Amel Bouloufa, Sarah Delcourte, Thomas Delannay, Renaud Rovera, Thorsten Lau, Lionel Mouledous, Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya, Bruno P Guiard, Nasser Haddjeri
{"title":"LSD: Mechanisms and Relevance to the Treatment of Depression.","authors":"Amel Bouloufa, Sarah Delcourte, Thomas Delannay, Renaud Rovera, Thorsten Lau, Lionel Mouledous, Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya, Bruno P Guiard, Nasser Haddjeri","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide, affecting over 350 million people. Standard treatments, primarily antidepressants targeting serotonin, noradrenaline, and/or dopamine, are based on the monoamine hypothesis, which links depression to imbalances in these neurotransmitters. A sizable fraction of patients, however, does not get enough relief, which highlights the limits of current drug treatments. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), a mainly intractable subtype of MDD, affects around 30% of MDD sufferers, therefore it is imperative that better effective therapies be found. Recent research has focused on psychedelic medicines including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which affects serotonergic as well as glutamatergic systems. These drugs have demonstrated potential to induce rapid and long-term antidepressant responses, possibly by the facilitation of neuroplasticity and adjustment of long-term neural communication, even after the drug is cleared from the body. Ongoing clinical trials are testing the efficacy and safety of LSD in TRD and simultaneously resolving problems of placebo design and risk minimization. This narrative review examines the neurobiological mechanisms of LSD, assesses its potential as an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent, and discusses the safety issues associated with its utilization. Although still experimental, psychedelic therapies could demonstrate a significant shift in psychiatric treatment, offering new hope for patients who have not responded to conventional antidepressants. Sustained research is essential to validate these results and guide their integration into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"106407"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systematic Review: Effects of Cholinergic Signaling on Cognition in Human Pharmacological Studies.","authors":"Yuet Ruh Dan, Anastasia Christakou, Karin Roelofs","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the main neurotransmitters in central nervous systems across species. It has been extensively studied in animal models, and is known for its profound role in attention processes and adaptive responses to changing environments. Recent theories propose that this occurs by modulating the relative influence of top-down and bottom-up inputs during perceptual inference and regulating cue-validity updating in uncertain environments. However, the role of ACh in human cognition has mostly been investigated in memory and is less well established in other domains. Here we provide a systematic review of human studies investigating effects of ACh on cognitive functions using pharmacological modulators, with a focus on the cognitive processes needed for acute behavioural adaptation to situational changes. Results revealed that ACh is involved in sustained attention, perceptual detection, the updating of cue-response relationships and the speed of information processing, with differential cognitive effects associated with muscarinic and nicotinic modulators. This supports a role of ACh in prioritizing top-down and bottom-up information in humans, potentially enabling rapid updating of behavioural responses to situational changes. However, efforts to parse out the molecular roles of ACh signaling with pharmacological methodologies may be limited by their relative nonspecificity and an inability to mimic signaling dynamics. Integration of pharmacological findings with neuroimaging data such as functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy may be helpful to identify the effects of cholinergic modulators on whole-brain pharmacodynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"106408"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wouter A J Vints, Evrim Gökçe, Antoine Langeard, Iuliia Pavlova, Özge Selin Çevik, Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini, Jasemin Todri, Orges Lena, Salit Bar Shalom, Suzanne Jak, Ioanna Zorba Zormpa, Christina Karatzaferi, Oron Levin, Nerijus Masiulis, Yael Netz
{"title":"Corrigendum to 'Investigating the mediating effect of myokines on exercise-induced cognitive changes in older adults: A living systematic review and meta-analysis' [Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., vol. 178, (November 2025) 106381].","authors":"Wouter A J Vints, Evrim Gökçe, Antoine Langeard, Iuliia Pavlova, Özge Selin Çevik, Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini, Jasemin Todri, Orges Lena, Salit Bar Shalom, Suzanne Jak, Ioanna Zorba Zormpa, Christina Karatzaferi, Oron Levin, Nerijus Masiulis, Yael Netz","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"106405"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofia Domeij , Ellie Sandberg Larsson , Mike Gilbert , Anders Rasmussen
