Virus Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Correction to: Phylogenetic estimation of the viral fitness landscape of HIV-1 set-point viral load.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veaf080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac022.].</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf080"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking down the origin and subsequent spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.619.","authors":"Nena Bollen, Samuel L Hong, Barney I Potter, Reto Lienhard, Marie-Lise Tritten, Nicolas Sierro, Emmanuel Guedj, Rémi Dulize, David Bornand, Mehdi Auberson, Maxime Berthouzoz, Pauline Duvoisin, Nikolai V Ivanov, Manuel C Peitsch, Verity Hill, Veerle Matheeussen, Sébastien Bontems, Bruno Verhasselt, Jonathan Degosserie, Luc Waumans, Guillaume Bayon-Vicente, Marijke Reynders, Lien Cattoir, Valentin Coste, Hanne Valgaeren, Johan Van Weyenbergh, Lize Cuypers, Emmanuel André, Keith Durkin, Piet Maes, Kamran Khan, Carmen Huber, Marc A Suchard, Martin Maidadi Foudi, Célestin Godwe, Moise Henri Moumbeket Yifomnjou, Messanga Landry, Richard Njouom, Placide Mbala Kingebeni, Paul Oluniyi, Idowu B Olawoye, Christian Happi, Ahidjo Ayouba, Martine Peeters, Sylvie Behillil, Etienne Simon-Lorière, Martin Hölzer, Simon Dellicour, Gytis Dudas, Guy Baele","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ve/veaf017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since late 2020, the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 has been of concern to public health, researchers and policymakers. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome-for which clear evidence is available indicating a significant impact on transmissibility, severity and/or immunity-illustrate the importance of genomic surveillance and monitoring the evolution and geographic spread of novel lineages. Lineage B.1.619 was first detected in Switzerland in January 2021, in international travellers returning from Cameroon. This lineage was subsequently also detected in Rwanda, Belgium, Cameroon, France, and many other countries and is characterised by spike protein amino acid mutations N440K and E484K in the receptor binding domain, which are associated with immune escape and higher infectiousness. In this study, we perform a phylogeographic analysis to track the geographic origin and subsequent dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.619. We employ a recently developed travel history-aware phylogeographic model, enabling us to incorporate genomic sequences with associated travel information. We estimate that B.1.619 most likely originated in Cameroon, in November 2020. We estimate the influence of the number of air-traffic passengers on the dispersal of B.1.619 but find no significant effect, illustrative of the complex dispersal patterns of SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Finally, we examine the metadata associated with infected Belgian patients and report a wide range of symptoms and medical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding VZV's evolutionary arsenal: how Beijing strains use recombination and adaptive mutations to thrive.","authors":"Xiaotian Han, Changcheng Wu, Yao Deng, Lingfang Zhang, Lantao Wang, Zhongxian Zhang, Xuejie Zhang, Chen Mai, Wenjie Tan, Yang Zhao","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veaf076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a highly contagious α-herpesvirus, causes chickenpox and shingles. Although vaccines have been widely deployed, breakthrough infections still occur occasionally. Therefore, genomic surveillance of VZV remains essential. This study collected samples from 28 VZV-infected patients in Beijing, generating 25 complete viral genome sequences. These strains exhibited high genomic similarity and all belonged to Clade 2, which we further subdivided into five subclades with distinct characteristic variants. Most newly sequenced strains carried the A20795T (gC: Ser107Thr) mutation and were classified as Clade 2b.4. Recombination analysis identified 32 putative recombination events, including both inter- and intra-clade types. Genes with diverse functions are under differential selective pressures, with 3-20 positively selected sites detected in <i>ORF17</i>, <i>ORF33</i>, <i>ORF33.5</i>, and <i>ORF14</i> (gC). These findings on new subclades, frequent recombination, and rapidly changing genes crucial for viral adaptation are important for controlling future outbreaks and improving vaccine effectiveness. The research provided critical resources for investigating VZV genomic evolution in Beijing and to offer new insights into viral evolution and transmission patterns for public health initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing the spread and phylogeography of foot-and-mouth disease virus across East and the Horn of Africa.","authors":"Dennis N Makau, Jonathan Arzt, Kimberly VanderWaal","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf073","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ve/veaf073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals, has significant implications for global livestock production and trade. In this study, we aimed to characterize and describe dispersal patterns and factors affecting pool 4 serotypes of FMD viruses (FMDVs) in the East and Horn of Africa. The study area included 12 countries, i.e. Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia (Horn of Africa) and Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and Malawi (East Africa); 1423 VP1 sequence data were used (224 serotype A, 593 serotype O, 310 SAT1, and 296 SAT2), obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank database. Using continuous and discrete space phylogeographic models in BEAST, we assessed viral dispersal, population dynamics, direction, and velocity modelled against environmental, human, and livestock demographic and trade data as raster files. We observed a rise in accessible sequences in the last decade, signifying enhanced surveillance and research endeavours but emphasizing the need for rigorous analyses to address biases, ensuring comprehensive data collection for precise phylogeographic inference, and highlighting the importance of genomic surveillance given the geographical imbalance pre-1970. Higher precipitation correlated with increased dispersal velocity for certain serotypes, while elevation influenced the direction of viral spread. Proximity to human and livestock populations, i.e. urbanization and agricultural activities, also influenced spatial transmission dynamics. We identified distinct viral clusters with Kenya and Sudan as major sources for intercountry spread in the East and Northern regions, respectively. Regional collaboration, data sharing, and targeted surveillance, informed by genomic data and environmental factors, can aid in early outbreak detection and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing and deciphering influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 reassortment in the 2019-23 seasons.","authors":"Tai-Jung Li, Kuan-Fu Chen, Andrew Pekosz, Yu-Nong Gong","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ve/veaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza A viruses remain a persistent public health concern due to their extensive genomic diversity and seasonality. Among the mechanisms driving their evolution, reassortment plays a pivotal role by facilitating the exchange of gene segments between co-infecting viruses, leading to novel viral genotypes. This mechanism contributes to pandemic strains, such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm), and affects seasonal influenza by introducing genetic changes with potential impacts on viral traits and clinical outcomes. Comprehensive reassortment analysis is therefore critical for better understanding the mechanisms underlying influenza virus evolution and their potential impact on public health. A new visualization tool, Crossing lines Annotating with Tanglegrams on Trees (CatTrees), was designed to enhance the presentation of reassortment events in multiple phylogenetic trees. To facilitate this workflow, we developed the Virus Data Analysis Toolkit (VIDA), a modular Python toolkit that automates and standardizes viral sequence preprocessing and downstream analyses. This integrated approach was successfully applied to whole genomes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm from 2019 to 2023. Notably, a novel group named reassortment 6B.1A.5a.1 (in short, re6B.1A.5a.1 or re5a.1) emerged during the 2020-21 season and became dominant in the Netherlands, France, Togo, South Africa, and Kenya in 2021-22, eventually replacing the original clade 6B.1A.5a.1 in the 2022-23 season. Three reassortment patterns were observed, in which clade 6B.1A.5a.1 reassorted with clades 6B.1A.5a and 6B.1A.5a.2. These patterns shed light on the ongoing evolution of influenza viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying impacts of contact tracing on HIV epidemiological inference from phylogenetic data.","authors":"Michael D Kupperman, Ruian Ke, Thomas Leitner","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ve/veaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robust sampling methods are foundational to inferences using phylogenies. Yet the impact of using contact tracing, a type of non-uniform sampling used in public health applications such as infectious disease outbreak investigations, has not been investigated in the molecular epidemiology field. To understand how contact tracing influences a recovered phylogeny, we developed a new simulation tool called SEEPS (Sequence Evolution and Epidemiological Process Simulator) that allows for the simulation of contact tracing and the resulting transmission tree, pathogen phylogeny, and corresponding virus genetic sequences. Importantly, SEEPS takes within-host evolution into account when generating