Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying thermo-hydraulic coupling in fractured geothermal reservoirs through discrete fracture network modeling based on field characterization","authors":"Yanyan Li ,&nbsp;Yuanshuo Ma ,&nbsp;Ximin Bai ,&nbsp;Binghong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fracture networks govern geothermal resource potential by controlling fluid flow and heat transfer dynamics. However, dynamic coupling mechanisms between fracture networks and thermo-hydraulic processes remain poorly quantified, hindering predictive capacity for long-term geothermal performance. To overcome this limitation, this study develops a geologically representative discrete fracture network (DFN) model by applying Monte Carlo simulation to field-measured fracture data from a granite outcrop in southwestern China. A coupled thermo-hydraulic model is established using the DFN model, validated against Lauwerier's analytical solution and numerically simulated. By quantifying thermal breakthrough, our results reveal that the system's sensitivity to fracture aperture decreases with increasing aperture, and that fracture aperture exerts a far stronger influence on thermal breakthrough than injection pressure. Besides, higher rock thermal conductivity enhances sustainable heat production by delaying thermal depletion through improved heat replenishment from the reservoir matrix. Quantified pressure impacts show 22 MPa delivers 50 % higher initial heat extraction than 18 MPa, but the marginal gain in cumulative heat production per unit pressure difference decreases, revealing the short-term advantages and long-term limitations of high-pressure operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into the shear behavior of interstratified illite-smectite clays: Effects of hydration and illitization","authors":"Wenbo Niu ,&nbsp;Chaofa Zhao ,&nbsp;Hamza Mhamdi Alaoui ,&nbsp;Zhongxuan Yang ,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Hicher","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clayey geomaterials rarely occur in a pure mineralogical state in nature and are more commonly found as mixed-layer clays, such as interstratified illite-smectite. These clays consist of varying proportions of illite and smectite layers, which significantly affect their mechanical properties. Under variable mechanical conditions, the shear behavior of mixed-layer clays exhibits considerable complexity, underscoring the need for in-depth investigations. This paper presents a molecular-scale study on the behavior of interstratified illite-smectite minerals, simulating a geotechnical shear setup at the molecular level. Multiple molecular models were constructed to explore the effects of water content and illite layer proportions, effectively replicating stages of the illitization process. The results reveal that the mixed-layer clays exhibit clear stick–slip behavior during shear simulation. Models with low illite content demonstrated relatively similar shear characteristics, while higher illite content led to a significant reduction in nanoscale cohesion and a slight increase in friction coefficient. Pure illite exhibited the highest shear strength among the studied materials, with a friction coefficient and cohesion of 0.111 and 0.172 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, the illitization process was observed to progressively enhance the shear modulus, ranging from 0.63 GPa to 26.81 GPa under various hydrostatic pressures. A statistical analysis was also performed to further examine the stick–slip behavior of mixed-layer clays. These findings provide essential insights into the nanoscale mechanical properties of mixed-layer clay minerals, contributing to a deeper understanding of geomaterial stability in critical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-dimensional fractional elastoplastic constitutive model for rocks within ductile domain","authors":"Jiacun Liu ,&nbsp;Junjie Xiao ,&nbsp;Ying Xu ,&nbsp;Xing Li ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Xia ,&nbsp;Gang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the influence of high three-dimensional geostress, rocks transition into the ductile domain, undergoing continuous plastic hardening and volumetric contraction. Accurately describing the three-dimensional anisotropic deformation of rocks within ductile domain is of great significance for deep underground engineering. Therefore, a three-dimensional fractional elastoplastic constitutive within ductile domain is proposed in this study, including yield function and fractional flow rule. The ductile yield function is based on the modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion and generalized Matsuoka-Nakai deviatoric function. The deviatoric stress of yield surface is negatively correlated to hydrostatic pressure, but positively correlated to Lode angle. The yield surfaces in both meridian and deviatoric planes evolve with the plastic internal variable, accurately capturing the stress state during hardening. Two different fractional orders are used to control