Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales最新文献

{"title":"Ingestive behavior and dry matter intake of dairy cattle grazing Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) pastures","authors":"Yesid Avellaneda-Avellaneda, Edgar Mancipe-Muñoz, J. Vargas-Martínez","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)261-270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)261-270","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of animal characteristics, grazing management, and supplementation on ingestive behavior and dry matter intake (DMI) of Kikuyu grass in lactating cows. Four trials were conducted with multiparous Holstein dairy cows in non-limiting forage conditions using 9 cows in each trial, 1 cow per paddock. Individual DMI was estimated through forage mass difference (pre- and post-grazing mass), ingestive behavior, and using markers [chromium oxide and undegradable acid detergent fibre (uADF)]. DMI was also estimated using 3 nutritional models (CSIRO, NRC, and AFRC). Grazing time and bite mass were positively related to the cow body weight, while bite rate showed a negative relationship with forage mass. The grazing time on a pasture of 42 d regrowth was less than the time spent grazing on a pasture of 28 or 56 d regrowth. DMI estimated by forage mass difference showed a positive relation with forage mass, supplement intake, and liveweight. DMI estimated using markers showed a positive relation with milk production and liveweight and a negative relationship with forage height. Forage mass difference and ingestive behavior measurements provided good estimates (R²>0.8) of DMI associated with forage mass, liveweight, and supplement intake in cows grazing Kikuyu grass.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43952850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of seed structures on dormancy in seeds of Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Mulato Ⅱ’","authors":"Jinhai Liu, He-Chun Wang, Fucheng Luo, Y. Wang, Cui Xu, Jinjuan Jiang","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)156-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)156-163","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the effects of seed structures on seed dormancy and tested methods to break dormancy in seeds of Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Mulato II’. Seeds stored for 10 months in indoor ambient conditions were studied to determine effects of seed structures on seed germination and their water permeability. Results showed that seed structures presented a barrier to water permeability. Removal of lemmas, puncturing the seed coat, seed structure removal and sulfuric acid immersion all reduced seed dormancy. Water and alcohol extracts from different parts of seeds inhibited seed germination of Brassica pekinensis seeds. There were 3 mechanisms responsible for seed dormancy; first, the mechanical barrier of seed structures, which excluded water and reduced gas exchange as well as restricting growth of the embryo; second, an endogenous germination inhibitor mainly found in lemmas; and third, water permeability of the seed coat (including pericarp and testa). The mechanical removal of lemmas and immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid reduced seed dormancy, although mechanical removal of the lemma alone was effective, convenient and safer.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42978146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal nutritive value and in vitro fermentation kinetics of foliage of some multipurpose shrub species in northeastern Mexico","authors":"Miguel Chávez Espinoza, H. Bernal Barragán, Maribel Guerrero Cervantes, I. Cantú Silva, Mauricio Cotera Correa, H. González Rodríguez, Andrés Eduardo Estrada Castillón","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)184-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)184-194","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine seasonal chemical composition, metabolizable energy (ME) concentration, in vitro gas production patterns, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and in vitro true organic matter digestibility (IVTOMD) of foliage from 5 native shrub species (Celtis pallida, Croton suaveolens, Forestiera angustifolia, Guaiacum angustifolium and Parkinsonia aculeata) growing in semi-arid areas of northeastern Mexico between July 2018 and June 2019 at 2 research sites. Crude protein (CP) concentrations (>13.2% DM) found in leaf material should meet or exceed the requirements for maintenance of small ruminants; C. pallida provided the highest CP% (20.8‒29.3%). While CP% varied with season and site, species had a greater effect than either of those factors overall. ME concentrations ranged between 1.2 and 2.0 Mcal/kg DM. Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations ranged from 29.8 to 51.7% DM and 9.8 to 33.0% DM, respectively. Data obtained for IVOMD (34.5‒58.8%) and IVTOMD (64.1‒88.7%) demonstrate the high nutritive potential of leaf of browse species under study, especially C. pallida, as useful feed supplements for small ruminants in the semi-arid region of northeastern Mexico. Further studies could examine DM yields of browse from the various species, acceptance by small ruminants and their sustainability under regular defoliation under grazing.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49217071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the sustainable intensification of forage-based beef and dairy value chains in Colombia: a blessing and a curse","authors":"S. Burkart, Manuel Díaz, Karen Enciso, Andrés Charry, Natalia Triana, M. Mena, José Luis Urrea-Benítez, Irieleth Gallo Caro, R. Van der Hoek","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)237-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)237-248","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the difficulties associated with the need to transition the cattle sector in Latin America towards achieving sustainability and created a “double crisis” of pandemic and climate change. The increasing demand for animal sourced foods and the need to address the negative environmental impacts of cattle production, including greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss and deforestation, and the implications of climate change on cattle production (prolonged droughts, prolonged rainy seasons, heat stress), have