Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections.

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Global Heart Pub Date : 2025-07-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.5334/gh.1447

Jubaida Akhtar, Mohammad A Al-Mamun, Mohammad N-N Sayem, Mohammad J Ahmed, Mahfuzur R Bhuiyan, Shamim Jubayer, Mohammad R Amin, R Karim, Megan E Henry, Matti Marklund, Laura Cobb, Dinesh Neupane, Lawrence J Appel, Sohel R Choudhury

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Abstract

Introduction: The high burden of blood pressure-related cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh is potentially caused by excessive dietary sodium and insufficient potassium intake. Our objective is to estimate dietary salt and potassium intake among Bangladesh rural and urban adults from urinary excretion of sodium and potassium.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between December 2017 and June 2018, including participants aged 30-59 years from three urban and three rural sites in Bangladesh. Data included urinary excretion of sodium and potassium estimated from one 24-hr urine collection and blood pressure measurements.

Results: Among 840 enrolled participants, complete data was available in 509 individuals. Mean age was 43.0 (SD ±7.9) years; 20.9% had hypertension, 50.9% were women, and 50.9% resided in urban areas. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 118.6 (SD ± 16.6) mmHg and 76.3 (SD ± 11.3) mmHg, respectively. Overall, the mean urinary sodium excretion was 3.9 g/day (95% CI = 3.8 to 4.0), corresponding to a mean salt intake of 9.7 g/day (95% CI = 9.4-10.1). Mean urinary potassium excretion was 1.4 g/day (95% CI = 1.3-1.4), corresponding to an estimated mean dietary potassium intake of 2.0 g/day. Men and urban residents had slightly but non-significantly higher sodium and potassium excretion than women and rural residents.

Conclusion: In Bangladesh, salt intake exceeded WHO's recommended <5g/day limit, while potassium intake was substantially lower than the recommended intake of ≥ 3.5g/day for adults. Promoting low-sodium and potassium-rich diets through nationwide campaigns and policies, including advocating for accessible low-sodium and potassium-enriched salt substitutes, is recommended to mitigate cardiovascular disease risks.

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孟加拉国成年人尿钠和钾排泄：24小时尿液收集人群调查结果

孟加拉国高血压相关心血管疾病的高负担可能是由饮食中钠摄入过多和钾摄入不足引起的。我们的目的是通过尿中钠和钾的排泄来估计孟加拉国农村和城市成年人饮食中的盐和钾摄入量。方法：我们在2017年12月至2018年6月期间进行了一项横断面研究，包括来自孟加拉国三个城市和三个农村地区的30-59岁的参与者。数据包括通过一次24小时尿液收集和血压测量估计的尿钠和尿钾排泄量。结果：在840名入组参与者中，509人的完整数据可用。平均年龄43.0 （SD±7.9）岁；20.9%患有高血压，50.9%为女性，50.9%居住在城市地区。平均收缩压为118.6 (SD±16.6)mmHg，舒张压为76.3 (SD±11.3)mmHg。总体而言，平均尿钠排泄量为3.9 g/天（95% CI = 3.8 - 4.0），对应于平均盐摄入量为9.7 g/天（95% CI = 9.4-10.1）。平均尿钾排泄量为1.4 g/天（95% CI = 1.3-1.4），对应于估计的平均膳食钾摄入量为2.0 g/天。男性和城市居民的钠和钾排泄量略高于女性和农村居民。结论：在孟加拉国，盐的摄入量超过了世界卫生组织的建议

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来源期刊

Global Heart Medicine-Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

5.40%

发文量

审稿时长

5 weeks

期刊介绍： Global Heart offers a forum for dialogue and education on research, developments, trends, solutions and public health programs related to the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide, with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Manuscripts should address not only the extent or epidemiology of the problem, but also describe interventions to effectively control and prevent CVDs and the underlying factors. The emphasis should be on approaches applicable in settings with limited resources. Economic evaluations of successful interventions are particularly welcome. We will also consider negative findings if important. While reports of hospital or clinic-based treatments are not excluded, particularly if they have broad implications for cost-effective disease control or prevention, we give priority to papers addressing community-based activities. We encourage submissions on cardiovascular surveillance and health policies, professional education, ethical issues and technological innovations related to prevention. Global Heart is particularly interested in publishing data from updated national or regional demographic health surveys, World Health Organization or Global Burden of Disease data, large clinical disease databases or registries. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses on globally relevant topics are welcome. We will also consider clinical research that has special relevance to LMICs, e.g. using validated instruments to assess health-related quality-of-life in patients from LMICs, innovative diagnostic-therapeutic applications, real-world effectiveness clinical trials, research methods (innovative methodologic papers, with emphasis on low-cost research methods or novel application of methods in low resource settings), and papers pertaining to cardiovascular health promotion and policy (quantitative evaluation of health programs.