Lancet Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Area-level socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in China: a nationwide cohort study based on the ChinaHEART project","authors":"Wenyao Peng, Siqi Lin, Bowang Chen, Xueke Bai, Chaoqun Wu, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yang Yang, Jianlan Cui, Wei Xu, Lijuan Song, Hao Yang, Wenyan He, Yan Zhang, Xi Li, Jiapeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00154-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00154-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Socioeconomic status is a key social determinant of health. Compared with individual-level socioeconomic status, the association between area-level socioeconomic status and mortality has not been well investigated in China. We aimed to assess associations between area-level socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in China, as well as the interplay of area-level and individual-level socioeconomic status on mortality.<h3>Methods</h3>In this nationwide cohort study, residents aged 35–75 years from 453 districts and counties were included in the China Health Evaluation and Risk Reduction Through Nationwide Teamwork (ChinaHEART) Study. The composite value of area-level socioeconomic status was generated from national census data and categorised into tertiles. Mortality rates and their 95% CIs were calculated using the Clopper–Pearson method. Cox frailty models were fitted to calculate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs for area-level socioeconomic status with the risk of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and their disparities across different population. We also assessed the roles of multiple individual factors as potential mediators.<h3>Findings</h3>Between December, 2015, and December, 2022, 1 119 027 participants were included, for whom the mean age was 56·1 (SD 9·9) years and 672 385 (60·1%) were female. 24 426 (5·24 [95% CI 5·18–5·31] per 1000 person-years) deaths occurred during the median 4·5-year follow-up. Compared with high area-level socioeconomic status, low area-level socioeconomic status was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause (hazard ratio 1·11, 95% CI 1·07–1·16), cardiovascular disease (1·38, 1·29–1·48), and respiratory disease (1·44, 1·22–1·71) mortality. The stronger associations were observed in people older than 60 years, females, and participants with lower individual-level socioeconomic status. The individual-level socioeconomic, behavioural, and metabolic factors mediated 39·5% of the association between area-level socioeconomic status and mortality, of which individual-level socioeconomic status made the largest contribution.<h3>Interpretation</h3>There are substantial area-level socioeconomic status-related inequalities in mortality in China. Individual-level socioeconomic, behavioural, and metabolic factors had mediating effects. Actions to improve area-level circumstances and individual factors are needed to improve health equity.<h3>Funding</h3>The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Science, the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding, the Ministry of Finance of China, and the National Health Commission of China.<h3>Translation</h3>For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"88 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational and income inequalities across diseases in Denmark: a register-based cohort study","authors":"Anna Vera Jørring Pallesen, Jochen O Mierau, Frederik Kølby Christensen, Laust Hvas Mortensen","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00128-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00128-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;Educational attainment and income are often, but not always, associated with disease incidence. Existing research typically examines single diseases, resulting in disparate analyses with little comparability. In this study, we aimed to assess educational and income inequalities across diseases in Denmark.&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;This register-based study included all Danish residents aged at least 30 years between Jan 1, 2013, and Dec 31, 2022, who were born after 1920, and with known educational attainment and income. We used a disease-wide approach to assess associations between education and income and the incidence of 751 diagnostic codes determined upon hospital admission. We estimated age-standardised incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using Poisson regression, adjusted for birth cohort and stratified by sex. Participants were followed up until time of diagnosis, death, emigration, or until Dec 31, 2022.&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;4 541 309 individuals aged 30 years and older were registered as living in Denmark between Jan 1, 2013, and Dec 31, 2022. 121 083 were excluded due to limited or missing information about educational attainment. 4 420 226 individuals were included in the analysis of educational inequalities (2 232 200 [50%] were female and 2 188 026 [50%] were male). 23 708 were excluded due to absence of income information, and 4 396 518 were included in the analysis of income inequalities (2 223 217 (51%) were female and 2 173 301 (49%) were male). Socioeconomic differences in incidence rates were observed across all disease groups; incidence rates of most diseases decreased with higher educational attainment and income. The magnitude of the socioeconomic inequalities varied substantially. Among non-communicable diseases, the strongest positive association with regard to education was observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for female individuals (low education &lt;em&gt;vs&lt;/em&gt; high education, IRR 2·7 [95% CI 2·4–3·0]) and schizophrenia for male inividuals (low education &lt;em&gt;vs&lt;/em&gt; high education, IRR 4·4 [2·2–8·8]), and the strongest negative association was in melanoma and other skin cancers for females (low education &lt;em&gt;vs&lt;/em&gt; high education, IRR 0·7 [0·7–0·8]) and melanoma and skin cancers for males (low education &lt;em&gt;vs&lt;/em&gt; high education, 0·7 [0·6–0·8]). With regard to income, for females, the strongest positive association was observed in schizophrenia (quartile 1 [Q1] &lt;em&gt;vs&lt;/em&gt; quartile 4 [Q4], IRR 10·1 [6·1–17·2]), whereas the strongest negative association was in melanoma and other skin cancers (Q1 &lt;em&gt;vs&lt;/em&gt; Q4, IRR 0·5 [0·5–0·6]). For males, the strongest positive assocation was schizophrenia (Q1 &lt;em&gt;vs&lt;/em&gt; Q4, IRR 18·4 [95% CI 8·5–39·9]) and the strongest negative association was also melanoma and other skin cancers (Q1 &lt;em&gt;vs&lt;/em&gt; Q4, IRR 0·5 [0·5–0·6]). The most prevalent disease category, other digestive diseases, was also strongly positively associated with education (low education &lt;em&gt;","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy, overweight, and obesity: time to invest in preventive strategies","authors":"Anna Akselsson","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00213-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00213-5","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to overweight and obesity across maternal birth regions: a Swedish population-based cohort study","authors":"Maryam Shirvanifar, Viktor H Ahlqvist, Michael Lundberg, Kyriaki Kosidou, Ángel Herraiz-Adillo, Daniel Berglind, Cecilia Magnusson, Pontus Henriksson","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00188-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00188-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Whether there are differences in the contribution of overweight and obesity to adverse pregnancy outcomes between migrant and non-migrant women in high-income countries, which might increase health inequalities, remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to estimate the contribution (including the proportion and number of attributable cases) of overweight and obesity to a wide range of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Swedish-born and migrant women.<h3>Methods</h3>This population-based cohort study used nationwide population registries in Sweden. All outcomes and covariates were collected from the Medical Birth Register (delivery and maternal characteristics), National Patient Register (inpatient and specialised outpatient care), the Cause of Death Register (all deaths in Sweden), the Longitudinal Integrated Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies (socioeconomic data), and the Total Population Register (maternal birth country data). Women with missing records of BMI at the first antenatal visit, country of birth, or covariates, were excluded from the study. BMI was measured during the first antenatal visit. Maternal country of birth was categorised into Sweden and seven super-regions. The proportion (ie, population attributable fractions [PAFs]) and the number of adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to overweight and obesity were calculated, adjusting for maternal age, gestational age at first antenatal visit, maternal parity, smoking status, maternal somatic conditions, child's sex, socioeconomic and demographic variables.<h3>Findings</h3>We identified 2 228 416 singleton pregnancies between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2020 of 1 245 273 women. 254 778 (11·4%) pregnancies with missing records of BMI at the first antenatal visit, country of birth, or covariates were excluded, which resulted in a final analytical cohort of 1 973 638 pregnancies carried by 1 164 783 women. The overall mean maternal age of the study population was 30·8 years (SD 5·1). As estimated by PAFs, overweight and obesity contributed to a large proportion of adverse pregnancy outcomes: gestational diabetes (52·1% [95% CI 51·0–53·2]), large-for-gestational age (36·9% [36·2–37·6]), pre-eclampsia (26·5% [25·7–27·3]), low Apgar score (14·7% [13·5–15·9]), infant mortality (12·7% [9·8–15·7]), severe maternal morbidity (henceforth referred to as a near-miss event; 8·5% [6·0–11·0]), and preterm birth (5·0% [4·4–5·7]) in the total study population. PAFs varied between maternal birth regions.<h3>Interpretation</h3>Interventions to reduce overweight and obesity have the potential to mitigate the burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes and possibly reduce inequalities in reproductive health. Therefore, public health practice and policy should prioritise efforts to prevent overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age.<h3>Funding</h3>Swedish Research Council.","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting the effects of smoking prevalence scenarios on years of life lost and life expectancy from 2022 to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00166-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00166-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;Smoking is the leading behavioural risk factor for mortality globally, accounting for more than 175 million deaths and nearly 4·30 billion years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to 2021. The pace of decline in smoking prevalence has slowed in recent years for many countries, and although strategies have recently been proposed to achieve tobacco-free generations, none have been implemented to date. Assessing what could happen if current trends in smoking prevalence persist, and what could happen if additional smoking prevalence reductions occur, is important for communicating the effect of potential smoking policies.