Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales最新文献_第10页

How does agro-pastoralism affect forage and soil properties in western Serengeti, Tanzania? 农牧业如何影响坦桑尼亚塞伦盖蒂西部的牧草和土壤特性?

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2021-01-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(9)120-133

P. Kavana, E. Mtengeti, A. Sangeda, C. Mahonge, R. Fyumagwa, B. John

{"title":"How does agro-pastoralism affect forage and soil properties in western Serengeti, Tanzania?","authors":"P. Kavana, E. Mtengeti, A. Sangeda, C. Mahonge, R. Fyumagwa, B. John","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(9)120-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(9)120-133","url":null,"abstract":"The impacts of agro-pastoral activities on soil properties, plus nutritive value and residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants in areas of different land uses in western Serengeti, were evaluated. Vegetation and soil were sampled along 4,000 m transects laid across fallow land, areas grazed only by livestock, mixed grazing (livestock and wildlife) and wildlife grazing only. A total number of 123 plant species were encountered during sampling. Analyses of soil and vegetation samples were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture laboratories. The estimated average density of grazing animals encountered was 160 TLU/km on transects within livestock-dominated grazing lands, 129 TLU/km for mixed grazing and 83 TLU/km for wildlife grazing only. Results indicated that ADF, IVDMD, IVOMD, ME and TDN in residual herbaceous forage at flowering were significantly (P<0.05) affected by land use type but CP, NDF and ADL were not affected. Soil pH, OC, CEC, C:N ratio and Ca differed significantly (P<0.05) between land use types. An overall evaluation indicated that regardless of climatic conditions, residual biomass of herbaceous plants in western Serengeti is determined by intensity of grazing, soil C:N ratio and concentrations of Ca and P in the soil. We conclude that agro-pastoral practices conducted in western Serengeti affected residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants and soil properties. We recommend that grazing pressure in communal grazing lands be reduced by either reducing number of grazing animals or duration of grazing in a particular grazing area, and specific studies be conducted to establish stocking rates appropriate for specific communal grazing lands in villages.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":"66 1","pages":"120-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77731516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Resistance to the alfalfa weevil in the Iranian collection of Medicago sativa 伊朗苜蓿品种对苜蓿象鼻虫的抗性

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(8)263-279

M. Abbasi

{"title":"Resistance to the alfalfa weevil in the Iranian collection of Medicago sativa","authors":"M. Abbasi","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(8)263-279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(8)263-279","url":null,"abstract":"The Iranian collection of Medicago sativa (alfalfa, 502 accessions) was evaluated under field conditions to identify variation in resistance to the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyllenhal) between accessions over 4 years. Twenty-one accessions were identified as resistant (score 3) to semi-resistant (score 5) based on K-means cluster analysis. These materials were grouped into 10 groups by means of Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Susceptibility to alfalfa weevil was significantly correlated with some of the agro-morphological traits such as plant height (r = 0.314, P<0.01), regrowth rate (r = 0.435, P<0.01) and fall dormancy score (r = 0.284, P<0.01). In general, the resistant germplasm originated from elevated regions at high latitudes, where a co-evolution between the plant and the pest may have taken place. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive linear relationship between susceptibility to the alfalfa weevil and traits such as growth habit, plant height, length and width of the central leaflet and regrowth rate. The resulting bi-plot based on factor analysis ranked accessions for susceptibility to the pest. The identified germplasm should prove useful in alfalfa breeding programs to develop accessions resistant to the alfalfa weevil.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":"123 1","pages":"263-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88455843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Terra Ronca State Park: A potential natural Cratylia argentea (Desv.) Kuntze conservation area in Goiás, Brazil 泰拉隆卡州立公园:潜在的天然阿根廷克拉蒂亚(Desv.)巴西Goiás的Kuntze保护区

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(8)280-288

E. Mattar, W. J. R. Matrangolo, B. P. Brasileiro, E. F. Frade Júnior, T. A. Albuquerque, J. R. Oliveira, J. de Paula-Souza, D. Dias

