Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales最新文献

{"title":"Effects of feeding dried olive (Olea europaea) leaves with wheat strawconcentrate rations on feed conversion efficiency in Awassi rams","authors":"M. Alomar, M. Al-Masri, M. Zarkawi","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)297-301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)297-301","url":null,"abstract":"Three groups of Awassi rams were fed for 6 weeks either a conventional wheat straw-concentrate ration (Control) or 2 experimental rations, where 30 (G1) and 60% (G2) of the wheat straw was replaced with dried olive leaves following oil extraction. All rations were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Feed intake (FI), bodyweight gain (BWG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were measured. BWG and FI during the 6-week period were not significantly (P>0.05) different for the different rations, averaging 4.75 and 116 kg/animal, respectively. In addition, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in FCE values between the Control and experimental groups fed wheat straw + olive leaves, averaging 24.6 kg feed/kg gain. These results suggest that dried olive leaves can replace wheat straw in wheat straw-concentrate rations at levels up to 60% without affecting performance. Further studies are needed to determine optimal combinations of straw, olive leaves and concentrate to achieve different goals as well as intakes and performance when offered rations ad lib. Economic assessments would determine if including olive leaves would reduce the costs of feeding.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of adding agro-industrial by-products and bacterial inoculant at ensiling on nutritional quality and bacterial colonization of Tifton 85 [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] silages","authors":"André Sanches de Avila, M. A. Zambom, A. Faccenda, M. A. Neres, Luana Muxfeldt, C. R. Schneider, Marcelo Martini Stum, Ricardo Dri, Pâmela Rosana Schneider","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)204-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)204-213","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of adding agro-industrial by-products (soybean hulls and cornprocessing residue) and bacterial inoculant to Tifton 85 forage at ensiling on nutritional quality and bacterial colonization of resulting silages. The design was completely randomized in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments were: Tifton 85 forage; Tifton 85 + soybean hulls; Tifton 85 + corn-processing residue; Tifton 85 + bacterial inoculant; Tifton 85 + soybean hulls + inoculant; and Tifton 85 + corn-processing residue + inoculant. Inclusion of by-products increased dry matter and organic matter percentages of silages, while addition of soybean hulls improved crude protein concentration in silage. Total digestible nutrients in silages containing by-products were higher than in straight Tifton 85 silage. In addition, addition of by-products increased in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of resulting silages. Most treatments showed aerobic stability up to 144 hours after exposure to air, except for Tifton 85 + corn-processing residue without inoculant, which became unstable by 120 hours of exposure. Addition of by-products at ensiling of Tifton 85 forage appears beneficial but there seems little benefit in adding bacterial inoculant. More studies on a larger scale are needed to confirm these preliminary results, while feeding studies would determine any improvement in animal performance when fed silage containing by-products.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of plant population density of Chamaecrista rotundifolia on its value for hay making in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil","authors":"Angélica Lucélia da Silva Nascimento, Natan Lima Abreu, Raimundo Vagner de Lima Pantoja, Ingrid Stefanie Queiroz de Oliveira, Josilene do Nascimento Gomes, R. Chapuis, L. D. A. Faria","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)214-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)214-221","url":null,"abstract":"Chamaecrista rotundifolia is a forage legume little used with Brazilian livestock; however, it has been studied for this purpose for over 40 years in Australia. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of plant densities of approximately 444,400, 111,100 and 27,800 plants/ha (equivalent to spacings of 0.15 × 0.15; 0.30 × 0.30 and 0.60 × 0.60 m) on quantitative and qualitative parameters of C. rotundifolia grown in pure stands as forage under exclusive cropping for hay. While leaf dry matter yields in the first 93 days after planting ranged from 1.48 to 9.32 t DM/ha, declining to 0.71–4.92 t DM/ha in the subsequent 83 days, crude protein concentration of the material was only 7–8%. Since this species tends to lose leaf during periods of stress, larger paddock studies are needed to determine how well leaf material is retained under conventional hay-making conditions. Optimal stubble height following harvesting should be investigated in an endeavor to increase DM yields at second harvest along with improved survival of plants.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, morphological, and biochemical characterization of Cratylia argentea (Desv.) Kuntze seeds","authors":"E. Mattar, Daniel Teixeira Pinheiro, Wander Douglas Pereira, B. P. Brasileiro, Walter José Rodrigues Matrangolo, Paulo César Hilst, Paola Andrea Hormaza Martínez, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)172-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)172-183","url":null,"abstract":"Cratylia argentea is a shrub legume native to tropical regions of South America where it is used for animal feed and green manure. In the absence of germination guidelines, the key aim of this study was to define the most suitable temperature for conducting germination and accelerated aging tests. The biochemical attributes of seeds were also assessed. Seeds with 10% moisture from 4 different seed lots were germinated using the between paper method in a germinator at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and alternating temperatures of 20/30 °C (16 h:8 h), with daily counting until germination was stable (seven days without germination). For the accelerated aging test, two temperatures (41 and 45 °C) and six aging periods (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h) for seeds with between 10–40 % moisture content were used. Carbohydrates (%), ethereal extract (%), crude protein (%) and macro and micronutrient contents of the seeds were measured. Results showed that C. argentea seeds consist predominantly of starch (22.67 %) and protein (26.45 %) reserves with a low percentage of lipids. For the germination test, the temperature of 30 °C is recommended, allowing greater percentage and speed of germination, with seedling evaluation at 10 and 20 days. For the accelerated aging test, aging for 48 h at 41 °C is recommended to discriminate C. argentea seed lots in terms of quality.