacy has become a research priority. Sleep disorders are common in MS and have been increasingly linked to cognitive impairment, yet evidence based on objective polysomnographic assessment remains limited, and the specific parameters that influence cognitive function are poorly understood. This review synthesizes evidence from polysomnographic studies examining how sleep disturbances influence cognitive performance in MS patients. Following a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, 488 patients were included. Sleep fragmentation, reduced sleep efficiency, and oxygen desaturation indices were associated with impairments in attention, information processing speed, and verbal memory, with nocturnal hypoxia emerging as a potentially important mechanism of cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that identifying and treating sleep disorders may be essential for optimizing cognitive rehabilitation outcomes in MS. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether addressing sleep pathology can enhance rehabilitation efficacy and preserve cognitive function over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nevus Lipomatosus Superficialis with Mixed Morphologic Features: Gross, Sonographic, and Histopathologic Correlation.","authors":"Michelle T Nguyen, Leo P Wu, Grant M Pham","doi":"10.3390/life16040693","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nevus lipomatosus superficialis (NLS) is an uncommon benign hamartoma characterized by ectopic adipocytes within the dermis and may present with features that overlap clinically with other soft, pedunculated, or cerebriform lesions. We report a rare presentation with mixed morphologic traits that created diagnostic uncertainty on gross examination. The lesion demonstrated atypical surface contour and texture, prompting multimodal evaluation to clarify the differential diagnosis and support safe outpatient management. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was used to evaluate lesion architecture and vascularity. Findings provided real-time, noninvasive support for benign morphology and informed procedural planning. Subsequent histopathologic analysis established the diagnosis by demonstrating dermal adipose deposition consistent with NLS. This case underscores the value of integrating gross examination with sonographic assessment and histopathology when cutaneous lesions have overlapping clinical features. In addition, it contributes to the limited literature describing ultrasound findings in NLS. Incorporating POCUS into the assessment of atypical cutaneous growths may improve diagnostic confidence, reduce unnecessary escalation of care, and support efficient, safe treatment in outpatient settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Davide N Tringali, Rosario Ferlito, Rita Bella, Mariagiovanna Cantone, Rita Chiaramonte, Raffaele Ferri, Francesco Fisicaro, Michele Iacona, Maria P Mogavero, Manuela Pennisi, Michele Vecchio, Giuseppe Lanza","doi":"10.3390/life16040700","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> We synthesized evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published between 2019 and 2025 on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and compared different stimulation parameters, cortical targets, and combinations with rehabilitation interventions. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines examined the RCTs applying rTMS in adults with PSCI compared with control or sham groups. The primary outcome was improvement in cognitive function and functional outcomes measured with standardized scales. <b>Results:</b> Fifteen studies, involving a total of 732 patients, were included. The most frequently investigated were high-frequency (≥10 Hz) stimulation protocols of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with treatment cycles ranging from 2 to 6 weeks. Overall, rTMS was generally safe and well tolerated, with rare and mild adverse events. Several studies reported improvements in cognitive performance following rTMS, although effects were variable across trials and need caution in light of heterogeneity in stimulation protocols, sample sizes, outcome measures, and methodological quality. In most cases, rTMS or intermittent theta burst stimulation combined with structured cognitive training yielded greater cognitive and functional gains than stimulation or rehabilitation alone. This suggests a positive interaction between rTMS and cognitive training, although current evidence does not yet allow definitive conclusions. <b>Conclusions:</b> rTMS appears to be a promising strategy for post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation, particularly for attention and executive functioning. However, heterogeneity in stimulation protocols and outcome measures, along with limited sample sizes and short follow-up, reduces the certainty and comparability of current evidence. The widespread reliance on global screening tools may further underestimate domain-specific effects. Future multicentre trials with standardized protocols and more sensitive cognitive assessments are needed to clarify efficacy and guide further clinical application of rTMS in PSCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Cognitive Function in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Prospective Observational Study Protocol.","authors":"Branislav Kollár, Stela Biathová, Katarína Klobučníková, Peter Turčáni, Žofia Rádiková, Ingrid Žitňanová, Ľubica Argalášová, Pavel Šiarnik","doi":"10.3390/life16040692","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and is increasingly recognized as a contributor to cognitive decline and a potential risk factor for neurodegeneration. Previous studies have also identified various associated comorbidities such as vascular dysfunction, metabolic alterations, and neuroinflammatory changes. