Journal of Herbal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Mangifera indica Leaves and Their Antibacterial Efficacy Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria","authors":"Mohammed Alissa","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a critical challenge to healthcare, prompting the need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. This study explores the potential of <em>Mangifera indica</em> (mango leaves) combined with silver nanoparticles (<strong>AgNPs</strong>) as a solution due to their bioactive properties. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of key bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and biomolecules such as magniferin and benzoquinone di-tert-butyl derivative. Silver nanoparticles were synthesised using both aqueous and ethanolic extracts, with the antibacterial efficacy tested against methicillin-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em>, oxacillin-resistant <em>Klebsiella spp</em>, methicillin-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. The ethanolic extract demonstrated superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 19.7 mm against <em>E coli</em>, 26.8 mm against <em>Klebsiella spp</em>, 22.9 mm against <em>P aeruginosa</em>, and 24.1 mm against <em>S aureus</em> at 100 mg/ml. The ethanolic extract also exhibited lower minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values, indicating greater potency compared to the aqueous extract. These results align with previous research, where plant-derived AgNPs, particularly from ethanolic extracts, have shown stronger antimicrobial activity due to better solubility of bioactive compounds. Overall, <em>M indica</em> extracts synthesised with AgNPs, especially using ethanol, offer significant potential in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria and provide an eco-friendly alternative to traditional antibiotics. Further research into clinical applications is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential oil of Cleome coluteoides (Boiss.): phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, enzymatic inhibition, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory properties","authors":"Majid Sharifi-Rad ,&nbsp;Jibanjyoti Panda ,&nbsp;Yugal Kishore Mohanta ,&nbsp;Pawel Pohl ,&nbsp;Gokhan Zengin ,&nbsp;Mark G. Moloney","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Plant based natural products are well known for their therapeutic potential as they are used to treat many diseases, but these plants need to be validated through the scientific study. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of the bioactive compounds present in the essential oils of the <em>Cleome coluteoides.</em></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Different parts of the plant, including leaves, flowers, fruits, stems and roots, were used to extract the essential oils. The chemical composition of essential oils was analysed by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their antimicrobial properties were evaluated against several human pathogens (three fungi and four bacteria). The enzyme inhibition activity (α-amylase, tyrosinase, butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory tests) of the essential oils was evaluated, along with, their antioxidant activity (DPPH, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) tests), xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, antiproliferative activity (against MCF-7 and Hep-G2), anti-arthritic activity (protein denature assay), and anti-inflammatory activity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Phytol, sclareol, 7-α-hydroxy manool, and piperitone were found to be the main compounds of the studied essential oils. Notable antibacterial, antifungal, enzyme inhibition, antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, antiproliferative, anti-arthritic, and inflammatory activities were found form the essential oils. The best activity was found in the case of the essential oils made from leaves.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion<em>/</em>Conclusions</h3><div>These potential biological activities along with the chemical constitutes present in the essential oils of <em>C. coluteoides</em> can make them potentially utilisable in different biomedical and therapeutic applications in the future. Additionally, the studied plant and their essential oils can serve as a natural remedy for a variety of lifestyle diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting NAFLD and NASH with Tinospora crispa: insights from network pharmacology and molecular dynamics","authors":"Shuvam Sar ,&nbsp;Nurul Hassan Mondal ,&nbsp;Tanmoy Banerjee ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Halder ,&nbsp;Nilanjan Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Tinospora crispa</em> (TC), also known as ‘Petawali,’ is an Indian medicinal plant renowned in folk medicine and Ayurveda for its extensive therapeutic properties. Despite its known benefits, the hepatoprotective potential of TC, particularly against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), remains unexplored scientifically. This study aims to identify phytocompounds in TC that may be effective against NAFLD/NASH-related targets and elucidate their mechanisms of action.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We utilised fingerprint-based similarity search analyses to predict targets for each phytocompound. Network pharmacology, facilitated by ‘Cytoscape’ and its ‘Cytohubba’ plugins, was employed to establish connections between specific phytocompounds of TC and potential targets of NAFLD. Molecular docking followed by MM/GB(PB)SA scoring analyses were performed with these phytochemicals against a range of crystal structures and homology models of biological target proteins. Around 500 ns molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for the selected biological targets and docked phytoconstituents to understand dynamic behaviours of the complexes.