the plastic flow direction within meridian and deviatoric planes, represented by dilation angle and plastic deflection angle, respectively. These fractional orders are determined based on the relationship between plastic shear strain and volumetric strain, and they vary with the plastic internal variable, effectively capturing the plastic flow direction throughout hardening. The proposed model is validated using green sandstone data from hydrostatic compression and true-triaxial tests. The effect of fractional orders on the dilation angle and plastic deflection angle is discussed. Under the influence of fractional orders, both dilation angle and plastic deflection angle range from <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mn>90</mn></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></span>. Besides, a comparison between the non-orthogonality and orthogonality flow rules is made. These results indicate that the fractional flow rule significantly improves the applicability and accuracy of constitutive model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of natural fracture zones on hydraulic fracture propagation and proppant transport in tight sandstone reservoirs","authors":"Shuwen Hou ,&nbsp;Zhaozhong Yang ,&nbsp;Liangping Yi ,&nbsp;Dongrui Fu ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Li ,&nbsp;Jianping Liu ,&nbsp;Duo Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Horizontal well segmented multicluster fracturing technology is key for transforming unconventional reservoirs. A multicluster hydraulic fracture propagation and proppant transport model is established that incorporates the influence of natural fracture zones and is based on the discrete element method (DEM). It defines quantitative parameters to depict fracture propagation and proppant placement effectiveness. This study reveals the influence of various factors on reservoir stimulation effectiveness and employs impact assessment to compare the relative importance of each factor. The results indicate that wider natural fracture zones (NFZs) and smaller angles between the NFZ and hydraulic fracture propagation direction increase the difficulty for hydraulic fractures to breach the NFZ barrier and continue propagating. This results in more activated discrete natural fractures, greater fluid diversion, greater nonuniform hydraulic fracture propagation, an increased risk of limited fracture growth, and an increased probability of interwell interference. A higher fracturing flow rate and fracturing fluid viscosity result in less interfracture stress interference and greater uniformity of multifracture propagation in a less complex fracture network. Larger proppant particles increase the risk of proppant plugging. Blockages are prone to occur in narrow fracture sections, hindering the continuous injection of fracturing fluid. Staged pumping can prevent proppant accumulation at the fracture tip and prevent inadequate near-wellbore proppant placement caused by pump shutdown. The particle size, angle of the natural fracture zone relative to the hydraulic fracture propagation path, and fracturing flow rate most significantly impact the reservoir stimulation effectiveness of reservoirs containing natural fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive failure of coal–rock under triaxial disturbance: From experimental and crack propagation modeling perspectives","authors":"Yiqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenjing Qin ,&nbsp;Jinbo Liu ,&nbsp;Aibing Jin ,&nbsp;Shuaijun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During deep mining, coal–rock masses are prone to dynamic stress redistribution and concentration under triaxial unloading disturbances, leading to progressive crack evolution and eventual instability. To investigate the underlying failure mechanism, triaxial unloading disturbance tests were carried out. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was used to track key indicators, including the RA/AF ratio, b-value, and dominant frequency. In addition, multifractal spectrum analysis was introduced to systematically characterize the crack evolution process of coal–rock under different unloading rates of confining pressure. The study divides the failure process into four stages and proposes an axial crack propagation model based on fracture mechanics to describe crack evolution under disturbed unloading conditions. The results indicate that, with increasing unloading rates, coal–rock failure is dominated by shear failure, accompanied by a reduction in the number of macroscopic cracks. The acoustic emission (AE) signals exhibit stronger multifractal characteristics and localized intensity heterogeneity, reflecting increased internal structural complexity and disorder. The developed crack propagation model provides theoretical support for the study of fracture evolution in geological materials under unconventional loading conditions and offers guidance for crack prediction and failure assessment in complex stress environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage simulation of