{"title":"Interspecies variations in eyeblink conditioning","authors":"Sofia Domeij , Ellie Sandberg Larsson , Mike Gilbert , Anders Rasmussen","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A central assumption in neuroscience is that learning mechanisms are conserved across species. Eyeblink conditioning, a cornerstone paradigm for studying associative learning and cerebellar function, has been widely used in humans and animal models alike. Yet direct cross-species comparisons remain rare. In this systematic review, we analyzed 484 eyeblink conditioning experiments reported in 271 studies spanning humans, rabbits, rats, mice, as well as individual studies in other species. Our findings reveal consistent interspecies differences in acquisition rates, timing parameters, and stimulus protocols, with notable variation even within species. These results challenge the assumption of mechanistic equivalence across species and highlight the limitations of generalizing neural mechanisms from one species to another.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106398"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dana Shamai-Leshem , Tamar Radai , Simone Shamay-Tsoory
{"title":"The oxytocin-attention loop of loneliness","authors":"Dana Shamai-Leshem , Tamar Radai , Simone Shamay-Tsoory","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loneliness is a biological signal urging us to reconnect with others. However, some people fail to do so and become trapped in chronic loneliness, which leads to adverse physical and mental consequences. Here, we propose a theoretical bio-behavioral model explaining how loneliness becomes chronic through a self-reinforcing oxytocin-attention loop. We suggest that acute loneliness leads to increased oxytocin release, which projects to the mesolimbic reward system, increasing the salience of social cues. In most individuals, attention is normally biased toward affiliative social cues, thus oxytocin heightens attention toward affiliative cues, promoting reconnection and alleviating loneliness. By contrast, loneliness-vulnerable individuals show attention bias toward signs of rejection. For them, oxytocin-related social salience leads to heightened rejection vigilance, which may result in increased social avoidance and persistent loneliness. Over time, chronic loneliness causes a reduction in oxytocin system reactivity, weakening the motivational drive for reconnection, and diminishing individual’s ability to recover. This model offers an integrative perspective of neurobiological and cognitive factors and provides potential targets for therapeutic interventions for loneliness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106395"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defending the Self: The Role of Oxytocin in Responses to Psychological Threat.","authors":"Chunliang Feng, Wenbo Luo, Ruida Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxytocin (OT) is widely characterized as a prosocial neuropeptide, yet its effects are context-dependent and extend beyond affiliation. Drawing on recent evolutionary perspectives, we advance a framework in which OT supports the defense and enhancement of positively biased self-views. This function is distinctly human because it relies on self-reflection and symbolic self-representation. To assess this account, we synthesize evidence across intrapersonal, social comparison, and social evaluation contexts. Converging findings indicate that OT modulates affective, cognitive, and behavioral processes relevant to self-protection. In particular, OT impacts both proactive (e.g., information selection, non-cooperation) and reactive (e.g., aggression, cognitive distortion) strategies that serve to protect desirable self-views. This self-protection account offers a unifying explanation for heterogeneous and sometimes paradoxical OT effects by reframing them as context-sensitive expressions of self-defense. Common and distinct mechanisms through which OT and the structurally homologous neuropeptide vasopressin contribute to self‑protection are delineated. We conclude by situating the account relative to prevailing theoretical models, delineating priorities for future research, and outlining clinical implications for conditions characterized by self‑protection deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"106406"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spinal Glia-Driven Neuroinflammation as a Therapeutic Target for Neuropathic Pain: Rational Development of Novel Analgesics.","authors":"Zhonghua Zhang, Zhanyu Niu, Shouliang Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system is a suffering and prevalent chronic pain condition with a major impact on the quality of patients' lives. Current pharmacotherapeutic interventions deliver insufficient pain relief, and thus the development of effective analgesics for neuropathic pain represents a significant clinical demand. Notably, accumulating evidence demonstrates that neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes within the central nervous system plays a pivotal role in driving the pathological progression of neuropathic pain. Nerve injury or neuropathy triggers alterations in receptor and ion channel expression on microglia and astrocytes, including upregulation or downregulation. These alterations drive glial proliferation, mediate neuroinflammatory cascades, and facilitate the progression of neuropathic pain. In preclinical studies, clinical drugs or analgesic molecules targeting these glial receptors or ion channels have demonstrated significant neuropathic pain relief and suppression of neuroinflammation. The suppression includes inhibition of gliosis, reduction of pro-inflammatory mediator release, and transition toward anti-inflammatory microglia or neuroprotective astrocytes. Therefore, targeting glial receptors or ion channels involved in neuropathic pain to inhibit neuroinflammatory progression represents a promising therapeutic strategy for developing analgesics with potential long-term pharmacotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"106404"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reina A. Mendoza , Michael A. Grandner , Lana S. Elali , Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