引用次数: 0

Mombaça grass development with partial replacement of potassium fertilizer by sodium chloride and the effects of adding calcium 氯化钠部分替代钾肥对蒙巴帕拉达草发育的影响及补钙的影响

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(8)195-202

Paulo Sérgio Santos Silva, R. C. Leite, J. S. S. Carneiro, G. A. D. Freitas, Rubens Ribeiro da Silva

{"title":"Mombaça grass development with partial replacement of potassium fertilizer by sodium chloride and the effects of adding calcium","authors":"Paulo Sérgio Santos Silva, R. C. Leite, J. S. S. Carneiro, G. A. D. Freitas, Rubens Ribeiro da Silva","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(8)195-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(8)195-202","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the effects on development parameters in Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça of partially replacing the potassium (K) in fertilizer by sodium (Na) and the impacts of applying calcium (Ca). The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates, in a 3 × 4 + 3 factorial arrangement. Three Ca sources (CaCO3, CaSO4 and CaCl2) were applied at 4 Ca doses (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Ca/kg of soil) to the grass where 25% of the K fertilizer was replaced by NaCl. The 3 additional treatments were: application of standard fertilizer (N:P:K) with 100% of K recommendation; application of fertilizer with 25% of K replaced by Na but no Ca applied; and grass with no fertilizer of any kind as Control. The variables analyzed were: leaf area, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate and photosynthetic rate. Partial replacement of K by Na up to 25% of the K fertilizer recommendation did not cause significant change in the development of Mombaça grass or to any of the measured parameters. Addition of Ca had minimal impact on the analyzed variables regardless of level or source. These measurements helped to explain why dry matter yields of Mombaça grass were not significantly affected by partial replacement of K by Na up to 25% of the K fertilizer recommendation.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":"36 1","pages":"195-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83538025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Evaluation and reparametrization of mathematical models for prediction of the leaf area of Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri 巨巨树叶面积预测数学模型的评价与再参数化。BRS Zuri

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(8)214-219

P. B. Fernandes, R. A. Barbosa, M. G. Morais, Cauby Medeiros‐Neto, A. Gurgel, C. M. Costa, Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa, Juliana Caroline Santos Santana, Manoel Gustavo Paranhos da Silva, G. S. Difante

{"title":"Evaluation and reparametrization of mathematical models for prediction of the leaf area of Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri","authors":"P. B. Fernandes, R. A. Barbosa, M. G. Morais, Cauby Medeiros‐Neto, A. Gurgel, C. M. Costa, Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa, Juliana Caroline Santos Santana, Manoel Gustavo Paranhos da Silva, G. S. Difante","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(8)214-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(8)214-219","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to verify the precision and accuracy of 5 models for leaf area prediction using length and width of leaf blades of Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri and to reparametrize models. Data for the predictor variables, length (L) and width (W) of leaf blades of BRS Zuri grass tillers, were collected in May 2018 in the experimental area of Embrapa Gado de Corte, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The predictor variables had high correlation values (P<0.001). In the analysis of adequacy of the models, the first-degree models that use leaf blade length (Model A), leaf width × leaf length (Model B) and linear multiple regression (Model C) promoted estimated values similar to the leaf area values observed (P>0.05), with high values for determination coefficient (>80%) and correlation concordance coefficient (>90%). Among the 5 models evaluated, the linear multiple regression (Model C: β0 = -5.97, β1 = 0.489, β2 = 1.11 and β3 = 0.351; R2 = 89.64; P<0.001) and as predictor variables, width, length and length × width of the leaf blade, are the most adequate to generate precise and exact estimates of the leaf area of BRS Zuri grass.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":"8 1","pages":"214-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89153972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Short-term grazing exclusion impacts using brush packs on soil and grass layers in degraded communal rangelands of semi-arid South Africa and implications for restoration and pasture utilization 半干旱南非退化公共牧场短期禁牧对土壤和草层的影响及其对恢复和牧场利用的影响