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy has been associated with cognitive improvement in some studies, but its long-term effects on cognitive function remain uncertain. This study employs a prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort design to examine longitudinal associations between disease severity, PAP therapy and cognition. Additionally, we aim to examine the relationships between cognitive dysfunction, brain structure and associated OSA-related risk factors. A total of 100 eligible participants with mild to severe OSA will be recruited. All participants will undergo comprehensive assessments at baseline and after 12 months, including neurological, pulmonary, and ear, nose and throat clinical examinations, polysomnography, neuropsychological testing, brain magnetic resonance imaging with volumetry, anthropometric measurements, blood and saliva sampling for the assessment of the selected laboratory parameters, gut microbiome analysis, and evaluation of endothelial function and baroreflex sensitivity. This study may improve understanding of how PAP therapy and OSA-related pathophysiological processes influence cognitive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Pain and Functional Limitations After Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus: A Patient-Reported Outcome Study.","authors":"Ruta Jaruseviciene, Gintare Kirkickaite, Saulius Galgauskas","doi":"10.3390/life16040694","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Keratoconus is a progressive corneal condition that leads to visual impairment and is primarily managed with corneal cross-linking (CXL), a procedure designed to halt its progression. However, while the clinical outcomes of CXL are well-documented, its impact on patient well-being, including postoperative pain and recovery, remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate postoperative pain, functional limitations, visual recovery, and patient-reported outcomes following corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured survey was conducted among 31 patients who underwent CXL for keratoconus. The survey assessed postoperative pain using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and collected information on visual recovery, functional limitations, and the socioeconomic effects of the procedure. Clinical data, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and keratometry, were also recorded before and after CXL to evaluate the procedure's efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that postoperative pain was moderate, with a mean pain score of 6.06 ± 1.82, typically lasting 1-3 days. Nearly 54.8% of patients reported significant disruption to daily activities, including missing work or studies, and 77.4% experienced some degree of functional limitation. A statistically significant correlation was observed between postoperative pain intensity and quality-of-life impairment (Spearman's ρ = 0.503, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Despite these challenges, 93.5% of participants reported improvement in vision, with most recovering within a week. Objective clinical data supported the effectiveness of the procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Corneal cross-linking is associated with favorable clinical outcomes; however, the early postoperative period is characterized by moderate pain and functional limitations, highlighting the importance of patient-centered care.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical Evidence for Antidepressant-like Effects of Histamine H3 Receptor Modulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ilaria Pullano, Anna Maria Iazzolino, Stefania Landi, Annarita Vignapiano, Francesco Monaco, Luca Steardo","doi":"10.3390/life16040698","DOIUrl":"10.3390/life16040698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Histamine H3 receptor-targeting compounds modulate histaminergic tone and downstream monoaminergic/arousal circuits and have been proposed to exert potential antidepressant-like effects in preclinical models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent studies evaluating H3-related interventions on depression-like behavior. We screened 60 records, assessed 12 studies qualitatively (four CORE, eight sensitivity), and included nine studies in random-effects meta-analyses (REML). Primary outcomes were the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST); effect sizes were summarized as Hedges' g (positive values indicate reduced immobility).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the primary ALL analysis, H3-related interventions improved FST outcomes (g = 1.40, 95% CI 0.83-1.97; k = 7) and were also associated with improved TST outcomes, albeit with substantial heterogeneity (g = 2.27, 95% CI 0.80-3.73; k = 5). CORE-only analyses were directionally consistent but less precise (FST: g = 1.11, 95% CI -0.06-2.27; k = 3; TST: g = 2.95, 95% CI 0.87-5.02; k = 2). Sucrose preference was reported in one study and indicated improvement (g = 1.61, 95% CI 0.29-2.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>H3-related interventions show an antidepressant-like signal in rodent FST and TST, with greater heterogeneity for TST, highlighting the need for more standardized and adequately powered preclinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}