Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"How habitat loss and fragmentation are reducing conservation opportunities for vertebrates in the most threatened savanna of the World","authors":"João Paulo S. Vieira-Alencar ,&nbsp;Bruna E. Bolochio ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Carmignotto ,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Sawaya ,&nbsp;Luís Fábio Silveira ,&nbsp;Paula Hanna Valdujo ,&nbsp;Cristiano de Campos Nogueira ,&nbsp;Javier Nori","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective, resilient and strategic protected area networks are essential to protect biodiversity and human welfare, especially in vulnerable biodiversity hotspots. This is the case in the Brazilian Cerrado, the richest tropical savanna, and a deforestation front worldwide. Worryingly, the rate of habitat conversion in Cerrado greatly reduces opportunities to conserve its biodiversity. Herein, using the most comprehensive database on the distribution of Cerrado endemic terrestrial vertebrates, we mapped conservation priority areas and evaluated how and to what extent habitat loss and fragmentation reduce conservation opportunities. Priority areas are scattered throughout the Cerrado. Larger priority areas are concentrated in the northern portion of the region. Southern priority areas are small, scattered, and isolated. During the last 35 years, opportunities to conserve large contiguous areas have significantly decreased, hampering the representation of key endemic species. However, as most endemic vertebrates are small ranged, modest but well located increments in total protected area will result in significant overall improvements in the PA system. Protecting the largest priority areas identified here is urgent and mandatory, while using habitat restoration as a key activity to promote connectivity among smaller priority areas, especially in the southern portion of this hotspot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47833457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting nation-wide citizen science and expert collected data on hummingbird–plant interactions","authors":"Camila Bosenbecker ,&nbsp;Pedro Amaral Anselmo ,&nbsp;Roberta Zuba Andreoli ,&nbsp;Gustavo Hiroaki Shimizu ,&nbsp;Paulo Eugênio Oliveira ,&nbsp;Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Citizen science has the potential to increase the efficiency of scientific data collection. However, such initiatives often focus on unique taxa for each record, not necessarily involving interspecific interactions. Moreover, whether openly available unstructured citizen science data can contribute to better understand ecological patterns is still not well understood. Here, we identify hummingbird-plant interactions recorded by amateur birdwatchers in the most popular online platform in Brazil, Wikiaves. Then, we evaluated how this information can benefit our understanding of interactions in a large Tropical country by comparing with data generated by experts. We also constructed a nation-wide meta-network to identify the structural roles of hummingbirds and plants. In total, 3210 interactions were compiled, with better hummingbirds and geographic coverage of citizen data in relation to expert data. The interaction network showed a modular pattern, and some plant species found as most frequently interacting here were similar to those found by experts. Nevertheless, when comparing the plant partners for hummingbirds featured in both expert and citizen data, the proportion of plants in common were generally low (usually less than 40%), indicating that amateur birdwatchers are mostly recording interactions not captured by scientists. Finally, as in other cases of compilation of interaction data, we found that sampling intensity (here, number of photographs) is a strong driver of interaction records, highlighting the unique challenge of separating biologically meaningful patterns from sampling artifacts in citizen science data. Our study illustrates the richness of citizen-gathered biodiversity data available in a megadiverse country, which show great potential to complement expert collected data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 164-171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional responses of plant communities in different life-stages to forest cover loss","authors":"L. Rocha-Santos ,&nbsp;D. Faria ,&nbsp;E. Mariano-Neto ,&nbsp;E.R. Andrade ,&nbsp;J.A. Bomfim ,&nbsp;D.C. Talora ,&nbsp;M.S. Pessoa ,&nbsp;E. Cazetta","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Habitat loss is among one of the main causes of biodiversity decline worldwide. Therefore, assessing different dimensions of diversity such taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional is important for more effective conservation strategies. Also, important but scarce, is the comparison of different life-stages which can bring insights due to different time delay on species responses to anthropogenic changes. Herein we assessed the influence of landscape-scale forest cover loss on different diversity dimensions of adult and juvenile tree assemblages. Our results showed that richness, phylogenetic and functional