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Molecular docking and MM/GB(PB)SA scoring revealed that 3′-O-methylluteolin, diosmetin, genkwanin, and luteolin may show promising activity whereas molecular dynamics simulation highlighted that 3′-O-methylluteolin might be the most suitable phytochemical for NAFLD treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, these four compounds may modulate key proteins such as CYP3A4, MMP1, PPARδ, PPARγ, AKT1, CYP1A2, and STAT3. This study provides a scientific basis for the potential use of TC in managing NAFLD and NASH, encouraging further research and development in this domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the clinical efficacy of triple therapy and the addition use of TCM in treating Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis","authors":"Mengli Xiao ,&nbsp;Liying Zhang ,&nbsp;Beihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Liqun Bian ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Li ,&nbsp;Junxiang Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Min Liu ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Chuijie Wang ,&nbsp;Shaohong Shi ,&nbsp;Jinkang Xu ,&nbsp;Sheng Xie ,&nbsp;Hong Shen ,&nbsp;Qiang Yang ,&nbsp;Guangjun Yan ,&nbsp;Mingqi Wen ,&nbsp;Fang Lu ,&nbsp;Xudong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been found to be effective in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (<em>H. pylori</em>). However, the quality of evidence is limited and there are few studies on TCM of <em>H. pylor</em>i. This trials aimed to examine whether additional use of TCM can lead to better efficacy in the eradication rate of <em>H. pylori</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study consisted of a multicenter randomized controlled trial and a nonrandomized cohort. Subjects from TCM hospitals were allocated to a treatment group that received triple therapy or a combination group that received triple therapy combined with 2 weeks of herbal bulk or 2 weeks of herbal soup or 4 weeks of herbal soup. Patients in western hospitals received triple therapy (non-randomized control group). The eradication rate of <em>H. pylori</em>, the recurrence rate, the TCM symptom score, the patient-reported outcome scale (PRO), and safety indicators were observed and compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>960 patients screened, 768 were randomly assigned to the randomized treatment group, and 192 were assigned to the non-randomized group. No difference in the <em>H. pylori</em> eradication rate between the combination group compared with triple therapy (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in TCM symptom scores, the quality of life in the combination group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, it had a lower incidence of adverse reactions and rates of <em>H. pylori</em> recurrence (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The additional use of TCM in triple therapy improves the quality of life, reduces adverse effects, and recurrence rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring antiepileptic phytochemicals of Ferula assafoetida and underlying molecular mechanism using a combined approach of network pharmacology and molecular docking","authors":"Naman Kapoor ,&nbsp;Harsh Kashyap ,&nbsp;Deepak Ganjewala ,&nbsp;Hina Bansal","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Epilepsy is a prevalent and devastating neurological disorder that affects 1–2% of the global population particularly in low- and middle-income countries. There is a growing interest in exploring plant-based alternative therapies for epilepsy as none of the available anti-epileptic drugs provide complete prevention. This study aimed to investigate the bioactive compounds from <em>Ferula assafoetida</em> using computational approach to assess their potential antiepileptic activity and elucidate the mechanisms involved.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>First, phytochemical data was extracted from IMPPAT database and mapped with PubChem. Then obtained their absorption and distribution patterns using SwissADME. Therapeutic targets associated with epilepsy were recognised using Swiss Target Prediction and GeneCards database. The target-network was constructed and performed topological, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, molecular docking was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three key bioactive constituents ferocolicin, luteolin, and farnesiferol with potential anti-epileptic activities were identified. These compounds influenced epileptogenesis by targeting proteins GABRA1, GABRA5, GRIN2B, MTOR, PTPRB, and CHRNA4. Molecular docking revealed stable binding of key constituents with three target proteins related to epileptogenesis. The order of binding affinities of the top three compounds to their respective targets was ferocolicin &gt; farnesiferol &gt; luteolin. This suggested a potentially higher therapeutic efficacy and target specificity of these compounds as compared to standard, valproic acid.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>F. assafoetida</em> could be utilised in the treatment of epilepsy by modulating epileptogenesis pathways. The study endorsed the importance of the efficacy of multicomponent, multi-target compound therapies decoding new therapeutic targets for epilepsy and related conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piper betel L. Leaf Extract Lozenges for Preventing Dental Caries for Children","authors":"Desy Nawangsari ,&nbsp;Tatiana Siregar ,&nbsp;Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dental caries in children remains a significant public health concern, primarily caused by plaque-forming bacteria such as <em>Streptococcus mutans.