Global Heart最新文献

{"title":"Calcium Channel Blockers: Key Medicine to Drive Global Hypertension Control.","authors":"Andrew E Moran, Swagata Kumar Sahoo, Bolanle Banigbe, Sohel Reza Choudhury, Prabhdeep Kaur, Renu Garg","doi":"10.5334/gh.1443","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections.","authors":"Jubaida Akhtar, Mohammad A Al-Mamun, Mohammad N-N Sayem, Mohammad J Ahmed, Mahfuzur R Bhuiyan, Shamim Jubayer, Mohammad R Amin, R Karim, Megan E Henry, Matti Marklund, Laura Cobb, Dinesh Neupane, Lawrence J Appel, Sohel R Choudhury","doi":"10.5334/gh.1447","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The high burden of blood pressure-related cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh is potentially caused by excessive dietary sodium and insufficient potassium intake. Our objective is to estimate dietary salt and potassium intake among Bangladesh rural and urban adults from urinary excretion of sodium and potassium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study between December 2017 and June 2018, including participants aged 30-59 years from three urban and three rural sites in Bangladesh. Data included urinary excretion of sodium and potassium estimated from one 24-hr urine collection and blood pressure measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 840 enrolled participants, complete data was available in 509 individuals. Mean age was 43.0 (SD ±7.9) years; 20.9% had hypertension, 50.9% were women, and 50.9% resided in urban areas. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 118.6 (SD ± 16.6) mmHg and 76.3 (SD ± 11.3) mmHg, respectively. Overall, the mean urinary sodium excretion was 3.9 g/day (95% CI = 3.8 to 4.0), corresponding to a mean salt intake of 9.7 g/day (95% CI = 9.4-10.1). Mean urinary potassium excretion was 1.4 g/day (95% CI = 1.3-1.4), corresponding to an estimated mean dietary potassium intake of 2.0 g/day. Men and urban residents had slightly but non-significantly higher sodium and potassium excretion than women and rural residents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Bangladesh, salt intake exceeded WHO's recommended <5g/day limit, while potassium intake was substantially lower than the recommended intake of ≥ 3.5g/day for adults. Promoting low-sodium and potassium-rich diets through nationwide campaigns and policies, including advocating for accessible low-sodium and potassium-enriched salt substitutes, is recommended to mitigate cardiovascular disease risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Pressure Control and Anthropometric Differences in Afro-Descendants and Other Ethnic Groups in Hypertensive Brazilian Populations.","authors":"Maicon Borges Euzébio, Priscila Valverde de Oliveira Vitorino, Andréa Araújo Brandão, Eduardo Costa Duarte Barbosa, Audes Diógenes M Feitosa, Marcus Vinícius Bolivar Malachias, Marco Mota Gomes, Celso Amodeo, Rui Manoel Dos Santos Póvoa, Renato Delascio Lopes, Paulo César Brandão Veiga Jardim, Ana Luiza Lima Sousa, Ana Carolina Arantes, Antonio Coca, Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso","doi":"10.5334/gh.1448","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of hypertension (HT) and blood pressure (BP) control varies among ethnic-racial groups, but studies on this issue and correlations between BP and body mass index (BMI) in the black Brazilian population are scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study in individuals included in the First Brazilian Hypertension Registry. Relationships between variables were analysed by a binary logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study evaluated 2.191 (82.9%) non-Afro-descendant participants and 452 (17.1%) Afro-descendants. The median age was 61.9 years (55.3% women), the BMI was 28.4 kg/m² and the waist circumference (WC) was 93 cm in the former cohort. In the Afro-descendant group, the median age was 62.5 years (57.5% women), the was BMI 29.8 kg/m² and the was WC 98 cm. A significant correlation was identified between BMI and office diastolic BP (DBP) (<i>R</i> = 0.126; <i>p</i> = 0.007) in Afro-descendants. These individuals had 1.40 times the chance of being obese compared to those of other ethnicities (95% CI: 1.14-1.72; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Afro-descendant men had 0.78 times fewer chance of being obese compared to women (95% CI: 0.66-0.90; <i>p</i> = 0.002), and 1.49 times higher chance (95% CI = 1.21-1.82; <i>p</i> < 0.001) of having uncontrolled BP, with no differences with Afro-descendant women (HR 0.91; 95% CI = 0.78-1.07; <i>p</i> < 0.258).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No correlations were found between office BP, BMI and WC, except for a very weak correlation between DBP and BMI in the Brazilian Afro-descendants, although they were 1.40 times more likely to be obese. In contrast, a significant correlation between SBP and BMI was observed in the non-Afro-descendants. Differences in blood pressure control were not identified between the sexes within each group, but only between ethnic groups, with people of African descent having a 1.49 times greater risk of uncontrolled hypertension compared to non-Afro-descendants.