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47631664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefit of feeding Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Cobra’ on milk production in Tanzania","authors":"S. Mwendia, A. Notenbaert, Beatus Nzogela, A. Mwilawa","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)195-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)195-203","url":null,"abstract":"Animal genetics, management, diseases, feeds and environment affect milk production in cattle. Feed is the most important and when addressed, cattle show immediate responses. In sub-Saharan Africa, livestock productivity is low largely due to use of low-quality crop residues and natural pastures, often poor in key nutrients for animal performance. In an 8-week on-farm feeding trial with farmers’ participation, milk production under farmers’ practice (FP) was compared with the use of improved Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Cobra’ hay (Cobra hay) as an intervention (IN). A crossover design with each cow undergoing FP and IN phases was used. For the initial 2 weeks, the experiment followed FP before shifting to 50-50 FP/IN in week 3 and 100% IN in week 4 and 5, followed by 50-50 FP/IN in week six and 100% FP in week 7 and 8. Milk production increased by 15 % under IN and was associated with better feed utilization efficiency of 2 kg DM Cobra hay/L of milk. The use of Cobra hay has potential to increase dairy productivity in Tanzania and other similar tropical ecologies and contexts in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47679626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of leucaena in cattle fattening and breeding production systems in Eastern Indonesia","authors":"El rol, Fahrul Irawan, M. Halliday, R. Hegarty, F. Cowley","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)222-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)222-236","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle farming in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia (NTB) is essential to support the high demand for beef cattle in Indonesia. Leucaena was introduced to smallholders as a high-quality feed to increase cattle production in NTB. A survey was conducted with both leucaena-using and non-leucaena-using smallholder cattle farmers in Sumbawa and West Sumbawa districts, NTB to understand the role of leucaena in NTB smallholder cattle enterprises (mixed breeding/fattening) and the effect of leucaena toxicity on cattle performance, especially cow-calf production. We found that farmers using leucaena feeding systems were able to keep more cattle than farmers using a traditional feeding system (9.1 vs 6.1 head/household). Many leucaena-using farmers (50.1 %) use leucaena for fattening cattle only. Other cattle classes (growers, breeding cows and bulls) were fed leucaena strategically, such as during the dry season (59 % of leucaena-using farmers) and at specific stages of pregnancy and lactation (41 % of leucaena-using farmers). Leucaenausing farmers in rainfed areas planted more leucaena (4,500 vs 1,984 trees) and fattened more bulls (5.8 vs 3.5 head/ household) than farmers in high-rainfall areas. Transmigrant Balinese farmers planted significantly more leucaena trees (7,500 vs 2,354 trees) and raised more fattening bulls (7.8 vs 3.7 head/household) than the local Sumbawanese farmers. Most Balinese farmers had been practising leucaena feeding systems since they migrated to Sumbawa, for a long as 3 decades. Most leucaena-using farmers (74 %) had observed symptoms of illness associated with leucaena toxicity in their cattle such as hair loss and salivation. Few farmers feeding leucaena to breeding cows (5 %) reported instances of reproductive failure. Almost all non-leucaena-using farmers (93 %) reported symptoms of illnesses associated with plant toxicities (among other potential causes), most commonly skin lesions, diarrhoea, cataract, and listlessness. It was concluded that the priority use of leucaena in Sumbawa was for fattening cattle rather than breeding cattle. Leucaena supports smallholder farmers in Sumbawa to have more intensive, productive and income-earning cattle enterprises, but questions remain over whether it should be used for feeding breeding cows.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47929893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicción del valor nutricional de sorgo para forraje mediante espectroscopia de reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) y ecuaciones empíricas","authors":"S. Pereira-Crespo, A. Botana, Marcos Veiga, C. Resch, Laura González, Roberto Lorenzana, Valentín García-Souto, María del Pilar Martínez-Diz, Gonzalo Flores-Calvete","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)249-260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)249-260","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work it is studied the predictive ability of NIRS for the estimation of chemical composition (n=171) and organic matter digestibility (n=71) of whole plants forage sorghum and morphological components, being developed empirical equations based on chemical parameters to estimate the organic matter digestibility (OMD) values and compared the predictive ability of empirical models vs. NIRS equations. The predictive ability of NIRS models for estimating the OMD and chemical composition showed high reliability, according to the coefficient of determination in external validation (r²≥0.90), whilst the ratio of the standard deviation of the original data to standard error of external validation (RPD) values were higher than 3.0 for all parameters studied. Applying NIRS models to the prediction of OMD of whole plants and morphological components of forage sorghum led to the reduction in the standard error of external validation, in comparison of the best empirical model based on the chemical composition of samples (from ±3.9 to ±1.9%). It is concluded that the NIRS equations developed in the present work are valuable tools for the fast and accurate assessment of the nutritive value of the whole plant and components of forage sorghum.