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(8)220-233

A. Kwaza, S. Tefera, V. Mlambo, M. Keletso

{"title":"Short-term grazing exclusion impacts using brush packs on soil and grass layers in degraded communal rangelands of semi-arid South Africa and implications for restoration and pasture utilization","authors":"A. Kwaza, S. Tefera, V. Mlambo, M. Keletso","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(8)220-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(8)220-233","url":null,"abstract":"Brush packs from very thorny tree branches were used to simulate grazing exclosures to measure differences in herbaceous vegetation and soil characteristics over 2 years on small ungrazed plots and large continuously grazed communal rangelands on 3 semi-arid soil types [shallow, red stony ground (SRSG); shallow, dark sandy loam (SDSL); and deep, dark clay-loam (DCL)]. Pasture presentation yields within exclosures exceeded those on continuously grazed areas for all soil types by: 98% (SRSG), 128% (SDSL) and 152% (DCL). Herbage samples harvested from the exclosures contained higher acid detergent fiber (P≤0.001) and acid detergent lignin (P<0.05) concentrations than those from the grazed areas. In SRSG and SDSL soils, herbage samples harvested from the exclosures were deficient in phosphorus (P) for all livestock species. Depending on soil type(s), soil magnesium, organic carbon, nitrogen, P and manganese concentrations were significantly higher within exclosures than in continuously grazed areas (P≤0.05). Any response from nutrients supplied by leaf drop from the brush packs could not be separated from response due to absence of grazing, and this deserves further investigation. Our results indicate that grazing exclusion for short periods (2 years) on these semi-arid rangelands allowed pastures to produce significant growth, demonstrating that pastures were still productive. Our experiences highlighted the difficulties in erecting and retaining conventional fences to exclude livestock from given areas because of theft. Grazing immediately after vegetation recovery may necessitate judicious nutritional intervention with protein, energy and mineral supplementation to get effective utilization of the available forage.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":"61 1","pages":"220-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80188366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Establishment of a core collection of Cynodon based on morphological data 基于形态资料的食蟹蟹核心群的建立

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(8)203-213

C. Q. Huang, T. Long, C. Bai, W. Q. Wang, J. Tang, G. D. Liu

{"title":"Establishment of a core collection of Cynodon based on morphological data","authors":"C. Q. Huang, T. Long, C. Bai, W. Q. Wang, J. Tang, G. D. Liu","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(8)203-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(8)203-213","url":null,"abstract":"In a field plot study conducted in Danzhou, Hainan province, China, a total of 537 wild Cynodon accessions from 22 countries and classified into 11 groups according to taxonomy and origin, were characterized in terms of 11 phenotypic traits in order to construct a core collection. For this, the optimal strategy was developed by screening within the following method levels: (i) 7 sampling proportions (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35%); (ii) 3 sampling methods (preferential sampling, deviation sampling and random sampling); (iii) 5 clustering methods [single linkage, completed linkage, median linkage, unweighted pair-group average (UPGMA) and Ward’s method]; (iv) 3 genetic distances (Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance and principal component distance); and (v) 3 sampling proportions within groups (simple, logarithmic and square root proportions). Mean difference percentage, variance difference percentage, coincidence rate of range and variation coefficient changing rate were the criteria adopted for evaluating how well the core collection represented the original collection. The correlation between the original and core collections was determined for comparison. The core collections were validated with the sample distribution diagram of the main components. Results showed that the optimal sampling method for constructing a Cynodon core collection was preferential sampling, the optimal sampling proportion being 20%. The optimal sampling proportion within groups was the square root proportion, the optimal genetic distance was Mahalanobis distance and the optimal clustering method was UPGMA. The proposed core collection of Cynodon is composed of 108 accessions; it was constructed following the optimal sampling strategy identified and retained the original collection ́s phenotypic diversity, phenotypic trait correlations and phenotypic group structure. Thus, this collection could be considered a representative sample of the entire resource.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":"1 1","pages":"203-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87325903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Herbage yield and quality of Megathyrsus cultivars in Northeast Thailand 泰国东北部大樱草品种的牧草产量和品质