placed strong emphasis on sustainable intensification of forage-based beef and dairy systems for climate change mitigation and adaptation. This is needed to meet the commitments made by many Latin American countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris Agreement. Through a qualitative approach, this perspective paper reviews the present and potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on progress towards sustainable intensification of the Colombian cattle sector. It also outlines new opportunities for sustainable intensification in Colombia that may provide useful examples for other Latin American countries. Short-term impacts such as: (i) increased input prices, (ii) limited access to inputs, credit, and technical assistance, and (iii) reduced incomes, have limited investment in sustainable intensification along the value chains. Reduced resources for research and development funding, unavailability of skilled and experienced staff, restrictions to travel and person-to-person interactions, in tandem, have caused setbacks in the development and application of sustainable technologies and programs. This has been addressed by increased use of technology for communication but there are difficulties with the broad availability of such technologies, especially farmers. A long-term shift of consumer demand towards more sustainable animal products is occurring and expected to continue, and this should lead to new opportunities for sustainable intensification.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forage production and quality of Urochloa decumbens cultivar ‘Basilisk’ in Okinawa, Japan","authors":"Hanagasaki Takashi","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)288-296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)288-296","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies were conducted to assess forage growth and nutritive value of Urochloa decumbens (syn. Brachiaria decumbens) cultivar ‘Basilisk’ in comparison with other grass species grown in Okinawa during 2002–2005 and 2006–2008. Harvests were performed every 40 days from April to October and every 55 days from November to March. In Experiment 1, from 2002 to 2005 total dry matter (DM) yield of ‘Basilisk’ (119.5 t/ha) was significantly higher than that of Digitaria eriantha cultivar ‘Transvala’ (87.4 t/ha; P = 0.01), one of the most popular recommended grass varieties in Okinawa Prefecture. Mean DM digestibility of ‘Basilisk’ was 56.7%, significantly higher than that of other recommended grass varieties (54.5–51.4%). In addition, total digestible DM yield (64.8 t/ha) and crude protein (CP) yield (13.7 t/ha) of ‘Basilisk’ were significantly higher than those of other varieties including ‘Transvala’ (P<0.01). In Experiment 2, total DM yield of ‘Basilisk’ during 2006–2008 was 93.0 t/ha and significantly higher only than that of Urochloa mutica (syn. Brachiaria mutica) (78.6 t/ha; P<0.01), whereas mean DM digestibility (54.8%) was significantly higher only than that of Chloris gayana cultivar ‘Katambora’ (52.8%; P<0.05). Total digestible DM yield (48.8 t/ha) of ‘Basilisk’ was significantly higher only than that of U. mutica (40.3 t/ha; P<0.01) while its total CP yield (10.4 t/ha) was similar to those of other Urochloa cultivars (P>0.05). As a result, in 2016 ‘Basilisk’ was approved to be added to the list of grasses recommended for sowing in Okinawa Prefecture for improving beef production in the area. A suitable supply of seed to allow this cultivar to be sown widely is essential if its potential for improving beef production in the region is to be realized.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46112258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forage characterization of Carajás grass (Cenchrus purpureus × C. americanus) fertilized with a range of doses of protected urea under irrigation during the growing season","authors":"F. G. D. S. Alves, M. S. D. S. Carneiro, Marcos Jacome Araújo, R. Ratke, Bárbara Silveira Leandro de Lima, N. S. Gomes, R. F. Silva, R. Edvan","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)164-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)164-171","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic and nutritional responses of Carajás grass (Cenchrus purpureus × C. americanus, syn. Pennisetum purpureum × P. glaucum, cultivar ‘Carajás’) fertilized with protected urea. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks in split-plot arrangement over time. The treatments consisted of 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg N/ha/year) and measurements were made over 2 seasons (spring 2015 and summer 2016), with 8 replicates. Leaf and stem elongation and senescence rate of tillers increased as N dosage increased, while tiller density, leaf:stem ratio, live:dead material ratio and phyllochron declined. Forage biomass increased with N dosage reaching 47 t DM green forage/ha at 800 kg N/ha but DM production per unit of N applied declined dramatically as level of N applied increased. There was no effect of season. For crude protein (CP) and fiber concentrations, a positive effect was observed with increasing N application, with maximum CP% of 172 g/kg with 800 kg N/ha in spring. Further studies are warranted to determine if economics indicate that the higher fertilizer levels are justified and even protected urea should still be applied on a number of occasions, but still less often than conventional urea, rather than as a single dose at the beginning of spring.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47862593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of feeding dried olive (Olea europaea) leaves with wheat strawconcentrate rations on feed conversion efficiency in Awassi rams","authors":"M. Alomar, M. Al-Masri, M. Zarkawi","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)297-301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)297-301","url":null,"abstract":"Three groups of Awassi rams were fed for 6 weeks either a conventional wheat straw-concentrate ration (Control) or 2 experimental rations, where 30 (G1) and 60% (G2) of the wheat straw was replaced with dried olive leaves following oil extraction. All rations were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Feed intake (FI), bodyweight gain (BWG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were measured. BWG and FI during the 6-week period were not significantly (P>0.05) different for the different rations, averaging 4.75 and 116 kg/animal, respectively. In addition, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in FCE values between the Control and experimental groups fed wheat straw + olive leaves, averaging 24.6 kg feed/kg gain. These results suggest that dried olive leaves can replace wheat straw in wheat straw-concentrate rations at levels up to 60% without affecting performance. Further studies are needed to determine optimal combinations of straw, olive leaves and concentrate to achieve different goals as well as intakes and performance when offered rations ad lib. Economic assessments would determine if including olive leaves would reduce the costs of feeding.