&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;In this analysis, we use the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation's Future Health Scenarios platform to forecast the effects of three smoking prevalence scenarios on all-cause and cause-specific YLLs and life expectancy at birth until 2050. YLLs were computed for each scenario using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 reference life table and forecasts of cause-specific mortality under each scenario. The reference scenario forecasts what could occur if past smoking prevalence and other risk factor trends continue, the Tobacco Smoking Elimination as of 2023 (Elimination-2023) scenario quantifies the maximum potential future health benefits from assuming zero percent smoking prevalence from 2023 onwards, whereas the Tobacco Smoking Elimination by 2050 (Elimination-2050) scenario provides estimates for countries considering policies to steadily reduce smoking prevalence to 5%. Together, these scenarios underscore the magnitude of health benefits that could be reached by 2050 if countries take decisive action to eliminate smoking. The 95% uncertainty interval (UI) of estimates is based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of draws that were carried through the multistage computational framework.&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;Global age-standardised smoking prevalence was estimated to be 28·5% (95% UI 27·9–29·1) among males and 5·96% (5·76–6·21) among females in 2022. In the reference scenario, smoking prevalence declined by 25·9% (25·2–26·6) among males, and 30·0% (26·1–32·1) among females from 2022 to 2050. Under this scenario, we forecast a cumulative 29·3 billion (95% UI 26·8–32·4) overall YLLs among males and 22·2 billion (20·1–24·6) YLLs among females over this period. Life expectancy at birth under this scenario would increase from 73·6 years (95% UI 72·8–74·4) in 2022 to 78·3 years (75·9–80·3) in 2050. Under our Elimination-2023 scenario, we forecast 2·04 billion (95% UI 1·90–2·21) fewer cumulative YLLs by 2050 compared with the reference scenario, and life expectancy at birth would increase to 77·6 years (95% UI 75·1–79·6) among males and 81·0 years (78·5–83·1) among females. Under our Elimination-2050 scenario, we forecast 735 million (675–808) and 141 million (131–154) cumulative YLLs would be avoided among males and females, respectively. Life expectancy in 2050 would increase to 77·1 years (95% UI 74·","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaping among adults in England who have never regularly smoked: a population-based study, 2016–24","authors":"Sarah E Jackson, Lion Shahab, Harry Tattan-Birch, Jamie Brown","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00183-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00183-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>E-cigarettes are increasingly used by smokers and ex-smokers, often to support smoking cessation, but also among those who have never regularly smoked. The aim of our study is to estimate time trends in vaping prevalence among adults who have never regularly smoked and describe the profile of adult never-regular-smokers who vape.<h3>Methods</h3>In this nationally representative, monthly cross-sectional survey in England, 153 073 participants (aged ≥18 years) were recruited from July, 2016, to April, 2024. 94 107 (61·5%) of the 153 073 participants had never regularly smoked. Logistic regression estimated associations between survey wave and current vaping, overall, and by sociodemographic characteristics and alcohol consumption.<h3>Findings</h3>Vaping prevalence among never-regular-smokers was relatively stable up to 2021, at an average of 0·5% (95% CI 0·5–0·6) between July, 2016, and December, 2020; it then increased rapidly, reaching 3·5% (2·8–4·4) in April, 2024. This increase was largely driven by young adults (19·0% [13·9–25·4] among individuals aged 18 years) and those with higher alcohol consumption levels (22·1% [11·7–37·8%] among the heaviest drinkers). By contrast, trends among all adults (including current and former smokers) suggested the rise in vaping prevalence plateaued among all ages by early 2023. In 2023–24, 55·6% (48·2–62·8) of never-regular-smokers who vaped reported vaping daily; 81·7% (75·4–86·7) had been vaping for 6 months or more. The most used devices in 2023–24 were disposables (50·2% [42·9–57·5]) and the most commonly used e-liquids contained 20 mg/mL or more nicotine (44·6% [37·4–52·0]).<h3>Interpretation</h3>The number of adults in England who vape but have never regularly smoked rose rapidly between 2021 and 2024, particularly in younger age groups and most of these individuals reported vaping regularly over a sustained period. The public health impacts of this finding will depend on what these people would otherwise be doing: it is likely that some might have smoked if vaping were not an available option (exposing them to more harm), whereas others might not have smoked or vaped.<h3>Funding</h3>Cancer Research UK.","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated impact of a tobacco-elimination strategy on lung-cancer mortality in 185 countries: a population-based birth-cohort simulation study","authors":"Julia Rey Brandariz, Harriet Rumgay, Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf, Richard Edwards, Farhad Islami, Shiwei Liu, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, Paulo César Rodrigues Pinto Corrêa, Alberto Ruano-Ravina, Isabelle Soerjomataram","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00185-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00185-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;The tobacco-free generation aims to prevent the sale of tobacco to people born after a specific year. We aimed to estimate the impact of eliminating tobacco smoking on lung-cancer mortality in people born during 2006–10 in 185 countries.&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;For this population-based birth-cohort simulation study, we proposed a scenario in which tobacco sales were banned for people born between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2010, and in which this intervention was perfectly enforced, quantified until Dec 31, 2095. To predict future lung-cancer mortality rates, we extracted lung-cancer mortality data by sex, 5-year age group, and 5-year calendar period for countries with at least 15 years of data from the WHO Mortality Database. For countries for which mortality data were not available, we extracted data on lung-cancer incidence from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. To establish the number of lung-cancer deaths that could be prevented in the birth cohort if tobacco smoking was eliminated, we subtracted reported age-specific rate of deaths in people who had never smoked tobacco (hereafter referred to as never smokers) from a previous study from the expected rate of lung-cancer deaths in our birth cohort and applied this difference to the size of the population. We computed population impact fractions (PIFs), the percentage of lung-cancer deaths that could be prevented, by dividing the number of preventable lung-cancer deaths by the expected lung-cancer deaths in the birth cohort. We also aggregated expected and prevented deaths into the four World Bank income groups (ie, high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income). The primary outcome was the impact on lung-cancer mortality of implementing a tobacco-free generation.