</em> Effective antimicrobial alternatives from natural sources are increasingly explored to address this issue.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of <em>Piper betel L.</em> (<strong>PB</strong>) leaf extract against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> using the agar diffusion method. PB extract was obtained via ethanol maceration and formulated into lozenges with varying binder types and concentrations. The formulations were assessed for inhibition zone diameter and key physical parameters such as tablet uniformity, friability, hardness, and disintegration time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Piper betel L.</em> extract demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, with the 7.5% concentration yielding an inhibition zone of 22.76 mm, comparable to that of 10%. Lozenges containing 7.5% PB extract exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties across all formulations, with disintegration times under 9 minutes, friability below 0.1%, and tablet hardness ranging from 48.67 to 77.09 N.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>Piper betel L.</em> leaf extract formulated as lozenges demonstrates significant antimicrobial potential for preventing dental caries, supported by effective inhibition of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> and acceptable pharmaceutical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TCM formulas for strengthening the spleen, tonifying Qi, and supplementing the marrow in the treatment of MG: A network meta-analysis","authors":"Chang Guan ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction. Traditional Chinese medicine (<strong>TCM</strong>) TSQNM formulas have been widely utilized in clinical practice and have shown effectiveness in treating Myasthenia gravis. There is a broad spectrum of TCM formulas with varying effectiveness, but there is a lack of direct comparative evidence between them. Bayesian network meta-analysis was utilized to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of TCM formulations that focus on spleen tonification, qi enhancement, and marrow nourishment (referred to as TSQNM) for treating myasthenia gravis. The results are anticipated to provide valuable insights into the treatment of myasthenia gravis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pertinent randomized controlled trials were retrieved from databases from the inception of the databases to October 17, 2023. The quality of studies was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration. It was also preregistered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023482260). Network meta-analysis was conducted using STATA16 and R4.2.3.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty studies were included, involving 1 473 participants, with 739 cases in the experimental group and 734 cases in the control group. These studies examined the effectiveness of eight TCM formulas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Combining conventional Western medicine treatment with TSQNM formulas has been shown to provide superior therapeutic effects for patients with myasthenia gravis, compared to using prescription drugs alone. Notably, when Buzhong Yiqi Decoction is combined with conventional Western medicine treatment, it has shown remarkable efficacy in reducing hormone-induced obesity and gastrointestinal tract discomfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation plus Yang-He decoction for patients with ankylosing spondylitis: systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Xuan Li ,&nbsp;Peng Dai ,&nbsp;Jing Mao ,&nbsp;Jiewen Deng ,&nbsp;Yunnan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>To compare and rank the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine fumigating (TCMF) plus Yang-He decoction (YHD), TCMF plus acupuncture, TCMF, YHD, acupuncture, and Western medicine (WM) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP electronic databases were searched for eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from their inception until April 2023. The primary endpoint was the efficacy rate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nineteen RCTs involving 1<!--> <!-->432 AS patients were selected. The surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities indicated TCMF plus acupuncture (SUCRA: 78%) and TCMF plus YHD (SUCRA: 71%) exhibited relatively better efficacy. TCMF plus WM versus WM yielded a lower Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score (<em>P</em> = 0.043), shorter morning stiffness time (MST) (<em>P</em> = 0.002), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (<em>P</em> = 0.003). Moreover, YHD plus WM versus WM was associated with a lower VAS score (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), finger-floor distance (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), pillow-wall distance (PWD) (<em>P</em> = 0.001), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) (<em>P</em> = 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), or C-reactive protein (CRP) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), elevated Schober test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), thoracic expansion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), spinal column activity (SCA) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and shorter MST (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). TCMF plus YHD versus WM achieved a lower VAS score (<em>P</em> = 0.002), BASDAI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), BASFI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) or CRP (<em>P</em> = 0.038), and elevated SCA (<em>P</em> = 0.002). TCMF plus acupuncture versus WM showed lower VAS score (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and BASFI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Finally, TCMF plus acupuncture versus acupuncture showed lower PWD (<em>P</em> = 0.004) and CRP (<em>P</em> = 0.031).