Lancet Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Reflections on the tobacco-free generation: methodological challenges and global implications","authors":"Sergi Trias-Llimós, Ariadna Feliu, Esteve Fernández","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00004-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00004-0","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and perceptions of personalised risk-based cancer screening among health-care professionals and the general public: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Naomi Q P Tan, Renu S Nargund, Elisa E Douglas, Maria A Lopez-Olivo, Paul J Resong, Sayaka Ishizawa, Sara Nofal, Kate Krause, Robert J Volk, Iakovos Toumazis","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00278-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00278-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Personalised risk-based screening (PRBS) can enhance the efficiency of cancer screening programnes, but little is known about support for its implementation among the general public and health-care professionals. We aimed to summarise the acceptability and perceptions of PRBS for breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer screening among these groups.<h3>Methods</h3>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of original research studies reporting on breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer screening; personalised risk assessments to guide PRBS; and the acceptability of and receptibility towards these approaches among the general public, health-care professionals, or both. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Plus for articles published between Jan 1, 2010, and April 30, 2024. Studies not reporting on the outcomes of interest and with insufficient data for analysis were excluded. Six reviewers independently screened articles, and risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Quantitative data were analysed with use of random-effects meta-analysis for outcomes that had at least two studies. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO, CRD42022354287.<h3>Findings</h3>Our search identified 4491 unique records. After screening, 63 studies were included in our analysis, of which 36 (57%) included the general public, 21 (33%) included health-care professionals, and six (11%) included both. The majority of studies focused on breast cancer screening (43 [68%] studies), and were from North America (28 [44%]) and Europe (28 [44%]). Qualitative findings were analysed thematically, and the extracted quantitative findings were synthesised under the following topics: acceptability and perceptions of personalised risk assessments among the general public; acceptability and perceptions of PRBS among the general public; acceptability and perceptions of PRBS among health-care professionals; and barriers and facilitators to PRBS implementation among health-care professionals. The general public and health-care professionals generally found PRBS acceptable, but they needed more information about how risk was calculated and the accuracy of risk scores. Additionally, both groups were cautious about reducing screening frequencies for individuals at low risk and cited barriers such as the time and resources needed to implement an effective PRBS programme. The pooled estimate for acceptability of PRBS was 78% (95% CI 66–88) among the general public and 86% (64–99) among health-care professionals.<h3>Interpretation</h3>The general public and health-care professionals both viewed personalised risk assessments as providing valuable information and PRBS as a logical next step to increase the quality of patient care and improve cancer mortality. However, implementation barriers at the public, health-care professional, and syst","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank you to The Lancet Public Health's reviewers in 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00017-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00017-9","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adverse public health effects of non-medical cannabis legalisation in Canada and the USA","authors":"Tesfa Mekonen Yimer, Eva Hoch, Benedikt Fischer, Danielle Dawson, Wayne Hall","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00299-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00299-8","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis consumption is legally prohibited in most countries in the world. Several countries are legalising cannabis for adult consumption. It is important to monitor the public health effects of these policy changes. In this paper, we summarise the evidence to date on the legalisation of adult non-medical cannabis use in Canada and the USA. We describe regulatory models for cannabis legalisation, changes in cannabis products and pricing, effects on the illicit cannabis market, changes in cannabis use, and changes in cannabis-related physical and mental health harms. We discuss the challenges in assessing the effects of cannabis legalisation on public health outcomes and emphasise the importance of continuous and rigorous monitoring of adverse health effects to inform the design of public health policies and regulations.","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on the tobacco-free generation: methodological challenges and global implications – Authors’ reply","authors":"Julia Rey Brandariz, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, Alberto Ruano-Ravina, Isabelle Soerjomataram","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00008-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00008-8","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer screening: putting people at the centre","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00016-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00016-7","url":null,"abstract":"Feb 4 marks <span><span>World Cancer Day</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>—an opportunity to raise awareness about cancer and to reflect on the latest trends, challenges, and hopes. Acknowledging that cancer is not simply a medical diagnosis, but rather a unique personal story, the World Cancer Day campaign places people at the centre and calls for a people-centred approach to cancer.","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"77 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of severe mental illness among people in prison across 43 countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Christina Emilian, Noura Al-Juffali, Seena Fazel","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00280-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00280-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Prison populations have been increasing worldwide. Previous studies suggest that there is a high burden of psychiatric morbidity in people in prison, but, to our knowledge, the last published meta-analysis of prevalence is more than a decade old. We aimed to describe the pooled prevalence of depression, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders for people who are incarcerated.