{"title":"Timer-Based Coverage Control for Mobile Sensors","authors":"Federico M. Zegers;Sean Phillips;Gregory P. Hicks","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526717","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the coverage control problem over a static, compact, and convex workspace and develops a hybrid extension of the continuous-time Lloyd algorithm. Each agent in a multiagent system (MAS) is equipped with a timer mechanism that generates intermittent measurement and control update events, which may occur asynchronously between agents. Between consecutive event times, as determined by the corresponding timer mechanism, the controller of each agent is held constant. These controllers are shown to drive the configuration of the MAS into a neighborhood of the set of centroidal Voronoi configurations, i.e., the minimizers of the standard locational cost. The combination of continuous-time dynamics with intermittently updated control inputs is modeled as a hybrid system. The coverage objective is posed as a set attractivity problem for hybrid systems, where an invariance-based convergence analysis yields sufficient conditions that ensure maximal solutions of the hybrid system asymptotically converge to a desired set. A brief simulation example is included to showcase the result.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1600-1612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayu Zou;Hai-Tao Zhang;Chao Zhai;Ning Xing;Yong Ma;Xingjian Liu
{"title":"Cooperative Hierarchical Coverage Control of Multiagent Systems With Nonholonomic Constraints in Poriferous Environments","authors":"Jiayu Zou;Hai-Tao Zhang;Chao Zhai;Ning Xing;Yong Ma;Xingjian Liu","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526566","url":null,"abstract":"It has long posed a challenging task to optimally deploy multiagent systems (MASs) to cooperatively coverage poriferous environments in real cooperative detection applications. In response to this challenge, this article proposes a hierarchical coverage control (HCC) protocol for MASs to perform sector-based coverage operations. First, a distributed Voronoi partition-based sweep-and-assign protocol, combined with a sectorial partition method, is developed, enabling the segmentation of a whole poriferous region into multiple sectorial sub-subregions. Following this procedure, an extreme search scheme is developed to determine the optimal amount of agents for each subregion. After this allocation, a distributed controller is proposed to deploy the agents, considering nonholonomic constraints, into designated niche positions. In addition, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the asymptotical stability of the present HCC. The analytical challenge of the present study stems from the nonconvex characteristics inherent in the loss function induced by porous environments. This nonconvexity renders the task of globally optimizing the assignment of MASs intractable. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the present coverage control approach.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1512-1520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed Time-Varying Constrained Convex Optimization: Finite-Time/Fixed-Time Convergence","authors":"Ge Guo;Zeng-Di Zhou;Renyongkang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526324","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates a distributed time-varying optimization problem with inequality constraints, aiming to find finite-time and fixed-time convergent solutions free from initialization. A nonsmooth optimization algorithm for state consensus achieving within a finite or fixed time is presented by designing a projection-based log-barrier penalty cost function to meet the constraints and introducing integral sliding mode subsystems to guarantee zero-gradient-sum. With the use of the projection idea, the penalized functions are always well defined (i.e., satisfying the logarithmic definition) for any system states, which avoids initializing of certain parameters. An adaptive gain scheme without any extra global information is presented. The time-varying zero-gradient-sum method here is feasible for cost functions with nonidentical Hessian matrixes, and applicable to finite-time or fixed-time optimal consensus tracking. The effectiveness and superiority of our algorithms are verified with numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1500-1511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of Multiagent Networks With Misbehaving Nodes Over Directed Graph Topologies","authors":"Emre Yildirim;Tansel Yucelen","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526569","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we study multiagent networks over directed graph topologies involving nodes subject to exogenous disturbances (i.e., misbehaving nodes) and nodes that receive feedback control signals (i.e., driver nodes) for the purpose of suppressing the adverse effects of misbehaving nodes. The number of driver nodes can be less than the total number of nodes in the multiagent network. Specifically, we propose proportional–integral feedback controllers to be executed by driver nodes. These controllers guarantee the stability of the overall multiagent network in the sense of input-to-state stability (i.e., they make the resulting closed-loop system matrix Hurwitz). Furthermore, we utilize a graph-theoretical approach that allows users to find the steady-state values of critical nodes without requiring the knowledge of the Laplacian matrix of the overall multiagent network. The results presented in this article pave the way for understanding how driver nodes need to be selected to suppress the effect of misbehaving nodes on the neighborhood of critical nodes, which is further illustrated through illustrative numerical examples.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1521-1530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Online and Offline Dynamic Influence Maximization Games Over Social Networks","authors":"Melih Bastopcu;S. Rasoul Etesami;Tamer Başar","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526327","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we consider dynamic influence maximization games over social networks with multiple players (influencers). At the beginning of each campaign opportunity, individuals' opinion dynamics take independent and identically distributed realizations based on an arbitrary distribution. Upon observing the realizations, influencers allocate some of their budgets to affect their opinion dynamics. Then, individuals' opinion dynamics evolve according to the well-known DeGroot model. In the end, influencers collect their reward based on the final opinion dynamics. Each influencer's goal is to maximize their own reward subject to their limited total budget rate constraints, leading to a dynamic game problem. We first consider the <italic>offline</i> and <italic>online</i> versions of a single influencer's optimization problem where the opinion dynamics and campaign durations are either known or not known a priori. Then, we consider the game formulation with multiple influencers in offline and online settings. For the offline setting, we show that the dynamic game admits a unique Nash equilibrium policy and provide a method to compute it. For the online setting and with two influencers, we show that if each influencer applies the same no-regret online algorithm proposed for the single-influencer maximization problem, they converge to the set of <inline-formula><tex-math>$epsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula>-Nash equilibrium policies where <inline-formula><tex-math>$epsilon =mathcal {O}(1/sqrt{K})$</tex-math></inline-formula> scales in average inversely with the number of campaign times <inline-formula><tex-math>$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> considering the influencers' average utilities. Moreover, we extend this result to any finite number of influencers under more strict requirements on the information structure.