pathogen phylogenies and sequences from transmission histories. Using SEEPS, we demonstrate that contact tracing can significantly impact the structure of the resulting tree, as described by popular tree statistics. Contact tracing generates phylogenies that are less balanced than the underlying transmission process, less representative of the larger epidemiological process, and affects the internal/external branch length ratios that characterize specific epidemiological scenarios. We also examined real data from a 2007-2008 Swedish HIV-1 outbreak and the broader 1998-2010 European HIV-1 epidemic to highlight the differences in contact tracing and expected phylogenies. Aided by SEEPS, we show that the data collection of the Swedish outbreak was strongly influenced by contact tracing even after downsampling, while the broader European Union epidemic showed little evidence of universal contact tracing, agreeing with the known epidemiological information about sampling and spread. Overall, our results highlight the importance of including possible non-uniform sampling schemes when examining phylogenetic trees. For that, SEEPS serves as a useful tool to evaluate such impacts, thereby facilitating better phylogenetic inferences of the characteristics of a disease outbreak. SEEPS is available at https://github.com/MolEvolEpid/SEEPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid glycoprotein evolution enables variant interactions in herpes simplex virus type 1.","authors":"Thomas Höfler, Michaela Zeitlow, Ji Y Kim, Emanuel Wyler, Jakob Trimpert","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ve/veaf072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycoproteins cover the surface of enveloped viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Whilst essential for cellular attachment and entry, they also are excellent targets for host immune responses. This dichotomy culminates in an evolutionary struggle in which receptor recognition and immune escape are intricately balanced. Herpesviruses feature a variety of different glycoproteins with diverse molecular functions. Here, we describe the rapid evolution of HSV-1 towards syncytial plaque phenotypes in Vero cell culture, as well as anti-gD antibody resistance in human foreskin fibroblast cells. Using a mild hypermutator virus to accelerate experimental evolution, we identified multiple genetic variants leading to syncytial plaques. Strikingly, these variants differentially affect interactions within viral populations. Whilst gK mutants engage in collective syncytia formation upon entry, accelerate superinfection exclusion and maintain fitness advantages at high multiplicities of infection, gB and gD mutants do not. Furthermore, we find gE mutants which lead to mouse anti-gD antibody resistance and cross protect wt virus in mixed populations. Our findings suggest complex social interactions within herpesvirus populations and illustrate the evolutionary plasticity and diverse function of their glycoproteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear trafficking of <i>Anelloviridae</i> capsid protein ORF1 reflects modular evolution of subcellular targeting signals.","authors":"Gayle F Petersen, Silvia Pavan, Daryl Ariawan, Ole Tietz, Sepehr Nematollahzadeh, Subir Sarker, Jade K Forwood, Gualtiero Alvisi","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ve/veaf069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Anelloviridae</i> members are ubiquitous viruses with a small, negative sense, single-stranded DNA genome which is replicated by host cell DNA polymerases. Anelloviruses are postulated to interact with the host cell nuclear transport machinery, however, the lack of reliable cell culture models strongly limits our knowledge regarding <i>Anelloviridae</i>-host interactions. In particular, capsid nuclear import is a largely uncharacterized process. We addressed this by investigating the relationship between host cell nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) and ORF1, the putative capsid protein from torque teno douroucouli virus (TTDoV). We identified the subcellular targeting signals and NTRs responsible for its nucleolar and nuclear localization, and characterized their relative contribution to ORF1 subcellular localization. In the absence of other viral proteins, ORF1 accumulated in the nucleoli. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a putative classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS) within the highly conserved N-terminal arginine rich motif (ARM) ('NLSn', 27-RRWRRRPRRRRRPYRRRPYRRYGRRRKVRRR-57), and an additional C-terminal cNLS ('NLSc', 632-LPPPEKRARWGF-643), which has been specifically acquired by <i>Anelloviridae</i> capsids with larger projection domains. Such NLSs play distinct roles in ORF1 subcellular localization by interacting with specific NTRs. NLSn, a non-classical NLS, features broad importin (IMP) binding affinity yet plays a minor role in nuclear import, being responsible for nucleolar targeting likely through interaction with nucleolar components. NLSc, a <i>bona fide</i> cNLS, specifically interacts with IMPα and is the main driver of active nuclear transport in an IMPα/β1-dependent fashion. These findings suggest an evolutionary correlation between the acquisition of progressively larger projection domains and the presence of additional cNLSs in <i>Anelloviridae</i> capsids, aimed at maximizing IMPα/β1-mediated nuclear import.