Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Business, biodiversity, and innovation in Brazil","authors":"Anna C. Fornero Aguiar ,&nbsp;Fabio R. Scarano ,&nbsp;Reinaldo L. Bozelli ,&nbsp;Paulo D. Branco ,&nbsp;Paula Ceotto ,&nbsp;Vinicius F. Farjalla ,&nbsp;Rafael Loyola ,&nbsp;José Maria C. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Official reports and academic studies call for profound and immediate transformations in how businesses relate to biodiversity. The urgency is such that the first draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the Convention of Biological Diversity has a specific target aimed at full sustainability in biodiversity practices in businesses by 2030. Brazil—a country with the greatest reservoir of biodiversity and the 12th largest economy on the planet —should be fertile ground for new developments and innovations on this front. However, the shortage of academic engagement with businesses in the country may impede this path. We propose six biodiversity-related innovation fronts and opportunities for engagement between high education institutions and companies in Brazil. We reviewed the literature regarding two sets of practices: pressing issues (including environmental licensing, biodiversity offsets, and conservation in private reserves), and new business opportunities (sustainable bioeconomy, access and benefit sharing – ABS, and environmental and social governance – ESG). Such themes have direct relevance to the Post-2020 GBF business sustainability target and potential national impact. There is plenty of room for academic engagement with businesses in all cases. Examples include supporting definition of metrics and standards, providing information systems to increase transparency, among others. In conclusion, we argue that an innovative mindset from corporations and academics will be necessary before Brazilian businesses can move on to develop innovative and sustainable processes and products related to biodiversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41901219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global South leadership towards inclusive tropical ecology and conservation","authors":"Carolina Ocampo-Ariza ,&nbsp;Manuel Toledo-Hernández ,&nbsp;Felipe Librán-Embid ,&nbsp;Dolors Armenteras ,&nbsp;Justine Vansynghel ,&nbsp;Estelle Raveloaritiana ,&nbsp;Isabelle Arimond ,&nbsp;Andrés Angulo-Rubiano ,&nbsp;Teja Tscharntke ,&nbsp;Valeria Ramírez-Castañeda ,&nbsp;Annemarie Wurz ,&nbsp;Gabriel Marcacci ,&nbsp;Mina Anders ,&nbsp;J. Nicolás Urbina-Cardona ,&nbsp;Asha de Vos ,&nbsp;Soubadra Devy ,&nbsp;Catrin Westphal ,&nbsp;Anne Toomey ,&nbsp;Sheherazade ,&nbsp;Yolanda Chirango ,&nbsp;Bea Maas","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strengthening participation of Global South researchers in tropical ecology and conservation is a target of our scientific community, but strategies for fostering increased engagement are mostly directed at Global North institutions and researchers. Whereas such approaches are crucial, there are unique challenges to addressing diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) within the Global South given its socio-economic, cultural and scientific contexts. Sustainable solutions protecting biodiversity in the tropics depend on the leadership of Global South communities, and therefore DEI improvements in the Global South are paramount in our field. Here, we propose ten key actions towards equitable international collaborations in tropical ecology, which, led by Global South researchers, may improve DEI at institutional, national and international levels. At an institutional level, we recommend (1) becoming role models for DEI, (2) co-developing research with local stakeholders, and (3) promoting transparent funding management favouring local scientists. At a national level, we encourage (4) engagement in political actions protecting scientists and their research in tropical countries, (5) participation in improving biodiversity research policies, and (6) devising research that reaches society. At an international level, we encourage Global South researchers in international collaborations to (7) lead and direct funding applications, (8) ensure equitable workloads, and (9) procure equal benefits among national and foreign collaborators. Finally, (10) we propose that Global South leadership in DEI efforts has the most potential for worldwide improvements, supporting positive long-lasting changes in our entire scientific community. Supplementary materials provide this abstract in 18 other languages spoken in the Global South.