Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Expression of concern: \"Classification of neurological and mental health disorders based on multimodal approaches: A comprehensive review\" [Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 179 C (December) (2025)].","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"106614"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoception in normative development and the drive toward agency: Relevance for understanding aspects of schizophrenia.","authors":"Clifford Abel, Beier Yao, Tamara Somo, Alireza Amirsadri, Anthony G Hudetz, Otto Muzik, Katherine N Thakkar, Vaibhav A Diwadkar","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A coherent and unified sense of ownership (the sense that \"I\" am a unified entity that is undergoing experiences) and of agency (the sense that \"I\" am causing actions and responsible for their effects) are fundamental human characteristics. Initial rhythmic visceral signals (primarily cardiac) early in the lifespan, may be an embryonic scaffold on which functionally well-organized brain networks are formed. These rhythmic visceral dynamics allow the brain to train itself to model physiological sensations within the body. These visceral afferent signals are precursors of interoception, which is the brain's ability to interpret internal physiological states and eventually develop action plans in the world. Together interoception and exteroception (the complementary ability to sense, process and respond to external events) contribute to a fully formed neural system which can distinguishes the internal (to the body) from the external (in the world). This set of ideas are relevant in thinking about a disorder like schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is characterized by deficits in ownership, agency, interoception and exteroception, but their bases have not been conceptually linked. Our attempted synthesis suggests that disruptions in visceral afferent training are the first in a cascade of aberrant neurodevelopmental processes that eventually manifest as schizophrenia. The paper attempts to pull together concepts that link schizophrenia to aberrant neurodevelopment, brain network dysconnection, impaired interoception and disturbed agency. When further elaborated upon, this synthesis may allow us to interpret the clinical and cognitive deficits that define the disorder's core and expand interest in the study of interoception in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"106726"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal strategies for diagnosis, stratification, and therapeutic monitoring in ALS.","authors":"Rafael López-Blanch, María Oriol-Caballo, José M Estrela, Elena Obrador","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons (MN) that is currently diagnosed through a prolonged process of exclusion, often delaying intervention. This review provides an overview of fluid, imaging, electrophysiological, and genetic biomarkers, explicitly linking each modality to early detection, patient stratification, disease monitoring, therapeutic development, and clinical trial design. Fluid biomarkers (i.e., neurofilament light chain, phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain, inflammatory cytokines, microRNAs, and proteins in blood or cerebrospinal fluid) reflect neuronal injury and/or disease activity, enabling early identification of pres-ymptomatic individuals and longitudinal tracking of neurodegeneration. Imaging biomarkers, such as structural and diffusion MRI of the motor cortex, corticospinal tracts, and spinal cord, as well as PET imaging neuroinflammation or metabolism, provide objective measures of MN degeneration and extra-motor involvement. Electrophysiological biomarkers, including high-density electromyography, motor unit number, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electrical impedance myography, quantitatively assess upper and lower MN loss and functional reserve. Genetic biomarkers, encompassing variants in genes such as C9orf72, SOD1, FUS, and TARDBP, enable presymptomatic screening and molecular stratification. In this context, transposable elements have emerged as an additional layer linking genomic variation and RNA dysregulation. We highlight the importance of multimodal and stage-specific biomarker integration to improve diagnostic accuracy and illuminate distinct disease phases. This approach supports stratification by progression rate or molecular subtype, enrichment of clinical trial cohorts, and the development of surrogate endpoints. We conclude by discussing current challenges, including disease heterogeneity and assay standardization, and outline future directions toward biomarker-driven precision medicine in ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"106727"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF VAGAL CIRCUITRY IN RODENTS AND HUMANS.","authors":"Sarah Panvini, Anna Kamitakahara, Linda Rinaman, Pat Levitt","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given clear connections between mental and physical health, the impact of dysfunctional brain-body communication on emotional behavior and psychopathology is garnering increased attention. Vagal circuits comprise a major neural substrate for communication between the brain and peripheral organs, and evidence suggests that these circuits are developmentally plastic and sensitive to stress and other environmental challenges. Here, we review historic and current literature regarding how early life experience shapes the development of vagal circuitry in rodents and in humans. We discuss the anatomical intricacies of the sensory and motor vagal systems in rodents and outline their pre- and postnatal windows of developmental plasticity. We then focus on how two core features of early life experience, i.e., nutrition and maternal care, alter vagal circuit development in rodents. We discuss human studies that use differing psychological frameworks for