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(8)187-194

M. Hare

{"title":"Herbage yield and quality of Megathyrsus cultivars in Northeast Thailand","authors":"M. Hare","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(8)187-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(8)187-194","url":null,"abstract":"A field trial in Northeast Thailand during 2015‒2018 evaluated the forage accumulation and nutritive value of 5 Megathyrsus cultivars, Mombasa, Tanzania, Massai, Zuri and Mun River. Mombasa and Tanzania are commonly grown in Thailand, but Massai, Zuri and Mun River had not been evaluated in Thailand before. Overall accumulated DM yields for the various cultivars over the 3 years were 24,550 kg/ha for Tanzania, 30,900 kg/ha for Massai, 32,700 kg/ha for Mombasa, 35,600 kg/ha for Mun River and 35,700 kg/ha for Zuri. Over 3 wet seasons, Mun River and Zuri accumulated 49% more total DM and Mombasa 35% more total DM than Tanzania. Massai accumulated lower total DM yields than Zuri and Mun River in the second and third wet seasons, similar yields to Mombasa, and higher yields than Tanzania in those 2 seasons. Crude protein concentrations in forage were higher in the dry season than in the wet season and in leaves than in stems. There were no consistent differences in CP% of the various cultivars in wet or dry seasons. ADF and NDF concentrations in the dry season were lower than those in the wet season and leaf ADF and NDF concentrations were lower than concentrations in stems. There were no consistent differences of ADF and NDF concentrations between cultivars throughout the study. This trial showed that both Zuri and Mun River would be ideal replacements for Mombasa and Tanzania in Northeast Thailand, as they would appeal to smallholder farmers for cut-and-carry forage with their upright, broad leaves, and at least similar DM production to Mombasa and superior DM production to Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":"23 1","pages":"187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88494720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria associated with tropical grass silage produced in Okinawa 冲绳产热带草青贮相关乳酸菌的鉴定与特性研究

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(8)234-249

T. Hanagasaki

{"title":"Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria associated with tropical grass silage produced in Okinawa","authors":"T. Hanagasaki","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(8)234-249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(8)234-249","url":null,"abstract":"In Okinawa, rate of increase in gross agricultural production during 2011‒2016 was the highest in Japan and sales of calves ranked fourth throughout Japan. Raising cattle by feeding high quality silage is beneficial both nutritionally and economically. However, little is known about lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in silages made from tropical grass in Okinawa. To improve understanding of fermentation processes in silages, the LAB present in a range of silages (Digitaria eriantha, Megathyrsus maximus, Chloris gayana, Urochloa mutica, Sorghum sp. and Zea mays) were identified. All isolates were Gram-positive and mainly catalase-negative bacteria. According to morphological and biochemical characters, 37 isolates were divided into 16 groups and on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, 7 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, 3 as L. paraplantarum, 1 as L. brevis, 1 as L. acidipiscis, 3 as L. casei, 1 as L. fermentum, 9 as Weissella paramesenteroides, 1 as W. kimchii, 5 as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, 2 as Lactococcus garvieae and 4 as Pediococcus pentosaceus. Some of this wide variety of LAB in Okinawan silage could be beneficial for improving quality of silages and further studies are planned to determine benefits of inoculating forage with particular strains at ensiling.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":"86 1","pages":"234-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89379707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Clearing confusion in Stylosanthes taxonomy. 2. S. macrocephala M.B. Ferreira & Sousa Costa vs. S. capitata Vogel and S. bracteata Vogel 澄清柱花草分类中的混淆。2. M.B. Ferreira & Sousa Costa vs. s capitata Vogel和s bracteata Vogel

IF 0.7 4区农林科学

Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(8)250-262

R. Schultze-Kraft, B. G. Cook, A. Ciprián

引用次数: 1