&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;Our birth cohort included a total population of 650 525 800 people. Globally, we predicted that 2 951 400 lung-cancer deaths could occur in the population born during 2006–10 if lung-cancer rates continue to follow trends observed during the past 15 years. Of these deaths, 1 842 900 (62·4%) were predicted to occur in male individuals and 1 108 500 (37·6%) were expected to occur in female individuals. We estimated that 1 186 500 (40·2%) of 2 951 400 lung-cancer deaths in people born during 2006–10 could be prevented if tobacco elimination (ie, a tobacco-free generation) was achieved. We estimated that more lung-cancer deaths could be prevented in male individuals (844 200 [45·8%] of 1 842 900 deaths) than in female individuals (342 400 [30·9%] of 1 108 500 deaths). In male individuals, central and eastern Europe had the highest PIF (48 900 [74·3%] of 65 800 deaths) whereas in female individuals, western Europe had the highest PIF (56 200 [77·7%] of 72 300 deaths). Middle Africa was the region with the lowest PIF in both male individuals (180 [2·1%] of 8600 deaths) and female individuals (60 [0·9%] of 6400 deaths). In both sexes combined, PIF was 17 400 (13·5%) of 128 900 deaths i","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term waning of vaccine-induced immunity to measles in England: a mathematical modelling study.","authors":"Alexis Robert, Anne M Suffel, Adam J Kucharski","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00181-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00181-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Among people infected with measles in England between 2010 and 2019, the proportion of cases who had previously received two doses of vaccine has increased, especially among young adults. Possible explanations include rare infections in vaccinated individuals who did not gain immunity upon vaccination, made more common because fewer individuals in the population were born in the endemic era, before vaccination was introduced, and exposed as part of endemic transmission, or the waning of vaccine-induced immunity, which would present new challenges for measles control in near-elimination settings. We aimed to evaluate whether measles dynamics observed in England between 2010 and 2019 were in line with a waning of vaccine-induced immunity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We used a compartmental mathematical model stratified by age group, region, and vaccine status, fitted to individual-level case data reported in England from 2010 to 2019 and collected by the UK Health Security Agency. The deterministic model was fitted using Monte Carlo Markov Chains under three scenarios: without the waning of vaccine-induced immunity, with waning depending on time since vaccination, and with waning depending on time since vaccination, starting in 2000. We generated stochastic simulations from the fitted parameter sets to evaluate which scenarios could replicate the transmission dynamics observed in vaccinated cases in England.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;The scenario without waning overestimated the number of one-dose recipients among measles cases, and underestimated the number of two-dose recipients among cases older than 15 years (median 75 cases [95% simulation interval (SI) 44-124] in simulations without waning, 196 [95% SI 122-315] in simulations when waning was included, 188 [95% SI 118-301] in simulations when waning started in 2000, and 202 observed cases). The number of onward transmissions from vaccinated cases was 83% (95% credible interval 72-91%) of the number of transmissions from unvaccinated cases. The estimated waning rate was slow (0·039% per year of age; 95% credible interval 0·034-0·044% per year in the best-fitting scenario with waning starting in 2000), but sufficient to increase measles burden.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interpretation: &lt;/strong&gt;Measles case dynamics in England are consistent with scenarios assuming the waning of vaccine-induced immunity. Since measles is highly infectious, slow waning leads to a heightened burden in outbreaks, increasing the number of measles cases in people who are both vaccinated and unvaccinated. Our findings show that although the vaccine remains highly protective against measles infections for decades and most transmission is connected to people who are unvaccinated, breakthrough infections are increasingly frequent for individuals aged 15 years and older who have been vaccinated twice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Funding: &lt;/strong&gt;National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcom","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"e766-e775"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Public Health 2024; 9: e443-60.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00212-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00212-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"e718"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sheffield model's influence in informing alcohol control policy.","authors":"Mark Robinson,Jaithri Ananthapavan","doi":"10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00225-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00225-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}