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of plant population density of Chamaecrista rotundifolia on its value for hay making in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil","authors":"Angélica Lucélia da Silva Nascimento, Natan Lima Abreu, Raimundo Vagner de Lima Pantoja, Ingrid Stefanie Queiroz de Oliveira, Josilene do Nascimento Gomes, R. Chapuis, L. D. A. Faria","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)214-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)214-221","url":null,"abstract":"Chamaecrista rotundifolia is a forage legume little used with Brazilian livestock; however, it has been studied for this purpose for over 40 years in Australia. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of plant densities of approximately 444,400, 111,100 and 27,800 plants/ha (equivalent to spacings of 0.15 × 0.15; 0.30 × 0.30 and 0.60 × 0.60 m) on quantitative and qualitative parameters of C. rotundifolia grown in pure stands as forage under exclusive cropping for hay. While leaf dry matter yields in the first 93 days after planting ranged from 1.48 to 9.32 t DM/ha, declining to 0.71–4.92 t DM/ha in the subsequent 83 days, crude protein concentration of the material was only 7–8%. Since this species tends to lose leaf during periods of stress, larger paddock studies are needed to determine how well leaf material is retained under conventional hay-making conditions. Optimal stubble height following harvesting should be investigated in an endeavor to increase DM yields at second harvest along with improved survival of plants.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of adding agro-industrial by-products and bacterial inoculant at ensiling on nutritional quality and bacterial colonization of Tifton 85 [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] silages","authors":"André Sanches de Avila, M. A. Zambom, A. Faccenda, M. A. Neres, Luana Muxfeldt, C. R. Schneider, Marcelo Martini Stum, Ricardo Dri, Pâmela Rosana Schneider","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)204-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)204-213","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of adding agro-industrial by-products (soybean hulls and cornprocessing residue) and bacterial inoculant to Tifton 85 forage at ensiling on nutritional quality and bacterial colonization of resulting silages. The design was completely randomized in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments were: Tifton 85 forage; Tifton 85 + soybean hulls; Tifton 85 + corn-processing residue; Tifton 85 + bacterial inoculant; Tifton 85 + soybean hulls + inoculant; and Tifton 85 + corn-processing residue + inoculant. Inclusion of by-products increased dry matter and organic matter percentages of silages, while addition of soybean hulls improved crude protein concentration in silage. Total digestible nutrients in silages containing by-products were higher than in straight Tifton 85 silage. In addition, addition of by-products increased in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of resulting silages. Most treatments showed aerobic stability up to 144 hours after exposure to air, except for Tifton 85 + corn-processing residue without inoculant, which became unstable by 120 hours of exposure. Addition of by-products at ensiling of Tifton 85 forage appears beneficial but there seems little benefit in adding bacterial inoculant. More studies on a larger scale are needed to confirm these preliminary results, while feeding studies would determine any improvement in animal performance when fed silage containing by-products.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, morphological, and biochemical characterization of Cratylia argentea (Desv.) Kuntze seeds","authors":"E. Mattar, Daniel Teixeira Pinheiro, Wander Douglas Pereira, B. P. Brasileiro, Walter José Rodrigues Matrangolo, Paulo César Hilst, Paola Andrea Hormaza Martínez, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias","doi":"10.17138/tgft(10)172-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(10)172-183","url":null,"abstract":"Cratylia argentea is a shrub legume native to tropical regions of South America where it is used for animal feed and green manure. In the absence of germination guidelines, the key aim of this study was to define the most suitable temperature for conducting germination and accelerated aging tests. The biochemical attributes of seeds were also assessed. Seeds with 10% moisture from 4 different seed lots were germinated using the between paper method in a germinator at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and alternating temperatures of 20/30 °C (16 h:8 h), with daily counting until germination was stable (seven days without germination). For the accelerated aging test, two temperatures (41 and 45 °C) and six aging periods (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h) for seeds with between 10–40 % moisture content were used. Carbohydrates (%), ethereal extract (%), crude protein (%) and macro and micronutrient contents of the seeds were measured. Results showed that C. argentea seeds consist predominantly of starch (22.67 %) and protein (26.45 %) reserves with a low percentage of lipids. For the germination test, the temperature of 30 °C is recommended, allowing greater percentage and speed of germination, with seedling evaluation at 10 and 20 days. For the accelerated aging test, aging for 48 h at 41 °C is recommended to discriminate C. argentea seed lots in terms of quality.","PeriodicalId":56049,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47631664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}