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49440032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call for improving the Key Biodiversity Areas framework","authors":"Harith Farooq ,&nbsp;Alexandre Antonelli ,&nbsp;Søren Faurby","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eight percent of all land surface has been designated as “Key Biodiversity Areas” (KBAs). Since these areas were established based on two percent of all terrestrial species estimated to exist, we ask what would happen if we used all species on Earth to identify additional KBAs. We explore this question at a global scale by using data from 64,110 species of animals and plants to identify how many areas could qualify as KBAs under current criteria. We find that between 26% and 68% of the world’s terrestrial areas can be classified as KBAs, depending on the spatial resolution. The total area from potential KBAs increases drastically as more species are assessed, suggesting that if all species were included, all land surface could eventually meet the biological requirements for becoming a KBA. KBAs are intended to be areas that are both of biological importance and manageable, but since they lack a data-driven ranking system, the current framework largely sidesteps the biological component. We, therefore, make an urgent call for stricter criteria in the KBA methodology or alternative methodologies that allow for biologically robust area prioritization, help secure evidence-based investments, and support progress toward the targets under the new Global Biodiversity Framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49706854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal references for ecological restoration: the need to protect references in the tropics","authors":"Tiago Shizen Pacheco Toma ,&nbsp;Gerhard Ernst Overbeck ,&nbsp;Milton de Souza Mendonça Jr ,&nbsp;G.Wilson Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Restoration and conservation are linked by the fact that restoration can help improving, expanding, or connecting protected areas. Here, we argue that conservation can play a critical role for restoration by targeting optimal references, i.e., areas representative of the spectrum of different habitats to be restored. In view of high rates of habitat loss in parallel with recently established ambitious restoration goals, the availability of adequate references is of high importance to restoration. However, not always the best possible references are being used, nor are they prioritized in conservation. We discuss the need for defining, prioritizing, and protecting optimal references as a strategic approach thus we would be better equipped to tackle current and forthcoming challenges in conservation and restoration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42320719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power lines and birds: An overlooked threat in South America","authors":"Natalia Rebolo-Ifrán ,&nbsp;Pablo Plaza ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Pérez-García ,&nbsp;Víctor Gamarra-Toledo ,&nbsp;Francisco Santander ,&nbsp;Sergio A. Lambertucci","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Power lines endanger birds around the world, as a large number of them are killed every year through electrocutions and collisions. This problem can have severe consequences at population level, particularly for threatened species. While this threat has been widely studied in different parts of the world, information from South America is scarce. Here, we review information from scientific and grey literature on the collision and electrocution of birds on power lines from this sub-continent. We complement this information with novel data provided by a citizen science project, electrical companies and field monitoring records. Our results show that although in South America scientific and anecdotal information on this topic is scarce, data suggests that this threat is present in many areas of this sub-continent and affects several species, some of which are seriously threatened. However, information on the most affected species, the number of individuals impacted, the most dangerous geographical areas and the effectiveness of mitigation action is scarce and mainly anecdotal. This is worrying, because South America is a hot spot of biodiversity with many threatened and endemic bird species. We urge conservationists to evaluate this problem in more detail, define areas where it is important to avoid power line installation and establish priority areas for implementation of effective mitigation actions. Scientific evidence shows that dangerous power lines require retrofitting, but this knowledge should also be applied to the new energy facilities and the establishment of national regulations, which would undoubtedly reduce the impact of this infrastructure on wildlife.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49010371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat protection and restoration: Win–win opportunities for migratory birds in the Northern Andes","authors":"Ana M. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Nestor Espejo ,&nbsp;Dolors Armenteras ,&nbsp;Keith A. Hobson ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Kardynal ,&nbsp;Greg W. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Nancy Mahony ,&nbsp;Christine A. Bishop ,&nbsp;Pablo J. Negret ,&nbsp;Scott Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Identifying strategies that offer co-benefits for biodiversity protection, forest restoration and human well-being are important for successful conservation outcomes. In this study, we identified opportunities where forest restoration and rehabilitation programs in Colombia also align with priority areas for the conservation of Neotropical migratory birds. We used citizen science eBird-based abundance estimates to define regions with the highest richness of Neotropical migratory birds of conservation concern at montane elevations in Colombia and aligned these high richness areas with domestic initiatives for forest protection (Forest Areas), restoration (Restoration Areas) and rehabilitation (Rehabilitation Areas). We quantified the location and amounts of these three areas as well as the type of land protection and designation within them, specifically, National Protected Areas, Indigenous Reserves, Afro-descendent territories, and regions affected by poverty and violence that are prioritized for rural development by the Colombian government in Post-conflict Territorially Focused Development Programs (PDET). Almost half of Forest Areas overlapped with PDETs where goals for economic development present a risk of forest loss if not done sustainably. There was a 20% overlap between Forest Areas and Afro-descendant territories and indigenous reserves; most of this overlap was outside of established protected areas thus presenting an opportunity for community forest conservation that benefits migratory birds. We found an alignment of less than 6% between migrant bird focal areas and the priority Restoration and Rehabilitation Areas identified by the Colombian National Restoration Plan indicating less opportunity for these programs to simultaneously benefit Neotropical migrant species. Our approach highlights that timely and efficient conservation of declining migrants depends on identifying the regions and strategies that incorporate local communities as part of the solution to forest loss and degradation in Colombia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49706484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical assessment of ex situ conservation based on the Brazilian avifauna: Are we focusing on what is easier?","authors":"Renato Feliciano ,&nbsp;Abraão de Barros Leite ,&nbsp;Maíra Castro Garbeloto ,&nbsp;Luís Fábio Silveira ,&nbsp;Mercival Roberto Francisco","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Species have been lost at unprecedented rates. Because only a small fraction of the threatened taxa have been managed under human care, contrasting the characteristics of taxa that have, and have not been targeted to <em>ex situ</em> conservation can reveal the reach of this conservation strategy, and can indicate its main challenges. Here we investigated whether the level of threat, diet, body mass, phylogeny, and previous presence in captivity due to non-conservation purposes could be potential parameters accounting for the occurrence of Brazilian threatened avian species and subspecies in <em>ex situ</em> conservation facilities and for their eligibility to organized <em>ex situ</em> conservation plans. Using Bayesian phylogenetic comparative models we found positive effects of body mass and phylogeny, and a negative effect of insectivorous diet in the occurrence of the taxa in non-conservation facilities. The previous presence in non-conservation facilities, together with phylogeny, diet, and body mass were the main parameters accounting for the occurrence of the threatened taxa in <em>ex situ</em> conservation facilities, and the previous presence in non-conservation facilities and phylogeny explained the existence of organized <em>ex situ</em> conservation plans. This is evidence that conservation breeding facilities have mostly harbored threatened confiscated birds than choosing them based on scientific criteria. We suggest that investing in the development of husbandry techniques, especially for insectivorous passerines, and choosing taxa based on scientific criteria are important challenges that should be on the agenda of conservation managers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of natural forest and eucalyptus plantations on seven water-related ecosystem services in Cerrado landscapes","authors":"Giulia Baldaconi S. Bispo ,&nbsp;Rozely F. Santos ,&nbsp;Marcelo L.M. Pompeo ,&nbsp;Silvio Frosini. B. Ferraz ,&nbsp;Carolina B. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Bruno M. Brentan","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is imperative that decision-makers recognize when the intensity of human interference in regard to forest losses may result in adverse conditions for water ecosystem services. Several studies have indicated that defining thresholds is appropriate for indicating the ideal relationship between natural ecosystems and land uses in such a way as to ensure ecosystem service supply, but this knowledge is not readily available for different water services. To predict tipping points of change in the availability of seven water-related services, we assessed 11 catchments with different proportions of natural forests (Brazilian <em>cerradão</em>) and eucalyptus plantations. We analyzed water samples for 13 physical–chemical–biological parameters, which by specific aggregation functions define indices for each