</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic evolution of swine vesicular disease viruses circulating in Italy from 1992 to the eradication in 2015 and emergence of a recent recombinant strain.","authors":"Arianna Bregoli, Dennis Benedetti, Mattia Calzolari, Roberto Benevenia, Antonello Di Nardo, Anna Castelli, Manuel Corsa, Santina Grazioli, Chiara Chiapponi, Emiliana Brocchi, Giulia Pezzoni","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ve/veaf066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) was considered endemic in Italy until 2015, when eradication was achieved. From 1992, when the most recent antigenic-genomic variant of SVDV was identified, to 2015, ~685 SVD outbreaks occurred. In order to understand the evolutionary drivers of SVDV in Italy, 152 viral strains were selected and whole-genome sequencing was performed. Comparison of the polyprotein coding region revealed a minimum pairwise identity of 85% and 98% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, consistent with the antigenic homogeneity of the analysed strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of two sublineages: sublineage 1, which evolved and circulated specifically in Italy since 1995, and sublineage 2, which also includes strains circulating in both Spain and Portugal in 1993 and in Portugal during 2003. Recombination analysis revealed a breakpoint site within the 2B coding region, resulting in a recombination strain originating from viruses belonging to the two sublineages, which was dated to the beginning of 2008. This single recombination event gave rise to at least 20 recombinant strains, which circulated together with their parental strains until 2010 and from then on circulated on their own until eradication in 2015. Our data showed that, apart from the recombination event, SVDV, which has been present on Italian territory for >20 years, has not been subject to positive selective pressures that would have conferred a possible evolutionary advantage.</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant biosecurity threats detected using metatranscriptomic sequencing of animal gut contents.","authors":"Jackie E Mahar, Jonathon C O Mifsud, Kate Van Brussel, Anna E Lachenauer, Erin Harvey, Olivia M H Turnbull, Stefanie Bonat, Thomas M Newsome, Annabelle Olsson, Antje Chiu-Werner, Menna E Jones, Edward C Holmes, Solomon Maina","doi":"10.1093/ve/veaf067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ve/veaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) and related viruses of the genus <i>Tobamovirus</i> (family <i>Virgaviridae</i>) are cruciferous plant pathogens that represent a threat to global horticultural systems. In Australia, they are considered exotic biosecurity threats, and an incursion of these viruses would require rapid and strict control efforts. However, current surveillance methods for these viruses are limited. We examined whether RMV and related tobamoviruses could be detected through the analysis of mammalian gut metatranscriptomes. Accordingly, we identified five different tobamoviruses in one or more gut metatranscriptomes of the Eastern grey kangaroo, fallow deer, domestic dog, spotted-tailed quoll, feral cat, and the Tasmanian devil. One of the tobamoviruses was also detected in a tick metatranscriptome. The five tobamoviruses detected were: (i) RMV, (ii) a novel relative of RMV, (iii and iv) two highly diverse novel tobamoviruses, and (v) the plant pathogen tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) already known to be present in Australia. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis provided information on their origin and spread through Australia. RMV was detected at multiple sites in both the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Tasmania, two regions separated by ~700 km of land and 200 km of water. The novel relative of RMV was detected in the ACT and New South Wales (NSW), the highly divergent novel tobamoviruses were each detected in a single state (NSW and Queensland, QLD), while TMGMV was detected in QLD. This work highlights the potential utility of metatranscriptomic sequencing of wild animal gut samples for the surveillance of biosecurity threats to native and agricultural plant species and for studying their evolution in new environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":56026,"journal":{"name":"Virus Evolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"veaf067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}