</p>","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Available Cardiovascular Disease Knowledge Tools: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Michael A Fajardo, Cassia Yung, Samuel Cornell, Rajesh Puranik, Anna L Hawkes, Shiva Raj Mishra, Jenny Doust, Carissa Bonner","doi":"10.5334/gh.1446","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Most people can reduce their CVD risk through lifestyle improvements and medication. Having low health literacy is a barrier to CVD prevention and management and is associated with worse health outcomes. Knowledge is a key component of health literacy, but there is no standard way for clinicians to assess this to tailor education about CVD. The aim of this review was to identify available CVD knowledge tests and evaluate their quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic database searches were conducted using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PsycTESTS between inception and October 2022. Identified tools were assessed using the Psychometric Grading Framework (PGF) to assess the quality of included tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 28 studies were identified, of which 18 were original test development papers and 10 were language translation papers. The five most common domains were CVD risk factors, nutrition, heart physiology, physical activity, and treatment options. Three papers achieved an A grading on the PGF. Only one test provided a guide to classify patients based on the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review identified 15 additional knowledge assessment tools compared to previous research, including some available in multiple languages. Clinicians can access a wide range of CVD knowledge assessment tools to understand and respond to patient knowledge levels, but some are higher quality than others. Alternative tools may be needed to assess specific risk factor and condition knowledge. Further work is needed to tailor CVD knowledge tests for populations lower health literacy, and to validate the tests against health outcomes to improve clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Prospero: </strong>CRD42022370227.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>Having low health literacy is associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes.Knowledge is a key component of health literacy, but there is no standard way to assess this for CVD.An assessment of the quality and reliability of CVD knowledge tests could support clinicians to tailor patient education to health literacy needs.</p><p><strong>What the study adds: </strong>We identified 15 additional tests development papers that were not captured in earlier reviews of CVD knowledge tests.There are multiple high quality CVD knowledge tests available to clinicians, and tests available in different languages.These tests may be used to tailor patient education to individual health literacy needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Causal Link Between Autoimmune Diseases and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Chao Ma, Cheng Gong, Bin Wang, Yangmeina Li, Yongxiang Qian, Xiaoying Zhang, Dongmei Di, Min Wang","doi":"10.5334/gh.1445","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe vascular disorder with a multifactorial etiology, including potential genetic predispositions. Understanding the causal relationship between autoimmune diseases and the risk of developing PAH can inform clinical strategies for prevention and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal effect of genetic predisposition to five autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], rheumatoid arthritis [RA], inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], multiple sclerosis [MS], and type 1 diabetes [T1D]) on the risk of PAH. This involved employing various MR methods (IVW, MR-Egger, Weighted median, Simple mode, and Weighted mode), as well as conducting tests for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed a significant association between genetic predisposition to RA and IBD with an increased risk of PAH (RA: OR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.01-1.61], p = 0.042; IBD: OR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.01-1.64], p = 0.043). However, no association was observed between genetically determined MS, SLE, and T1D with the risk of PAH (MS: p = 0.876; SLE: p = 0.564; T1D: p = 0.061). Additionally, tests for heterogeneity and pleiotropy provided no evidence of their influence, suggesting the robustness of these associations. Reverse MR analysis also indicated no significant effect of PAH on the genetic susceptibility to these autoimmune diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest a possible genetic causative link between RA and IBD and the risk of developing PAH. Conversely, genetic predisposition to MS, SLE, and T1D does not appear to influence PAH risk. Understanding these relationships may offer insights into the pathophysiology of PAH and inform screening strategies within at-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Causal Links Between Immune Cells, Lipids, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Insights from Mendelian Randomization.","authors":"Fengwei He, Tian Yang, Wentao Zhang, Ming Liu, Hao Wu","doi":"10.5334/gh.1444","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation (AF), and ischemic stroke (IS), are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immune cells play crucial roles in CVD, but causal links between immune cell subtypes and CVD risk remain unclear. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Exposure data were analyzed with a P < 1 × 10^-5 threshold, excluding linkage disequilibrium SNPs. MR of 731 immune cell types used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, with pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests. Lipid profiles (HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides) were assessed as mediators.Increased CD27 on unswitched memory B cells, CD28^- DN T cells, and CX3CR1 on CD14^- CD16⁺ monocytes raised CVD risk, while CD28 on Tregs and HLA DR⁺⁺ monocytes were protective. For CAD, CD24⁺ CD27⁺ %B cells and SSC-A on HLA DR⁺ NK cells were protective, with certain T cells increasing risk. Similar trends were observed for MI, AF, and IS. Reverse MR showed no CVD effects on these positive immune traits. Lipid profiles mediated CVD risk, with HDL protective and LDL, VLDL, and triglycerides increasing risk. Mediation analyses showed LDL and triglycerides partially mediated CX3CR1-monocyte effects on MI risk. Functional enrichment identified cytokine signaling and inflammation in CVD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight immune cell subtypes and lipid traits in CVD risk. Regulatory T cells and protective phenotypes are therapeutic targets, while LDL and triglycerides mediate immune-disease pathways, emphasizing immune-lipid interactions for targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Profile and In-Hospital Outcomes of Decompensated Heart Failure in a Semi-Rural Setting in Cameroon: The Buea Heart Study.","authors":"Clovis Nkoke, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Siddikatou Djibrilla, Ali Abas, Ahmadou Musa Jingi, Ulrich Flore Nyaga, Gijo Thomas, Alain Menanga, Samuel Kingue, Anastase Dzudie","doi":"10.5334/gh.1442","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Available evidence suggests that the epidemiology of heart failure (HF) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) might be changing. However, there is a scarcity of contemporary data on the epidemiology and prognosis of hospitalized HF patients in Cameroon despite improvements in the treatment of HF and the changing epidemiology of HF in SSA in the last decade.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the contemporary characteristics, the in-hospital outcomes, and their predictors in patients hospitalized for decompensated HF in Buea, South West region of Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational prospective cohort study. We included consecutive patients hospitalized for HF from March 2021 to March 2024. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with in-hospital mortality and prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 477 patients included, 254 (53.2%) were females. The mean age was 60.3 ± 16.5 years. The most common co-morbidities were hypertension (55.6%), atrial fibrillation (20.8%), diabetes mellitus (17.6%), and chronic kidney disease (14.1%). The most common causes of heart failure were hypertensive heart disease (41.7%), ischemic heart disease (15%), cor pulmonale (11.9%), and dilated cardiomyopathy (9%). The median length of stay (LOS) was seven days. Factors that increased odds of prolonged LOS were atrial fibrillation (OR = 2.04, CI: 1.26-3.35; p = 0.005). Factors that reduced odds of prolonged LOS were valvular heart disease (VHD) (OR = 0.49, CI: 0.26-0.91; p = 0.023), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR = 0.99 per 1 mmHg increment, CI: 0.98-0.99; p = 0.005), and natremia (OR = 0.96 per 1 unit increment, CI: 0.93-0.99; p = 0.010). In-hospital mortality was 11.9%. Factors that increased odds of in-hospital mortality were VHD (OR = 2.40, CI: 1.02-5.64; p = 0.045) and dobutamine administration (OR = 4.37, CI: 1.11-17.16; p = 0.034). Factors that reduced odds of mortality were SBP (OR = 0.99, CI = 0.98-0.99; p = 0.033), natremia (OR = 0.93, CI: 0.89-0.97; p < 0.001), and glomerular filtration rate (OR = 0.98 per 1 unit increment, CI: 0.97-0.99; p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The causes of HF are still predominantly hypertensive, but there is an increasing contribution of ischemic heart disease. There is a need to improve hypertension control and other risk factors for ischemic heart disease in SSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Heart Failure in Patients with Hypertension And/Or Diabetes Using Hand-Held Echocardiography: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Zi-Xuan Yang, Yu Kang, Xue-Ke Zhong, Qiao-Wei Chen, Yi She, Yun Guo, Xiao-Jing Chen, Hua Wang, Qing Zhang","doi":"10.5334/gh.1439","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of hand-held echocardiography-based