water service. We applied the piecewise model to evaluate the relationships between water service indices and natural forest cover. The results indicated that the highest potential gains occurred above 45% of forest. Landscapes with less than 20% natural forests tended to become unsustainable in maintaining services. Erosion control had a higher correlation with the decrease in natural forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43216761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The agony of choice: Species richness and range size in the determination of hotspots for the conservation of phyllostomid bats","authors":"José D. Cú-Vizcarra ,&nbsp;Fabricio Villalobos ,&nbsp;M. Cristina MacSwiney G. ,&nbsp;Vinicio J. Sosa ,&nbsp;Beatriz Bolívar-Cimé","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Area-based strategies for conservation include defining species richness and rarity hotspots. However, excluding vulnerable species (e.g., with restricted distribution and categorized as threatened), in establishing such hotspots may limit their representativeness, so the convenience of asserting them has been widely debated. To inform conservation assessments for the New World leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), we identified hotspots based simultaneously on species richness and rarity of 214 species. We projected species range maps on a 0.5° × 0.5° longitude-latitude grid, from which we built a presence-absence matrix with 6951 sites. Using range-diversity plots, we described richness-rarity hotspots (sites with high species richness and presence of rare species) and poorness-rarity hotspots (with low species richness and presence of rare species). We assess the representativeness of the hotspots within established protected areas using the World Database on Protected Areas. The richness-rarity hotspot was located in the Andean zone from Peru to Panama within which 46 species of phyllostomid bats are distributed and 37% of its surface is protected. While the poorness-rarity hotspot was located in the northern region of Mexico and the Caribbean with 50 phyllostomid bats species and 19% of its surface protected. We hope that our analysis represents a relevant tool for the conservation of phyllostomid bats, which provide several ecosystem services and are currently facing different threats derived from anthropogenic activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 360-368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064422000566/pdfft?md5=dd02c89f3f933c64c5a7fa45acc6b941&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064422000566-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48630857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the contribution of local experts in monitoring Neotropical vertebrates with camera traps, linear transects and track and sign surveys in the Amazon","authors":"Monique Ponce-Martins ,&nbsp;Cintia Karoline Manos Lopes ,&nbsp;Elildo Alves Ribeiro de Carvalho-Jr ,&nbsp;Felipe Matheus dos Reis Castro ,&nbsp;Milton José de Paula ,&nbsp;Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2022.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the need for consistent databases for conservation planning and management in protected areas, a challenge is to develop more accessible approaches, while ensuring that the data are robust and fit for purpose. We compared the assemblage of medium and large vertebrates using three techniques, camera trap, diurnal line-transect census (sightings/vocalisations) and track and sign surveys, the latter two being carried out with the participation of local experts (local hunters). We observed that the methods employed were selective in detecting groups of species and, therefore, their use in combination is recommended for a more comprehensive assessment of wildlife biodiversity, as well as for detecting population trends. When evaluating the sightings/vocalisations and tracks and signs data together (given they can be applied concomitantly) in comparison to the camera traps, we verified that broadly the same numbers of species were detected, recording 29 and 28 species, respectively. The sightings/vocalizations were more efficient for detecting primates; track and signs allowed detection of most nocturnal and cryptic or evasive species (e.g., Artiodactyla and Cingulata); camera traps are most effective for rare carnivores and rodents. Thus, in an ideal scenario, the three methods should be used to monitor these species, however, the use of more accessible surveys to be practiced by local experts are efficient for most large and medium-sized vertebrate species. Considering developing countries such as Brazil, involving local experts and their knowledge in a monitoring program becomes essential for the continuity of monitoring in the long term.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 303-313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S253006442200058X/pdfft?md5=57e03ba27edfd144e7e7e973f059b1f4&pid=1-s2.0-S253006442200058X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47825486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}