{"title":"Structural Controllability of Multiplex Networks With the Minimum Number of Driver Nodes","authors":"Xiang Li;Guoqi Li;Leitao Gao;Lock Yue Chew;Gaoxi Xiao","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372712","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372712","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we focus on the problem of structural controllability of multiplex networks. By proposing a graph-theoretic framework, we address the problem of identifying the minimum set of driver nodes to ensure the structural controllability of multiplex networks, where the driver nodes can only be located in a single layer. We rigorously prove that the problem is essentially a minimum-cost flow problem and devise an algorithm termed “minimum-cost flow-based driver-node identification,” which can achieve the optimal solution with polynomial time complexity. Extensive simulations on synthetic and real-life multiplex networks demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"2088-2100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed Algorithm for Constrained Social Cost Minimization Problem of Heterogeneous Linear Multiagent Systems Against DoS Attacks","authors":"Xiaohong Nian;Fan Li;Dongxin Liu","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372889","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372889","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we study the constrained social cost minimization problem for heterogeneous linear multiagent systems with partial information under malicious denial-of-service (DoS) attacks for the first time. Therein, the local cost function of each agent may depend on the decision variables of all participants, and the local decision variables are constrained by the coupled constraints. Based on the output regulation technique, we design a novel distributed attack-resilient algorithm that requires only local decision and cost function information. The proposed algorithm consists of the distributed coordinators to generate the desired outputs and the reference-tracking controllers to follow the desired outputs. By means of the hybrid system method and Lyapunov stability theory, we demonstrate that with the algorithm, the outputs of agents can converge to the optimal solution when the DoS attack satisfies certain conditions. Finally, the validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulating a numerical example.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"2101-2113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed Nonconvex Optimization: Gradient-Free Iterations and $epsilon$-Globally Optimal Solution","authors":"Zhiyu He;Jianping He;Cailian Chen;Xinping Guan","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395723","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395723","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed optimization utilizes local computation and communication to realize a global aim of optimizing the sum of local objective functions. This article addresses a class of constrained distributed nonconvex optimization problems involving univariate objectives, aiming to achieve global optimization without requiring local evaluations of gradients at every iteration. We propose a novel algorithm named Chebyshev-proxy-and-consensus-based algorithm, exploiting the notion of combining Chebyshev polynomial approximation, average consensus, and polynomial optimization. The proposed algorithm is able to obtain <inline-formula><tex-math>$epsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula>-globally optimal solutions for any arbitrarily small given accuracy <inline-formula><tex-math>$epsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula>, efficient in both zeroth-order queries (i.e., evaluations of function values) and interagent communication, and distributed terminable when the specified precision requirement is met. The key insight is to use polynomial approximations to substitute for general local objectives, distribute these approximations via average consensus, and solve an easier approximate version of the original problem. Due to the nice analytic properties of polynomials, this approximation not only facilitates efficient global optimization, but also allows the design of gradient-free iterations to reduce cumulative costs of queries and achieve geometric convergence for solving nonconvex problems. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the accuracy and complexities of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"2239-2251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leaderless Consensus Control of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Multiagent Systems With Measurement Sensitivity and Actuator Attacks","authors":"Yang Liu;Xiangpeng Xie;Mohammed Chadli;Jiayue Sun","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395721","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395721","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we investigate the leaderless consensus control for fractional-order multiagent systems (FOMASs), in which the sensors are subject to unknown measurement sensitivity and the actuators are subject to deception attacks, respectively. Due to the special nature of fractional calculus operations, the control design for FOMASs with the unknown sensitivity and attacks is more challenging. In order to solve these difficulties, some auxiliary variables are constructed deliberately with which the distributed adaptive control scheme is proposed. Meanwhile, we design a fractional-order filter to avoid the problem of “complexity explosion.” Compared with the existing filters, the proposed filter can confirm that the filter errors are asymptotically convergent and the unknown upper bound of fractional-order derivatives of virtual control signals is estimated effectively. From the rigorous theoretical analysis, it is proved that under the proposed adaptive control, the asymptotic consensus can be achieved in the presence of the sensors with unknown measurement sensitivity and actuator attacks. Finally, two examples are applied to verify the feasibility of the presented control scheme.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"2252-2262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed No-Regret Learning in Aggregative Games With Residual Bandit Feedback","authors":"Wenting Liu;Peng Yi","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395849","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395849","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates distributed no-regret learning in repeated aggregative games with bandit feedback. The players lack an explicit model of the game and can only learn their actions based on the sole available feedback of payoff values. In addition, they cannot directly access the aggregate term that contains global information, while each player shares information with its neighbors without revealing its own strategy. We present a novel no-regret learning algorithm named distributed online gradient descent with residual bandit. In the algorithm, each player maintains a local estimate of the aggregate and adaptively adjusts its next action through the residual bandit mechanism and the online gradient descent method. We first provide regret analysis for aggregative games where the player-specific problem is convex, showing crucial associations between the regret bound, network connectivity, and game structure. Then, we prove that when the game is also strictly monotone, the action sequence generated by the algorithm converges to the Nash equilibrium almost surely. Finally, we demonstrate the algorithm performance through numerical simulations on the Cournot game.