Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales最新文献

{"title":"Benefit of feeding Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Cobra’ on milk production in Tanzania","authors":"S. Mwendia, A. Notenbaert, Beatus Nzogela, A. Mwilawa","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)195-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)195-203","url":null,"abstract":"Animal genetics, management, diseases, feeds and environment affect milk production in cattle. Feed is the most important and when addressed, cattle show immediate responses. In sub-Saharan Africa, livestock productivity is low largely due to use of low-quality crop residues and natural pastures, often poor in key nutrients for animal performance. In an 8-week on-farm feeding trial with farmers’ participation, milk production under farmers’ practice (FP) was compared with the use of improved Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Cobra’ hay (Cobra hay) as an intervention (IN). A crossover design with each cow undergoing FP and IN phases was used. For the initial 2 weeks, the experiment followed FP before shifting to 50-50 FP/IN in week 3 and 100% IN in week 4 and 5, followed by 50-50 FP/IN in week six and 100% FP in week 7 and 8. Milk production increased by 15 % under IN and was associated with better feed utilization efficiency of 2 kg DM Cobra hay/L of milk. The use of Cobra hay has potential to increase dairy productivity in Tanzania and other similar tropical ecologies and contexts in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47679626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of leucaena in cattle fattening and breeding production systems in Eastern Indonesia","authors":"El rol, Fahrul Irawan, M. Halliday, R. Hegarty, F. Cowley","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)222-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)222-236","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle farming in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia (NTB) is essential to support the high demand for beef cattle in Indonesia. Leucaena was introduced to smallholders as a high-quality feed to increase cattle production in NTB. A survey was conducted with both leucaena-using and non-leucaena-using smallholder cattle farmers in Sumbawa and West Sumbawa districts, NTB to understand the role of leucaena in NTB smallholder cattle enterprises (mixed breeding/fattening) and the effect of leucaena toxicity on cattle performance, especially cow-calf production. We found that farmers using leucaena feeding systems were able to keep more cattle than farmers using a traditional feeding system (9.1 vs 6.1 head/household). Many leucaena-using farmers (50.1 %) use leucaena for fattening cattle only. Other cattle classes (growers, breeding cows and bulls) were fed leucaena strategically, such as during the dry season (59 % of leucaena-using farmers) and at specific stages of pregnancy and lactation (41 % of leucaena-using farmers). Leucaenausing farmers in rainfed areas planted more leucaena (4,500 vs 1,984 trees) and fattened more bulls (5.8 vs 3.5 head/ household) than farmers in high-rainfall areas. Transmigrant Balinese farmers planted significantly more leucaena trees (7,500 vs 2,354 trees) and raised more fattening bulls (7.8 vs 3.7 head/household) than the local Sumbawanese farmers. Most Balinese farmers had been practising leucaena feeding systems since they migrated to Sumbawa, for a long as 3 decades. Most leucaena-using farmers (74 %) had observed symptoms of illness associated with leucaena toxicity in their cattle such as hair loss and salivation. Few farmers feeding leucaena to breeding cows (5 %) reported instances of reproductive failure. Almost all non-leucaena-using farmers (93 %) reported symptoms of illnesses associated with plant toxicities (among other potential causes), most commonly skin lesions, diarrhoea, cataract, and listlessness. It was concluded that the priority use of leucaena in Sumbawa was for fattening cattle rather than breeding cattle. Leucaena supports smallholder farmers in Sumbawa to have more intensive, productive and income-earning cattle enterprises, but questions remain over whether it should be used for feeding breeding cows.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47929893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicción del valor nutricional de sorgo para forraje mediante espectroscopia de reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) y ecuaciones empíricas","authors":"S. Pereira-Crespo, A. Botana, Marcos Veiga, C. Resch, Laura González, Roberto Lorenzana, Valentín García-Souto, María del Pilar Martínez-Diz, Gonzalo Flores-Calvete","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)249-260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)249-260","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work it is studied the predictive ability of NIRS for the estimation of chemical composition (n=171) and organic matter digestibility (n=71) of whole plants forage sorghum and morphological components, being developed empirical equations based on chemical parameters to estimate the organic matter digestibility (OMD) values and compared the predictive ability of empirical models vs. NIRS equations. The predictive ability of NIRS models for estimating the OMD and chemical composition showed high reliability, according to the coefficient of determination in external validation (r²≥0.90), whilst the ratio of the standard deviation of the original data to standard error of external validation (RPD) values were higher than 3.0 for all parameters studied. Applying NIRS models to the prediction of OMD of whole plants and morphological components of forage sorghum led to the reduction in the standard error of external validation, in comparison of the best empirical model based on the chemical composition of samples (from ±3.9 to ±1.9%). It is concluded that the NIRS equations developed in the present work are valuable tools for the fast and accurate assessment of the nutritive value of the whole plant and components of forage sorghum.