diversity were highly correlated for both life-stages. Forest cover loss leads to a decline in species richness more sharply in juveniles than adults, but in general, it did not affect phylogenetic and functional diversity. The responses among life-stages differed only for richness and phylogenetic mean pairwise distance. The negative impacts of forest cover loss on richness were not mirrored by phylogenetic and functional diversity, although there are some differences among life-stages. Our findings suggest that for practical purposes species richness is a primary and effective biodiversity measure at the landscape-scale. Furthermore, the stronger effects on juvenile assemblages indicate recruitment limitation and an impoverished future plant community, highlighting the importance to include different life-stages into conservation actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41740247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific variation of invaded pollination networks – the role of pollen-transport, pollen-transfer and different levels of biological organization","authors":"Carine Emer ,&nbsp;Jane Memmott","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Pollination networks have long been studied by quantifying plant-flower visitor species interactions. Despite making considerable contributions, this ignores important steps of pollen movement from anthers to receptive stigmas and neglects the intraspecific variation of the interacting partners. Addressing specialization and niche partitioning regarding heterospecific pollen transport and transfer, is fundamental to untangle the mechanisms behind contrasts seen in the impact of alien species on native communities.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>We used two well-sampled datasets on pollen-transport and pollen-transfer networks to test how intraspecific variation in interaction specialisation affects invaded pollination networks. We considered different levels of biological organization: from species- to individual-based networks.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>We found significant intraspecific variation in the pollen loads and pollen deposition of the invasive plant <em>Impatiens glandulifera</em>; thus only a few individual pollinators and plant stigmas carried large amounts of alien pollen grains, potentially functioning as super-spreaders driving the invading process. Consequently, most individuals carried only a few, or no alien pollen at all, possibly buffering the negative effects of invasive plants at the population and community levels.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Node and structural specialization were higher for individual-based and pollen-transfer networks, suggesting a lack of dominant, highly generalist links when downscaling from pollen-transport to pollen-transfer, and from species to individual-based networks.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>The high specialization, selectiveness and niche partitioning of plants, pollinators and their interaction revealed at the different stages of the pollination process and across distinct levels of biological organization, suggest important mechanisms associated with the (re) organization of population niches. Moreover, these mechanisms provide a promising approach towards a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of invasion biology from population to community and ecosystem functioning.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48537681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neotropical understory birds and mammals show divergent behaviour responses to human pressure","authors":"Pablo Jose Negret ,&nbsp;Mathew Scott Luskin ,&nbsp;Bibiana Gomez-Valencia ,&nbsp;Angelica Diaz-Pulido ,&nbsp;Luis Hernando Romero ,&nbsp;Adriana Restrepo ,&nbsp;Julie G. Zaehringer ,&nbsp;Kendall R. Jones ,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Ochoa-Quintero ,&nbsp;Calebe Pereira Mendes","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Human pressures such as hunting and habitat destruction can generate a deep fear in animals and this fear can influence their diel activity patterns and use of space. However, whether these behavioural responses to human pressure are consistent among key functional groups has been poorly studied. For example, while mammal species tend to become more nocturnal in areas with high human pressure, it is unclear if co-occurring birds display similar or opposite patterns. Here we used information from camera trapping (367 camera stations and 16,939 camera/days) along a gradient of human pressure in the Colombian Llanos to assess diel activity changes in understory birds and mammals. We found that diel activity significantly changed with higher human pressure for</em> 45% <em>of the birds (five species) and</em> 36% <em>of the mammals (five species) assessed, with four of five birds becoming more diurnal and all five mammals becoming more nocturnal. The average increase in nocturnality for the mammals was</em> 11.3% <em>while the average increase in diurnality for the birds was</em> 7%. <em>There was high variation in body size and dietary guild within impacted species, and only some were directly persecuted or hunted, suggesting that there are different pathways through which human pressure can affect vertebrates’ activity patterns. The contrasting behavioural responses to humans among vertebrate functional groups has significant repercussions for the fields of community ecology, including intraguild predation and competition, and should be a significant ecosystem-level conservation consideration.