{"title":"Concerning the circadian rhythms of prolactin, its secretion timing, and regulation of the affiliative mind","authors":"Reina A. Mendoza , Michael A. Grandner , Lana S. Elali , Fabian-Xosé Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolactin, traditionally regarded as a lactation hormone, is now understood to be a multifunctional modulator of physiology and behavior, integrating reproductive, metabolic, immune, and affective processes. A defining feature of prolactin is its circadian rhythmicity: in humans, levels peak during the early hours of the night—between 2:00 and 4:00 a.m.—a time closely aligned with caregiving, physical intimacy, and co-sleeping. This review synthesizes the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying prolactin’s secretion, highlighting the roles of dopaminergic inhibition, hypothalamic signaling, photoperiodic input, and circadian regulation via the suprachiasmatic nucleus, alongside interactions with sleep–wake cycles. Beyond its well-established physiological roles, prolactin appears to attenuate activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, promote neural plasticity, and enhance social bonding in mothers and fathers, as well as in non-parental cooperative caregivers. Integrating these data, we propose that prolactin’s nocturnal rise may scaffold a circadian-gated neurobehavioral state – what we term the affiliative mind – characterized by calm affect, empathic attunement, and approach-oriented prosocial motivation. This state is potentiated by oxytocin and endorphin release during close social interactions, forming an amplifying feedback loop. As part of our general hypothesis, we also suggest that prolactin may influence higher-order social cognition through effects on the brain’s default mode network, and that its rhythms may become partially synchronized among individuals who cohabitate. Evolutionarily, prolactin’s nocturnal action may have transformed nighttime vulnerabilities into opportunities for solidifying trust and group cohesion. Together, plausible extensions of available data position prolactin as a chronobiological scaffold for affiliative behavior within and across individuals and social groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106403"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy, effectiveness, and safety/tolerability of lithium in children and adolescents up to 18 years of age with conditions other than mood disorders: A scoping review","authors":"Emilia Matera , Maria Giuseppina Petruzzelli , Lucia Margari , Gabriele Masi , Simone Pisano , Federica Annecchini , Valeria Carruolo , Roberta Melibeo , Fabio Tarantino , Miguel Garcia-Argibay , Samuele Cortese","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In youth, lithium is an effective medication for mood disorders, particularly for mixed and manic episodes of bipolar disorder, and is generally well-tolerated. In some clinical contexts, lithium is used off-label to manage other conditions. We conducted a scoping review of studies on the efficacy/effectiveness and safety/tolerability of lithium for treating youths with psychiatric conditions other than mood disorders or neurological disorders. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to March 31, 2025, with no restrictions on language or document type. We included studies of any design involving children and adolescents (mean age up to 18) treated with lithium, either as monotherapy or in combination with other psychotropic agents. We assessed study quality using the appropriate NHLBI tools and visually summarized the results with a heat map displaying sample size by study design and conditions, as well as the timeline of included studies’ publication years. From 2687 records initially identified, after de-duplication removal and screening, 367 full-text reports were assessed, and 41 studies were included in the review, grouped by type of psychiatric or neurological disorder, most of which had a small sample. Among the assessed studies, 60 % of were considered of “fair” quality and 40 % of “poor” quality. Overall, although the clinical use of lithium beyond bipolar disorder in youth is increasing, the underlying evidence base remains limited. More rigorous research based on RCTs and observational studies with designs aimed at reducing confounding are needed to guide clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106402"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rethinking ambiguity across species","authors":"Marlen Fröhlich , Gerhard Jäger , Asya Achimova","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ambiguity—the capacity for a signal to support multiple interpretations—has long been regarded as a hallmark of human language, linked to sophisticated syntax and pragmatics. Yet recent evidence shows that ambiguity is also widespread in non-human communication systems, especially among primates, where signals are routinely disambiguated through social and interactional context. We maintain that ambiguity is not a communicative flaw but an evolved strategy that enhances efficiency and flexibility across species. Drawing on cross-species data and probabilistic modelling, we argue that ambiguity offers adaptive benefits: balancing signal cost, informativeness, and interpretive flexibility. We propose that pragmatic ambiguity resolution likely predates language and reflects shared cognitive capacities for social inference. Recognising ambiguity as a comparative phenomenon reframes debates on language evolution and highlights shared adaptive pressures shaping communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106401"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}