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41658511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application to Elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus syn. Pennisetum purpureum) cultivar ‘Cameroon’ in an arenosol in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil","authors":"Luiz Eduardo Cordeiro de Oliveira, F. Oliveira, G. G. Silva, M. S. Bezerra, É. G. Morais, Gabriel F.R. Bezerra, Giovana S. Danino, E. M. Oliveira, F. Sá","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)280-287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)280-287","url":null,"abstract":"Elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus syn. Pennisetum purpureum) stands out for its high dry matter production per unit area and good nutritional value and is cultivated throughout Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of elephant grass cultivar ‘Cameroon’ fertilized with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at different rates. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 10 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of 5 doses of N (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 kg N/ha) all with 66 kg P/ha and 5 doses of P (0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 kg P/ha) all with 600 kg N/ha. The variables evaluated during 3 harvests were: shoot dry matter (DM) yield, N and P concentrations in shoots, and uptakes of N and P in forage. Results showed that, in the arenosol of the experimental area, high doses of N and P could produce high yields of the grass (40‒41 t DM/ha) over 260 days. The grass extracted large amounts of N (on average, 800 kg N/ha over 260 days) and P concentrations were significantly affected by P fertilization only in the last harvest, where it increased from 0.27 to 0.78 g P/kg DM. However, application of only 200 kg N/ha will produce more than 60% of the DM yield response achieved with 800 kg N/ha. Similarly, there seems little merit in applying more than 22 kg P/ha with the N. Longer-term studies are needed to test these hypotheses along with economic assessments to determine the financial soundness of such decisions.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42293227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein and carbohydrate fractionation of silages made from maize, Urochloa species and their mixtures","authors":"D. A. A. Teixeira, K. Costa, Mariana Borges de Castro Dias, K. C. Guimarães, Patrícia Soares Epifânio, P. B. Fernandes","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)134-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)134-142","url":null,"abstract":"New feed assessment systems and methodologies for ruminants are being used with the aim of maximizing the use of nutrients by animals. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) considers the dynamics of ruminal fermentation and the potential loss of nitrogen in feed evaluation. We used this system to evaluate the protein and carbohydrate fractionation of silages made from maize and Urochloa species alone and in combination (70:30). The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized experimental design with 4 replications. Treatments comprised silages made from the following forages: maize (Zea mays); Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis); Xaraes palisadegrass (U. brizantha 'Xaraés'); Paiaguas palisadegrass (U. brizantha 'BRS Paiaguás'); 70% maize + 30% Congo grass; 70% maize + 30% Xaraes palisadegrass; and 70% maize + 30% Paiaguas palisadegrass. The results showed that despite the Urochloa exclusive silages having higher crude protein concentration than maize and mixed silages, they have a higher proportion of unavailable fractions with slow degradation rates, which can compromise animal performance. The maize silage and mixed silages had higher percentages of protein and carbohydrates with high degradation potential than Urochloa exclusive silages. Therefore, mixed silages represent one more alternative to provide forage with good nutritional value for ruminant feeding in times of feed shortage. Mixing grass and maize at ensiling would increase the volume of silage produced relative to ensiling maize alone without any significant reduction in quality of the silage produced. However, further studies are needed to determine the appropriate combinations of maize and grass at ensiling to produce silage with the desired nutritional value for the particular application and class of animals being fed. Feeding studies with animals would verify production levels achieved with the various silages.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49417028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of auxin and cytokinin use for vegetative propagation of Asystasia gangetica for forage production","authors":"N. Kumalasari, Luki Abdullah, L. Khotijah, I. Indriyani, Nurul Ilman","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)143-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)143-148","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the experiment was to determine the effects of auxin and cytokinin application on vegetative propagation of Asystasia gangetica for forage production. Stem cuttings were treated with 9 different hormone levels; control (without hormone), immersion of ends of cuttings in 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm solutions of auxin (indole 3-acetic acid) and immersion of ends of cuttings in 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm solutions of cytokinin (benzyl amino purine) for 15 minutes, followed by planting in plastic trays. After 21 days, cuttings were transplanted into soil in polybags in the greenhouse. Forage was harvested 50 days after transplanting to determine yield and quality. The results showed that hormones affected plant height, leaf number, primary branch number, tertiary branch number, yield and nutritional value. It can be concluded that plant hormones can be used for vegetative propagation of A. gangetica as forage.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}