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41658511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application to Elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus syn. Pennisetum purpureum) cultivar ‘Cameroon’ in an arenosol in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil","authors":"Luiz Eduardo Cordeiro de Oliveira, F. Oliveira, G. G. Silva, M. S. Bezerra, É. G. Morais, Gabriel F.R. Bezerra, Giovana S. Danino, E. M. Oliveira, F. Sá","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)280-287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)280-287","url":null,"abstract":"Elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus syn. Pennisetum purpureum) stands out for its high dry matter production per unit area and good nutritional value and is cultivated throughout Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of elephant grass cultivar ‘Cameroon’ fertilized with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at different rates. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 10 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of 5 doses of N (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 kg N/ha) all with 66 kg P/ha and 5 doses of P (0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 kg P/ha) all with 600 kg N/ha. The variables evaluated during 3 harvests were: shoot dry matter (DM) yield, N and P concentrations in shoots, and uptakes of N and P in forage. Results showed that, in the arenosol of the experimental area, high doses of N and P could produce high yields of the grass (40‒41 t DM/ha) over 260 days. The grass extracted large amounts of N (on average, 800 kg N/ha over 260 days) and P concentrations were significantly affected by P fertilization only in the last harvest, where it increased from 0.27 to 0.78 g P/kg DM. However, application of only 200 kg N/ha will produce more than 60% of the DM yield response achieved with 800 kg N/ha. Similarly, there seems little merit in applying more than 22 kg P/ha with the N. Longer-term studies are needed to test these hypotheses along with economic assessments to determine the financial soundness of such decisions.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42293227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein and carbohydrate fractionation of silages made from maize, Urochloa species and their mixtures","authors":"D. A. A. Teixeira, K. Costa, Mariana Borges de Castro Dias, K. C. Guimarães, Patrícia Soares Epifânio, P. B. Fernandes","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)134-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)134-142","url":null,"abstract":"New feed assessment systems and methodologies for ruminants are being used with the aim of maximizing the use of nutrients by animals. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) considers the dynamics of ruminal fermentation and the potential loss of nitrogen in feed evaluation. We used this system to evaluate the protein and carbohydrate fractionation of silages made from maize and Urochloa species alone and in combination (70:30). The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized experimental design with 4 replications. Treatments comprised silages made from the following forages: maize (Zea mays); Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis); Xaraes palisadegrass (U. brizantha 'Xaraés'); Paiaguas palisadegrass (U. brizantha 'BRS Paiaguás'); 70% maize + 30% Congo grass; 70% maize + 30% Xaraes palisadegrass; and 70% maize + 30% Paiaguas palisadegrass. The results showed that despite the Urochloa exclusive silages having higher crude protein concentration than maize and mixed silages, they have a higher proportion of unavailable fractions with slow degradation rates, which can compromise animal performance. The maize silage and mixed silages had higher percentages of protein and carbohydrates with high degradation potential than Urochloa exclusive silages. Therefore, mixed silages represent one more alternative to provide forage with good nutritional value for ruminant feeding in times of feed shortage. Mixing grass and maize at ensiling would increase the volume of silage produced relative to ensiling maize alone without any significant reduction in quality of the silage produced. However, further studies are needed to determine the appropriate combinations of maize and grass at ensiling to produce silage with the desired nutritional value for the particular application and class of animals being fed. Feeding studies with animals would verify production levels achieved with the various silages.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49417028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of auxin and cytokinin use for vegetative propagation of Asystasia gangetica for forage production","authors":"N. Kumalasari, Luki Abdullah, L. Khotijah, I. Indriyani, Nurul Ilman","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)143-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)143-148","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the experiment was to determine the effects of auxin and cytokinin application on vegetative propagation of Asystasia gangetica for forage production. Stem cuttings were treated with 9 different hormone levels; control (without hormone), immersion of ends of cuttings in 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm solutions of auxin (indole 3-acetic acid) and immersion of ends of cuttings in 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm solutions of cytokinin (benzyl amino purine) for 15 minutes, followed by planting in plastic trays. After 21 days, cuttings were transplanted into soil in polybags in the greenhouse. Forage was harvested 50 days after transplanting to determine yield and quality. The results showed that hormones affected plant height, leaf number, primary branch number, tertiary branch number, yield and nutritional value. It can be concluded that plant hormones can be used for vegetative propagation of A. gangetica as forage.