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1440-1453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Interval-Appointed Looped-Functional Approach for Switching Event-Triggered Systems With Input Saturation and Its Application to Memory-Based Event-Triggered Control","authors":"Zhen Wang;Yanyan Ni;Yingjie Fan;Jianwei Xia","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526339","url":null,"abstract":"This article first presents an interval-appointed looped-functional approach for the stability of switching event-triggered (SET) control systems with input saturation. In order to improve the resource utilization of the networked control system while maintaining satisfactory system performance, a memory term and a dynamic triggering threshold are introduced into the existing SET scheme. Thus, a dynamic memory-based SET (DMSET) scheme is newly designed. To analyze the stability of the controlled system, a useful lemma is established in which an interval-appointed looped-functional is constructed, and a combined Lyapunov method is developed accordingly to derive a relaxed stability criterion. This method contributes to discarding the positive definiteness of certain Lyapunov matrices in the interval-appointed looped-functional and lays a groundwork for the stability analysis of other SET-based saturated control systems. As an application, an LMI-based less conservative stability criterion for DMSET control systems is then derived. Two optimization algorithms are given to maximize the estimates of the region of attraction and the permissible length of the sampling period, respectively. In the end, the advantages of the interval-appointed looped-functional approach and the DMSET scheme are demonstrated by two illustrative examples.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1478-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability of Networked Evolutionary Games With Randomly Mixed Two-Level Reasoning","authors":"Jiahao Li;Yong Ding;Yuqian Guo;Weihua Gui","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526328","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the stability of finite networked evolutionary games (NEGs) considering randomly available second-order neighbors' information. A new strategy update rule (SUR) with randomly mixed two-level reasoning is proposed. The idea behind two-level reasoning is that each player predicts his/her neighbors' strategies based on the second-order neighbors' information if available, and then updates his/her own strategy accordingly. Since this information is only available randomly, the induced SUR is a mixed SUR based on one-level and two-level reasoning. The algebraic form of the profile dynamical system is derived, and the profile's transition probability matrix is calculated. Based on these, necessary and sufficient conditions for a Nash equilibrium (NE) stability are proposed. In addition, it is proved that under mild probability conditions, if an NE of an NEG with one-level reasoning is stable, then it is also stable for the NEG with the induced randomly mixed two-level reasoning. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the proposed results.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1466-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lag Synchronization and Lag $mathcal {H}_{infty }$ Synchronization for Multiweighted Coupled Reaction–Diffusion Neural Networks Suffering Topology Attacks","authors":"Jin-Liang Wang;Xin-Yu Zhao;Shun-Yan Ren;Tingwen Huang","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526322","url":null,"abstract":"This article mainly discusses two kinds of coupled reaction–diffusion neural networks (CRNN) under topology attacks, that is, the cases with multistate couplings and multiple spatial-diffusion couplings. On the one hand, by adopting a state feedback control scheme, the problem of the lag synchronization for the multistate-coupled CRNN is addressed. Moreover, the influences of external disturbances on the lag synchronization of the CRNN with multistate couplings are also taken into consideration. On the other hand, several lag synchronization and lag <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathcal {H}_{infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> synchronization conditions for CRNN with multiple spatial-diffusion couplings are derived with the help of the Kronecker product and the state feedback control method. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to verify the correctness of the derived criteria.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1488-1499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Modified Distributed Gradient Dynamics for Multiagent Optimization on Directed Networks","authors":"Mohammad Jahvani;Martin Guay","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3526343","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the distributed convex optimization problem over directed multiagent networks. We introduce a continuous-time coordination algorithm to solve unconstrained optimization problems with additive structure. The proposed algorithm can be interpreted as a modified version of the distributed subgradient method, enhanced with an augmented scalar state variable. Each agent is assumed to know its out-degree. Unlike existing methods that rely on a perturbed version of the push-sum algorithm, the proposed algorithm does not require any specific initialization. As a result, it is capable of handling strongly connected networks with sporadically varying sizes. We show that the proposed network flow is guaranteed to converge to the global minimizer of a sum of convex functions, provided that the local objective functions are strongly convex and have Lipschitz-continuous gradients. In addition, by considering a class of admissible time-varying gains/step-sizes, our analysis substantiates an explicit sublinear rate of convergence for the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1454-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep and Decentralized Multiagent Coverage of a Target With Unknown Distribution","authors":"Hossein Rastgoftar","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2025.3525802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2025.3525802","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a new architecture for multiagent systems to cover an unknown distributed target quickly and safely and in a decentralized manner. The interagent communication is organized by a directed graph with a fixed topology. The author models agent coordination as a decentralized leader–follower problem with time-varying communication weights. Given this problem setting, the author first presents a method for converting the communication graph into a neural network, where an agent can be represented by a unique node of the communication graph but multiple neurons of the corresponding neural network. The author then applies a mass-centric strategy to train time-varying communication weights of the neural network in a decentralized fashion. This implies that the observation zone of every follower agent is independently assigned by the follower based on positions of its in-neighbors. By training the neural network, the author can ensure safe and decentralized multiagent coverage control. Despite the target is unknown to the agent team, the author provides a proof for convergence of the proposed multiagent coverage method. The functionality of the proposed method is validated by a large-scale multicopter team covering distributed targets on the ground.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"12 2","pages":"1393-1405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}