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"1734-1745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed Consensus Algorithm for Decision-Making in Multiagent Multiarmed Bandit","authors":"Xiaotong Cheng;Setareh Maghsudi","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395850","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395850","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we study a structured multiagent multiarmed bandit (MAMAB) problem in a dynamic environment. A graph reflects the information-sharing structure among agents, and the arms' reward distributions are piecewise-stationary with several unknown change points. The agents face the identical piecewise-stationary MAB problem. The goal is to develop a decision-making policy for the agents that minimizes the regret, which is the expected total loss of not playing the optimal arm at each time step. Our proposed solution, restarted Bayesian online change point detection in cooperative upper confidence bound (RBO-Coop-UCB) algorithm, involves an efficient multiagent UCB algorithm as its core enhanced with a Bayesian change point detector. We also develop a simple restart decision cooperation that improves decision-making. Theoretically, we establish that the expected group regret of RBO-Coop-UCB is upper bounded by <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathcal {O}(KNMlog T + Ksqrt{MTlog T})$</tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><tex-math>$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of agents, <inline-formula><tex-math>$M$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of arms, and <inline-formula><tex-math>$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of time steps. Numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"2187-2199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuping Wang;Sheng Gao;Hao Zhang;Huaicheng Yan;Tenghui Li
{"title":"Optimal DoS Attack Strategy for Cyber-Physical Systems via Energy Allocation","authors":"Zhuping Wang;Sheng Gao;Hao Zhang;Huaicheng Yan;Tenghui Li","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372134","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372134","url":null,"abstract":"The energy allocation problem of malicious denial-of-service (DoS) attacks for state estimation in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is investigated in this article. An optimal energy allocation strategy for DoS attacks in CPSs under multisensor network fusion estimation is proposed. To describe the channel packet loss characteristic, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio model is introduced. Compared with the existing DoS attack strategies, the increase in channel packet loss rate with the increase in energy injected by the attacker is considered. Meanwhile, the behavioral tendency of the attacker concerning the sensors with different parameters is taken into account, leveraging the additional sensing accuracy matrix. Moreover, the quantified relationship between the attacker and the remote estimator error covariance is derived, and the optimal energy allocation strategy problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem to be solved. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"2022-2032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yet Another Self-Stabilizing Minimum Vertex Cover of a Network With Stochastic Stability","authors":"Jie Chen;Rongpei Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395725","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3395725","url":null,"abstract":"The vertex covering of a network is one of the well-known combinatorial optimization problems, and the focal point in the perspective of autonomous intelligent systems is to achieve the optimal covering solutions with distributed local information by the nodes (individual systems) themselves. In this article, we utilize a potential game for the vertex cover problem, whose solutions to the minimum value of its global objective function are the minimum vertex covering states of a network, and newly propose a self-stabilizing-parallel-game-based (SPG) distributed algorithm for each vertex (player) to learn (update) its strategy parallelly with the local information. Under the proposed SPG algorithm, we prove that only the solutions to the minimum value of the potential game's global objective function are stochastically stable, and the covering strategies of all the players will converge with probability one to a stochastically stable state, which is beyond the general Nash equilibrium of vertex covering games in the literature. Furthermore, we estimate the convergence rate of the proposed SPG algorithm, and extensive samples with numerical examples verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed SPG algorithm on a variety of representative complex networks with different scales and standard benchmarks.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"2226-2238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalized Nash Equilibrium Seeking for Directed Nonsmooth Multicluster Games via a Distributed Lipschitz Algorithm","authors":"Yue Wei;Xianlin Zeng;Hao Fang;Yulong Ding;Shuxin Ding","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372140","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372140","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates a generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) seeking strategy for a class of nonsmooth multicluster games. Each cluster consists of several players. The intercluster graph is directed and weight-unbalanced. Moreover, in contrast to previous works of multicluster games, coupled nonsmooth inequality constraints, resource allocation constraints, and nonsmooth payoff functions are considered simultaneously in these multicluster games. For seeking the GNE of these games, a distributed Lipschitz algorithm with the proximal-splitting scheme is proposed. Then, convergence analysis of this designed algorithm is deduced based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the convex optimization theory. Finally, some simulation results are provided in this article, which show the efficacy of the distributed GNE seeking algorithm.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"2033-2042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Safe Pricing Mechanisms for Distributed Resource Allocation With Bandit Feedback","authors":"Spencer Hutchinson;Berkay Turan;Mahnoosh Alizadeh","doi":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372143","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCNS.2024.3372143","url":null,"abstract":"In societal-scale infrastructures, such as electric grids or transportation networks, pricing mechanisms are often used as a way to shape users' demand in order to lower operating costs and improve reliability. Existing approaches to pricing design for safety-critical networks often require that users are queried beforehand to negotiate prices, which has proven to be challenging to implement in the real world. To offer a more practical alternative, we develop learning-based pricing mechanisms that require no input from the users. These pricing mechanisms aim to maximize the utility of the users' consumption by gradually estimating the users' price response over a span of <inline-formula><tex-math>$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> time steps (e.g., days) while ensuring that the infrastructure network's safety constraints that limit the users' demand are satisfied at all time steps. We propose two different algorithms for the two different scenarios when: the utility function is chosen by the central coordinator to achieve a social objective, and the utility function is defined by the price response under the assumption that the users are self-interested agents. We prove that both algorithms enjoy <inline-formula><tex-math>$tilde{mathcal {O}} (T^{2/3})$</tex-math></inline-formula> regret with high probability. We then apply these algorithms to demand response pricing for the smart grid and numerically demonstrate their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":56023,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","volume":"11 4","pages":"2010-2021"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}