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43814571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of community-based monitoring projects of terrestrial game fauna in the tropics: a global review","authors":"Yasmin Maria Sampaio dos Reis,&nbsp;Maíra Benchimol","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodiversity monitoring projects comprise key conservation strategies established to minimize biodiversity loss. Particularly, community-based monitoring projects have recently been implemented worldwide. This approach favors three conservation pillars: provision of information on monitored resource through time, local people’s empowerment, and management practices. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify all past and current community-based monitoring projects of terrestrial game fauna in the tropics, and specifically examined seventeen of those projects in terms of costs, interruption and effectiveness. We identified a total of 52 projects, mostly located in the Amazon. We revealed an annual cost of US$0.24/hectare/project, with most of these initiatives interrupted due the lack of funding. We also noticed that the absence of data analyses comprised the main obstacle for the assessment on monitored game fauna through time, while empowerment was hampered by the lack of intensive local participation at different stages of monitoring. Finally, we observed that most management actions resulted in community rules and applications, including local bylaws governing resource use. We highlight that community-based programs can be more effective if they engage local people at all monitoring stages, build solid partnerships to ensure long-term funding and translate the outcomes into management practices for the monitored fauna.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44267052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance lessons from the Atlantic Forest to the conservation of the Amazon","authors":"Luís Fernando Guedes Pinto ,&nbsp;Joice Ferreira ,&nbsp;Erika Berenguer ,&nbsp;Marcos Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brazilian forests critical are for climate, water, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. The Atlantic Forest and the Amazon are among the most important tropical forests of the world but have different conservation status. The first is below its minimum threshold for biodiversity conservation while the Amazon is approaching its dieback threshold. Aiming to examine policy lessons from the Atlantic Forest which could be applied to the conservation of the Amazon, we first analysed the forest cover of basins of the Amazon compared to the reality of the Atlantic Forest. We found that regions of the Amazon already have forest cover similar to the Atlantic Forest and that 34% of them are below the dieback threshold. We propose policy lessons to avoid that the Amazon follow the same route of the Atlantic Forest and concluded that they need to be implemented urgently in a precautionary approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48036090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A participatory approach to map strategic areas for conservation and restoration at a regional scale","authors":"Luara Tourinho ,&nbsp;Sara Maria de Brito Alves ,&nbsp;Felipe Bastos Lobo da Silva ,&nbsp;Marcio Verdi ,&nbsp;Nádia Roque ,&nbsp;Abel Augusto Conceição ,&nbsp;Lidyanne Y.S. Aona ,&nbsp;Guilherme de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Alessandra Nasser Caiafa ,&nbsp;Dary M.G. Rigueira ,&nbsp;Tiago Jordão Porto ,&nbsp;Ricardo Dobrovolski ,&nbsp;Bruno Vilela","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Identifying and mapping strategic areas for conservation and restoration actions are essential initiatives to reduce human impact on biodiversity. However, most spatial prioritization does not involve decision-makers and stakeholders, generating a science-application gap. Here, we describe a participatory framework to map strategic areas for conservation of 27 species and their ecosystems (SASC), and strategic areas for ecosystem restoration (SAER) in a highly diverse region of Bahia, Brazil. We had eleven participatory meetings where scientists, decision-makers and stakeholders discussed and agreed with the project and methodology. The participants chose five prioritization criteria: habitat amount, environmental suitability, fire frequency, permanently protected area amount and diversity of phytophysiognomies, in this order of relevance. We generated technical maps based on these criteria, which were adjusted to 11 SASC and 12 SAER, according to participants’ perspectives. Many decisions taken during this process would hardly be taken in a conventional academic prioritization