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principal component analysis applied to the study of yield and nutritional characteristics of forage cultivars","authors":"Rodrigo Gonçalves De Carvalho, Ronilton Araújo De Souza, J. Silva, A. B. Pimentel, M. Ferreira, Michelle Christina Bernardo de Siqueira, Djane Leite de Amorim Santos","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)109-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)109-115","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of various yield and nutritional characteristics for the differentiation of forage cultivars using principal component analysis (PCA). Data were obtained from an experiment conducted with a complete randomized block design (RCBD) with 6 replications. Eleven cultivars of forage grasses of the species Urochloa brizantha, U. ruziziensis, Megathyrsus maximus, Cenchrus ciliaris, Andropogon gayanus and Setaria sphacelata were evaluated. For yield characteristics, PCA revealed that the first 3 components explained 82.0% of total variation between forage cultivars. Similar results were observed for nutritional characteristics with the first 3 components explaining 91.4% of total variation in leaf chemical composition and 83.8% of variation in stem chemical composition. Variables that contributed most to discrimination between forage cultivars were: number of tillers per plant; number of leaves per plant; median leaf width; stem dry matter yield; leaf:stem ratio; % dry matter, % crude protein (CP) and % neutral detergent fiber of leaves; and % CP, % ether extract and % acid detergent fiber of stems. PCA was effective in identifying the key parameters that need to be measured in evaluating grass species and allowed a reduction in the number of yield and nutritional characteristics to be assessed in experiments designed to evaluate forage cultivars. This reduced both the workload and the costs involved while still allowing valid conclusions.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49594159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resultados económicos del empleo de harina de forraje de Tithonia diversifolia en la dieta de diferentes categorías de aves","authors":"Nadia Báez Quiñones, Bárbara Rodríguez, Tomás E. Ruíz, Ysnagmy Vázquez, Humberto Díaz Rodríguez","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)149-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)149-155","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluated economically the use of tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) forage meal in the diets of broilers; layers replacements and laying hens, as a partial replacement of corn and soybean meals. The data used come from feeding experiments carried out between 2018–2021 at the Cuban Institute of Animal Science. The direct costs involved in establishing this crop and making the meal were considered. The total feeding costs, and costs per animal, per kg of gain, per ton of live weight produced, per kg of eggs and per 1,000 eggs were estimated for the different treatments (Control 0%; T1-5%; T2-10%; T3-15% and T4-20% of tithonia meal in the ration). In all cases, feeding costs decreased with the greater use of tithonia meal. The best results in feeding costs reductions per kilogram of live weight gain for broilers (7 to 42 days) were obtained with T3 (14.78%); for layer replacements (weeks 9 to 18) with T4 (20.94% per animal); and with T3 in laying hens (weeks 23 to 44), with a 19.34% decrease in costs per thousand eggs produced. It has been demonstrated that the inclusion of tithonia forage meal in the diet of these species, as partial replacement of corn and soybean meals, constitutes a viable productive and economic alternative, which could contribute to reduce the importation of traditional and highly expensive feed ingredients.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculación con rizobios y hongos micorrízicos arbusculares en plantas de Leucaena leucocephala en etapa de vivero y en sustrato con pH neutro","authors":"Gustavo Crespo-Flores, Hugo M. Ramírez-Tobias, M. R. Vallejo-Pérez, H. Méndez-Cortés, Pedro J. González-Cañizares","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)98-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)98-108","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the simple and combined inoculation with three local rhizobia isolates (R1, R2 and R3) and two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus cubense -AMF1- and Claroideoglomus claroideum -AMF2-) on mycorrhizal colonization, nodulation, growth and biomass production of Leucaena leucocephala in a substrate with a close to neutrality pH under greenhouse conditions. Thirteen treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design with five replications. The inoculation and co-inoculation promoted greater plant growth with respect to the control without inoculation and to the fertilization treatment. Within the inoculation and co-inoculation treatments, one rhizobium isolate (R2) stood out for producing the highest plant height and leaflet production, while the R3 + AMF1 and R3 + AMF2 combinations promoted the highest plant height, and also promoted higher biomass together with R1 + AMF1. In addition, the R3 + AMF2 combination stood out for presenting a high number of AMF spores, frequency and intensity by AMF colonization, and nodule activity. It is concluded that inoculation with local rhizobia isolates and their combination with AMF favors the development of mycorrhizal structures, nodulation, growth and biomass production of L. leucocephala grown in a substrate with neutral pH. Isolate R2 and the combination R3 + AMF2 were identified as effective inoculants to increase plant growth.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47362955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of growth stage on nutritional value of barley and triticale forages for goats","authors":"Hande Isıl Akbag","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)116-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)116-123","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritional composition and in vitro gas production of barley and triticale forages at tillering, stem elongation, and ear emergence stages were studied. The mean crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content was higher in barley than triticale. The supplementation of wheat grain in in vitro incubation had no effect on the gas production of barley and triticale forage. The nutritive value of barley and triticale forages is highly influenced by growth stage and is high during the early stage of growth during tillering and stem elongation. Barley and triticale forages have potential as feed for dairy goats and although barley had a higher CP content, both have adequate ME and CP levels to meet the nutritional requirements of adult goats with 50 kg body weight in early lactation.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}