<h3>Methods</h3>In this updated systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched six databases and grey literature published from database inception until Aug 8, 2024, with no language or geographical restrictions. We included primary quantitative studies that reported the prevalence of depression and psychotic disorders in the unselected prison population, based their diagnoses on clinical examination or from interviews and by the use of validated diagnostic instruments, met standardised criteria of the ICD or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders for the diagnoses, and provided pooled prevalences for psychosis in the previous 6 months and clinical depression in the previous 2 weeks to 1 month. We excluded studies that used selected samples or were only qualitative. We investigated bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorders as separate diagnostic subcategories. We synthesised studies using random-effects meta-analysis and explored heterogeneity with meta-regression and subgroup analyses. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022378568.<h3>Findings</h3>We identified 131 publications reporting the prevalence of mental illness in 58 838 people in prison in 43 countries. We estimated that the prevalence of depression was 12·8% (95% CI 11·1–14·6) and for any psychosis was 4·1% (3·6–4·7). For diagnostic subcategories, we found that the prevalence of bipolar disorder was 1·7% (1·0–2·6) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders was 3·6% (1·3–7·1). Between-study heterogeneity was substantial for these estimates (<em>I</em>² 69–97%) with few explanations. However, subgroup analyses revealed that people in prison in low-income and middle-income countries had higher prevalences for depression (16·7% [95% CI 13·6–20·0]) than in high-income countries (10·8% [9·0–13·0]), and that, for people with psychosis who are incarcerated, psychiatrists were less likely to diagnose (3·5% [2·8–4·3]) than were non-psychiatrists (4·7% [3·9–5·5]).<h3>Interpretation</h3>Our study indicates that the prevalence of severe mental illness in people who are incarcerated worldwide is considerable. Meeting the treatment needs of people in prison who have mental ill health remains an ongoing challenge for public mental health. More evidence on how to improve the assessment, treatment, and linkage to services on release, which will require more research-friendly prison services, is now needed.<h3>Funding</h3>None.","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on the tobacco-free generation: methodological challenges and global implications","authors":"A Sathiya Susuman","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00005-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00005-2","url":null,"abstract":"The study by Julia Rey Brandariz and colleagues<span><span>¹</span></span> provides a novel approach to estimating the effect of a tobacco-elimination strategy on lung-cancer mortality by projecting outcomes for a cohort born between 2006 and 2010 across 185 countries. Although this simulation study offers promising results, with the potential to prevent more than 40% of deaths from lung cancer in the cohort, several issues require attention.","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Public Health 2024; 9: e684–99","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00015-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00015-5","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Macdonald C, Macpherson G, Leppan O, et al. Interventions to reduce harms related to drug use among people who experience incarceration: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health 2024; <strong>9:</strong> e684–99—</em>In the Findings section of the Summary of this Article, the 95% CI in the second sentence should read “Therapeutic community interventions reduced re-arrest at 6–12 months (six studies; odds ratio [OR] 0·72; 95% CI 0·59–0·87) […]”. The same change to the 95% CI was made to the second sentence of the 17th paragraph of the Results section, to read “Overall, therapeutic communities were associated with a reduction in re-arrests at 6–12 months (OR 0·72, 0·59–0·87).” The appendix has also been updated. This correction has been made as of Feb 3, 2025.","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life expectancy by county and educational attainment in the USA, 2000–19: an observational analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00303-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00303-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;Educational disparities in life expectancy in the USA have been documented nationally but have not been comprehensively explored at the county level. Such geographical granularity is necessary for determining how these disparities vary across the country, thus highlighting the populations that could benefit most from increased access to educational support. We aim to estimate life expectancy at age 25 years for US counties from 2000 to 2019 for four educational attainment populations: less than high school, high-school graduate (including certificate of high school equivalency or other alternative credentials), some college (including associate degrees and incomplete college), and college graduate (including graduate and professional degrees).&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;In this observational analysis, we estimated age-specific mortality by educational attainment, county, sex, age, and year using validated small-area estimation models, and then used standard life table techniques to estimate life expectancy at age 25 years using deaths data from the US National Vital Statistics System and population data from the 2000 decennial census, American Community Survey, and National Center for Health Statistics between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2019. Estimates were adjusted for misclassification of educational attainment on death certificates and format changes to how education is captured on death certificates. We masked (ie, did not display) estimates for counties and educational attainment populations with a mean annual population of less than 1000.&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;Nationally, in all years there was a clear educational gradient in life expectancy at age 25 years where those with higher levels of education had higher life expectancy: individuals who had completed a college degree had higher life expectancy compared with those who had completed some college education (by 0·3 to 2·0 years over the study period), those who had completed some college had higher life expectancy than the high-school graduate population (by 4·1 to 4·9 years over the study period), and those who had graduated high school had higher life expectancy than those with less than a high-school education (by 3·4 to 5·1 years over the study period). From 2000 to 2019, life expectancy increased by 2·5 years (95% uncertainty interval 2·4 to 2·6) for the college graduate population, 0·7 years (0·6 to 0·8) for the population who had completed some college, and 0·3 years (0·3 to 0·4) for the high-school graduate population; there was no net change for those with less than a high-school education (0·0 years [−0·1 to 0·1]). In every educational attainment population, life expectancy increased by more from 2000 to 2010, with diminishing gains or even declines from 2010 to 2019. Life expectancy varied at the county level; eg, in 2019, the IQR for the population with less than a high-school education was 67·4 to 72·1 years, whereas for the college graduate population it was 82·3 to 84·6 yea","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}