process, as some demands arose from participants. These maps are the first step for many posterior conservation actions (e.g. reducing agricultural impacts and species trade), therefore, the results were made accessible to the general public. This process provided participants a sense of ownership of the knowledge, as they became active agents in the process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 52-61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41916140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business, biodiversity, and innovation in Brazil","authors":"Anna C. Fornero Aguiar ,&nbsp;Fabio R. Scarano ,&nbsp;Reinaldo L. Bozelli ,&nbsp;Paulo D. Branco ,&nbsp;Paula Ceotto ,&nbsp;Vinicius F. Farjalla ,&nbsp;Rafael Loyola ,&nbsp;José Maria C. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Official reports and academic studies call for profound and immediate transformations in how businesses relate to biodiversity. The urgency is such that the first draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the Convention of Biological Diversity has a specific target aimed at full sustainability in biodiversity practices in businesses by 2030. Brazil—a country with the greatest reservoir of biodiversity and the 12th largest economy on the planet —should be fertile ground for new developments and innovations on this front. However, the shortage of academic engagement with businesses in the country may impede this path. We propose six biodiversity-related innovation fronts and opportunities for engagement between high education institutions and companies in Brazil. We reviewed the literature regarding two sets of practices: pressing issues (including environmental licensing, biodiversity offsets, and conservation in private reserves), and new business opportunities (sustainable bioeconomy, access and benefit sharing – ABS, and environmental and social governance – ESG). Such themes have direct relevance to the Post-2020 GBF business sustainability target and potential national impact. There is plenty of room for academic engagement with businesses in all cases. Examples include supporting definition of metrics and standards, providing information systems to increase transparency, among others. In conclusion, we argue that an innovative mindset from corporations and academics will be necessary before Brazilian businesses can move on to develop innovative and sustainable processes and products related to biodiversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41901219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global South leadership towards inclusive tropical ecology and conservation","authors":"Carolina Ocampo-Ariza ,&nbsp;Manuel Toledo-Hernández ,&nbsp;Felipe Librán-Embid ,&nbsp;Dolors Armenteras ,&nbsp;Justine Vansynghel ,&nbsp;Estelle Raveloaritiana ,&nbsp;Isabelle Arimond ,&nbsp;Andrés Angulo-Rubiano ,&nbsp;Teja Tscharntke ,&nbsp;Valeria Ramírez-Castañeda ,&nbsp;Annemarie Wurz ,&nbsp;Gabriel Marcacci ,&nbsp;Mina Anders ,&nbsp;J. Nicolás Urbina-Cardona ,&nbsp;Asha de Vos ,&nbsp;Soubadra Devy ,&nbsp;Catrin Westphal ,&nbsp;Anne Toomey ,&nbsp;Sheherazade ,&nbsp;Yolanda Chirango ,&nbsp;Bea Maas","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strengthening participation of Global South researchers in tropical ecology and conservation is a target of our scientific community, but strategies for fostering increased engagement are mostly directed at Global North institutions and researchers. Whereas such approaches are crucial, there are unique challenges to addressing diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) within the Global South given its socio-economic, cultural and scientific contexts. Sustainable solutions protecting biodiversity in the tropics depend on the leadership of Global South communities, and therefore DEI improvements in the Global South are paramount in our field. Here, we propose ten key actions towards equitable international collaborations in tropical ecology, which, led by Global South researchers, may improve DEI at institutional, national and international levels. At an institutional level, we recommend (1) becoming role models for DEI, (2) co-developing research with local stakeholders, and (3) promoting transparent funding management favouring local scientists. At a national level, we encourage (4) engagement in political actions protecting scientists and their research in tropical countries, (5) participation in improving biodiversity research policies, and (6) devising research that reaches society. At an international level, we encourage Global South researchers in international collaborations to (7) lead and direct funding applications, (8) ensure equitable workloads, and (9) procure equal benefits among national and foreign collaborators. Finally, (10) we propose that Global South leadership in DEI efforts has the most potential for worldwide improvements, supporting positive long-lasting changes in our entire scientific community. Supplementary materials provide this abstract in 18 other languages spoken in the Global South.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49440032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}