screening for Stage B or C heart failure among individuals with hypertension and/or diabetes at the High-tech Area Fangcao Community Health Service Center and the Tianfu New Area Huayang Community Health Service Center in Chengdu, China, with the objective of promoting early diagnosis and intensified care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with hypertension and/or diabetes registered and cared for at two community health service centers (CHSCs; Chengdu, China) with no history of clinical heart failure were recruited between October 2021 and December 2021. By combining symptom assessment (dyspnea and/or edema) and N-terminal-probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP ≥ 125 pg/ml as the cut-off) levels with HHE for any indexed abnormality in the dedicated semi-quantitative protocol, patients were categorized into heart failure (HF) Stages A, B, and C. The diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of several pre-specified screening strategies were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 423 patients (70 ± 9 years; males, 46.6%) enrolled, 166 (39.2%) were symptomatic and 106 (25.1%) exhibited elevated NT-proBNP levels. Hand-held echocardiography (HHE) abnormalities were detected in 286 (67.0%) patients, with interventricular septum thickening (47.0%) being the most common finding, followed by left atrial enlargement (30.0%). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was identified in 18 (4.3%) patients. A total of 240 (56.7%) patients were reclassified as HF Stage B and 59 (13.9%) as Stage C. The stepwise strategy of using symptoms for initial stratification, followed by the selection of HHE or NT-proBNP in different circumstances, resulted in 100% accuracy and a 31.3% reduction in costs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HHE-based focused HF screening allows for the early identification of numerous cases of Stage B and mild Stage C HF in high-risk populations. A stepwise screening strategy incorporating symptoms, NT-proBNP, and HHE is feasible and cost-effective and should be adopted in community-based primary care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian Randomisation: Concepts, Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Sophie C de Ruiter, Lena Tschiderer, Diederick E Grobbee, Peter Willeit, Hester M den Ruijter, A Floriaan Schmidt, Sanne A E Peters","doi":"10.5334/gh.1438","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mendelian randomisation is an approach in genetic epidemiology that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to investigate the causal relationship between genetically proxied exposures and health outcomes. During the last years, the number of published Mendelian randomisation studies increased tremendously. There are several opportunities of Mendelian randomisation including obtaining potential causal relationships between both exogenous and endogenous exposures and outcomes and for identifying and prioritising drug-targets to inform clinical trials. However, it is also important to be aware of its challenges. This includes the reliability of results under the assumptions on instrumental variables, being aware of potential biases, the correct and critical interpretation of findings and comparison to the results of randomised controlled trials, as well as the availability of genetic data on specific subgroups. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and challenges of Mendelian randomisation and presents key future perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Patients with Anticancer Therapy: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.","authors":"Gang Fan, Hong Zuo, Lin Lin, Chao Xu, Rui Yan","doi":"10.5334/gh.1440","DOIUrl":"10.5334/gh.1440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of non-tumor-related mortality among patients with tumors. Although sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been shown to confer cardiovascular benefits, their effects and safety profile in patients with cancer remain uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the cardiovascular effects of SGLT2is in patients with cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies to compare the efficacy and safety of SGLT2is and placebo in patients with cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of ten cohort studies, encompassing 85,185 patients, were included in this study. SGLT2is significantly decreased mortality (Risk ratios (RR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.36, 0.75), I² = 98%), heart failure (HF) (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24, 0.77, <i>I²</i> = 75%), and arrhythmia (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0 .23, 0.49, I² = 0%). In addition, SGLT2is decreased the incidence of adverse events. No significant difference was identified in hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggest that sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors may be an efficacious and safe means for improving the prognosis of patients with cancer and diabetes. However, future large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}