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TCMF plus acupuncture and TCMF plus YHD provided better therapeutic effects in patients with AS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of Moringa oleifera with metformin in improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetics through a randomised controlled trial","authors":"Asma Irfan ,&nbsp;Saleeha Fatima Said ,&nbsp;Soma Siddique ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hassaan Farooq ,&nbsp;Noor ul Ain Irfan ,&nbsp;Sadia Mubarak ,&nbsp;Saima Latif ,&nbsp;Rubab Rameez ,&nbsp;Saira Safdar ,&nbsp;Irfan A. Mughal ,&nbsp;Areej Niazi ,&nbsp;Yasir Khan Niazi ,&nbsp;Syed Haider Raza Rizvi ,&nbsp;Aleena Naveed Butt ,&nbsp;Khawaja Muhammad Usman ,&nbsp;Muhammad Azadar Abbas ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibrahim Khan ,&nbsp;Shaheer Zaman","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves have demonstrated hypoglycemic effects in diabetic patients. However, there is limited clinical evidence supporting their use as an adjunct therapy alongside standard antidiabetic treatment. This study evaluates the synergistic effects of <em>M. oleifera</em> leaf methanolic extracts in combination with Metformin on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomised controlled trial was conducted at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital (ANTH), Islamabad, from February 2023 to November 2023. A total of 50 participants (25 control, 25 case) were recruited using the World Health Organization sample size calculator. Patients diagnosed with T2DM, on Metformin 500 mg twice daily, and willing to participate were included. Informed consent was obtained, and triple blinding was maintained. The case group received Metformin plus Moringa leaf capsules containing 1 g of Moringa powder, while the control group received Metformin and a placebo. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, liver function tests (LFTs), renal function tests (RFTs), and lipid profiles were monitored. The study was registered at <span><span>http://clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (NCT06125873) and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Islamabad Medical and Dental College.</div><div>SPSS version 26 was used for statistical analysis. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD or median (min, max), while categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Paired <em>t</em>-tests and two-way Analysis of Variance were performed to assess pre- and post-treatment effects, with significance set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants receiving <em>M. oleifera</em> demonstrated significant improvements in HbA1c levels, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure compared to the placebo group. However, no significant changes were observed in body mass index (BMI), LFTs, RFTs, or lipid profiles. Some individuals reported mild gastric discomfort, which resolved with dosage adjustment in the 1st week.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that <em>M. oleifera</em>, when used as an adjunct to Metformin, significantly improves glycemic control in T2DM patients. The absence of significant changes in BMI, LFTs, RFTs, and lipid profiles indicates its safety for human use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Cannabis Leaf (Sakon Nakhon Cultivar) Extracts on Anticholangiocarcinoma Activity","authors":"Pranee Sriraj ,&nbsp;Thidarut Boonmars ,&nbsp;Areeya Changthong ,&nbsp;Praphat Manuelo Ruengthanoo ,&nbsp;Panicha Pongnaratorn ,&nbsp;Ratchadawan Aukkanimart","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2025.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study assesses the efficacy of Squirrel Tail cannabis (CLE) in inhibiting cholangiocarcinoma cells (CCA; KKU213B).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method. The study also sought to compare the efficacy of Squirrel Tail cannabis with gallic acid and evaluate the total flavonoid content using the AlCl₃ colorimetric method, compared with the total flavonoid content of CLE with quercetin. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH and ABTS assays. Key compounds in CLE were identified using High-performance liquid chromatography. Inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cell growth was evaluated using the sulforhodamine B assay, and the mechanism of apoptosis was examined by analysing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that the total phenolic content of CLE correlated with antioxidant activities. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that CLE contained 89.57 ± 10.34 µg/mg of cannabinol. Growth inhibition assays on KKU-213B cells indicated that cannabinol effectively inhibited cell growth, with IC₅₀ values of 8.14 ± 0.10, 7.30 ± 0.38, and 4.00 ± 0.96 µM (24, 48, and 72 hours). CLE demonstrated the ability to inhibit KKU-213B cell growth with IC₅₀ values of 55.26 ± 1.64, 42.25 ± 5.56, and 18.02 ± 9.43 µg/ml at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, which were significantly different from those of the control group. Regarding the mechanism of apoptosis, CLE was found to stimulate the expression of p53, caspase-3, and Bax while reducing the expression of Bcl-2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CLE from Sakon Nakhon strains may serve as a potential alternative for anticancer therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}