measuring, interpreting, and contextualizing vagal contributions to the development of emotional control and stress response systems. We focus on infant, child, and adolescent research that test relations between parental care and/or early life adversity and vagal function, and how these factors impact emotional regulation and development of psychopathology. By synthesizing literature across species, we draw attention to novel insights and testable hypotheses that can be explored using different model systems. We emphasize the importance of considering environmental context and developmental timing for study design and interpretation of results. We conclude that vagal circuitry is an environmentally sensitive system for encoding stressful experiences during early life in rodents and in humans, with lifespan health consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"106728"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neural basis of imagination: An evolutionary perspective","authors":"Oryan Zacks,&nbsp;Eva Jablonka","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of imagination has progressed due to its operationalization through a variety of behavioural tasks, initially designed for human participants and later adapted to non-human animals. However, this behavioural data has proven insufficient for inferring the level and scope of imagination in animals. To better understand human imagination, and its possible manifestations in animals, we trace here the evolutionary origin of the default mode network (DMN), which is central to human imagination. We show that the evolution of the DMN involved significant neural innovations at the base of the mammalian lineage: the emergence of the neocortex and a substantial reorganization of the hippocampus. These two structures underwent parallel evolution, including the emergence of a 3D organization, the establishment of a canonical microcircuit, a significant development of pyramidal neurons, and the emergence of dedicated compartments of granular neurons. We suggest that previous studies have underestimated the importance of hippocampal modifications in shaping the mammalian brain, especially considering its central role in studies of memory consolidation, replay and human imagination more generally. Looking beyond mammals, we expect to find a functionally similar network in birds, convergent with the mammalian DMN. We end with a discussion of findings that could be construed as indicators of imagination within and outside the mammalian clade and the relations of our extraordinary human imagination to language.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106590"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human caregiving under safety and threat: The role of empathy and its endocrine regulation","authors":"Peter A. Bos ,&nbsp;Hannah Spencer ,&nbsp;Renate S.M. Buisman","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empathy is a core motivational driver of human caregiving, shaped by evolution to ensure the survival of dependent others. Human caregiving consists of two complementary components that are each supported by distinct neuroendocrine systems: nurturance, which flourishes under safety, and protection, which is activated in the face of threat. This review synthesizes current evidence on how empathy operates within these components, focusing on the endocrine regulation of caregiving and the adaptive shifts that occur along the safety–threat continuum. We highlight how oxytocin, testosterone, cortisol, and opioids modulate empathic processes to promote either nurturing, soothing care or rapid, protective responses. While these shifts are essential for flexible caregiving, severe or prolonged activation of the stress system, particularly in contexts of chronic adversity, can impair sensitivity and compassion, leading to maladaptive outcomes. We also discuss individual differences, such as sex and early life experiences, that shape the regulation of empathy in caregiving contexts. Understanding these dynamic interactions can inform interventions aimed at strengthening the quality of care, with relevance extending beyond the parent–child relationship to other caregiving domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106600"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune-cognitive relationships across viral infections: A transnosological systematic review","authors":"Anthony Nuber-Champier ,&nbsp;Gautier Bréville ,&nbsp;Patrice H. Lalive ,&nbsp;Frédéric Assal ,&nbsp;Julie A. Péron","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has renewed interest in the relationship between immunity and cognition. Despite decades of work, the impact of viral exposure, mainly in the field of HIV, herpes and hepatitis infections, on distinct cognitive processes remains unclear, as most studies use global screening tools (e.g., MoCA) in isolation in each infectious context. This systematic narrative review adopts a transnosological approach, summarizing previously reported immune–cognition relationships across viral infections. Of 931 studies, 32 met inclusion criteria (<em>N</em> = 25,325) spanning SARS-CoV-2, HIV, herpes, hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, and multiple infections. Reported studies on immuno-cognitive relationships reveal several consistent findings. Elevated circulating CD14⁺CD16⁺ intermediate monocytes correlated with slower processing speed, reduced episodic memory and mental flexibility. Higher CD4⁺ T cells were associated with better processing speed, while reduced T cells and B cells levels together with elevated IgG predicted deficits in memory and attention. Most proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were associated with impairments in overlapping cognitive domains (e.g., memory), whereas IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, consistently supported executive and memory performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106588"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological substrates of structure-function coupling in brain networks","authors":"Panagiotis Fotiadis ,&nbsp;Amy F.T. Arnsten ,&nbsp;Linden Parkes ,&nbsp;Theodore D. Satterthwaite ,&nbsp;Russell T. Shinohara ,&nbsp;Dani S. Bassett","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we draw insight from the fields of neurobiology and computational neuroscience to address a fundamental question: Why does the correlation between structural and functional connectivity vary across the human cortex? We begin by summarizing empirical studies that reveal the heterogeneous expression of structure-function coupling across brain regions and among individuals. We then identify potential biological factors that mediate this variability, focusing on the roles of evolution, myeloarchitecture, cytoarchitecture, and neuromodulation in sculpting the dynamic and diverse structure-function landscape of the human cortex. We next turn to computational modeling to deepen our understanding of the relationship between a system’s structural architecture and functional expression. We investigate biologically inspired computational models that map structure to function in human brain networks, paying special attention to studies that simulate external perturbations and structural lesions, and discuss the insights these approaches offer into the causal mechanisms governing the heterogeneous interplay between structural and functional connectivity. We close with a discussion of future directions, emphasizing efforts to bridge neurobiology and computational modeling to design biologically accurate, individualized models of the human brain. In particular, we highlight the potential of multi-layered networks informed by individual-specific microstructural and neuromodulatory gradients and governed by non-linear dynamics as a particularly fruitful direction. Such personalized models accounting for the synergistic effects of biological gradients could be experimentally validated to assess their predictive efficacy, ultimately bringing us one step closer to non-invasive, connectome-based clinical treatments tailored to the individual.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106581"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stress–pain connection in chronic primary pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of physiological stress markers in relation to experimental pain responses","authors":"Joren Vyverman ,&nbsp;Robrecht De Baere ,&nbsp;Inge Timmers ,&nbsp;Iris Coppieters ,&nbsp;Jessica Van Oosterwijck ,&nbsp;Matthijs Moerkerke","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dysfunctioning of stress systems, i.e., the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, has been implicated in chronic pain. However, the exact interplay between (re)activity and recovery of stress and pain systems in chronic pain remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024495934). Six databases were searched to identify relevant literature. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and certainty of evidence (CoE) with GRADE. Clusters of interactions between physiological markers of stress and experimental outcomes of pain were formed based on the timing of the stress measurements. Fifty-two studies (5 cross-sectional, 47 case-control; n = 2657) were included and scored on average 9/12 (range: 2–11) on RoB. Overall CoE was very low to moderate. Qualitative analyses showed significant correlations between lower mean arterial pressure and higher pain sensitivity at baseline in individuals with chronic primary pain, which was supported by a meta-analysis. Furthermore, meta-analyses showed that higher pain sensitivity was associated with higher cortisol levels at baseline, lower high-frequency heart rate variability during recovery, and higher heart rate at multiple timepoints of the stress system response. Other associations did not yield significance. Taken together, these findings suggest that dysfunction of the ANS and HPA axis is linked to heightened pain sensitivity in chronic primary pain populations. However, the level of evidence remains low due to methodological heterogeneity, highlighting the need for studies combining stress markers and pain measures to provide insights into underlying stress-pain mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106604"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-level meta-analysis of vagally-mediated heart rate variability and post-traumatic stress disorder","authors":"Rebeka C. Tucker ,&nbsp;Paul J. Taylor ,&nbsp;Sarita Jane Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, as evidenced by diminished vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). To date, no meta-analysis has systematically compared 5-minute and 24-hour vmHRV recordings in PTSD, limiting our understanding of how recording duration influences findings. This study examined differences in vmHRV between individuals with PTSD and controls using both 5-minute and 24-hour recordings. The meta-analysis synthesised data from 24 studies involving 2537 participants and 34 effect sizes. A novel analytical approach was used and involved traditional multi-level meta-analysis, robust variance estimation, and separate analyses across vmHRV indices and recording durations to isolate independent effects. Whilst vmHRV was consistently reduced in individuals with PTSD, the magnitude of this effect was greater in studies utilising 5-minute recordings than those using 24-hour recordings. Therefore, the results indicate that methodological differences in HRV assessment, particularly recording duration, significantly influence the observed magnitude of vmHRV reductions in PTSD. The robust analytical strategy enhances the reliability of vmHRV as a biomarker of ANS dysregulation in PTSD. The findings highlight the need for standardised vmHRV protocols in PTSD research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106585"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}