casing-cement interface of wellbore structure under non-uniform formation stress","authors":"Fei Li ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Liu ,&nbsp;Haoran Xu ,&nbsp;Feng Tang ,&nbsp;Lihong Han ,&nbsp;Shangyu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In ultra-deep drilling operations, formations such as creeping mudstone and high-pressure salt layers are frequently encountered, generating non-uniform loads that pose severe challenges to casing design and wellbore integrity. The interfacial bonding behavior between the cement sheath and casing is a critical factor governing the long-term integrity of the wellbore. This paper develops a damage model for the double-layer casing-cement sheath interface under non-uniform loading based on peridynamic theory. The model numerically characterizes the evolution mechanism of interface damage under non-uniform stress. Laboratory tests were conducted using a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system to capture the strain evolution on the casing-cement sheath surface during radial compression. The results indicate that the peridynamic simulation of damage at the double-layer casing-cement sheath interface under non-uniform loading is in strong agreement with the DIC strain measurements. From the perspective of strain accumulation and damage morphology, increasing the outer casing radius enhances the overall structural stiffness. Strain accumulation at the inner casing-cement interface accelerates, with damage concentrated at the interface. while damage within the cement sheath primarily propagates along the 90° and 270° loading directions. In contrast, an increase radius of the inner casing reduces the constraint on the cement sheath, making the casing more prone to “ovalization” deformation. This extension of the stress transfer path slows strain accumulation at the inner casing–cement interface, with damage propagating along the 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° directions. Experimental results further indicate that the load-bearing capacity of the model with an inner casing is at least 2.5 times higher than that of the model without an inner casing. The study reveals the mechanical mechanism governing the sealing capacity of the cement sheath in double-layer casings, providing significant theoretical and engineering implications for ensuring wellbore integrity and stability in oil and gas operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on mechanical response and fracture behavior of initially damaged shale based on multi-level PB-GBM method","authors":"Jianping Zuo ,&nbsp;Bo Lei ,&nbsp;Genshui Wu ,&nbsp;Haiyan Liu ,&nbsp;Massimo Coli","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the failure behavior of Longmaxi shale is vital for shale reservoir reconstruction. Shale inherently contains some initial micro-cracks, which significantly affect its strength and failure behavior. In this paper, a refined boundary multi-level parallel bonded grain-based model (multi-level PB-GBM) in Particle Flow Code (PFC2D) was developed, and the effect of inherent initial damage on shale strength and failure behavior was quantitatively investigated. The results showed that inherent initial damage significantly influences the failure pattern and mechanical properties of shale. The newly generated cracks of the initially damaged samples are significantly self-organized compared with those of the undamaged samples, indicating that the inherent initial damaged cracks induce the orientation and aggregation of micro-cracks. High initially damaged samples mainly demonstrate by splitting-shear coupled fracture as a result of the co-evolution of primary and secondary micro-cracks. Generally, rock strength gradually decreases as the initial damage increases. When the inherent initial damage within the sample is low, the rock strength is greatly influenced by confining pressure, whereas when the initial damage is high enough, the initial damage contributes more to the rock strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative prediction of tertiary formation fractures and its application in lost circulation prediction in the Bozhong Depression","authors":"He Du ,&nbsp;Jianwei Feng ,&nbsp;Shouyu Xu ,&nbsp;Junxiao Qu ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Xiang Gao ,&nbsp;Huilin Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs in the Bohai Sea have gained significant attention. However, the high cost of offshore drilling and the occurrence of frequent lost circulation accidents have resulted in substantial economic losses. Therefore, it is crucial to effectively predict and assess the risk of lost circulation in the Bozhong Depression. This study focuses on the analysis of lost circulation characteristics, identifying fracture characteristics as the most influential factors. Geomechanical methods were employed to characterize fracture parameters in the study area, enabling the prediction of lost circulation. A three-dimensional heterogeneous rock mechanical parameter model, incorporating lithology and faults, was constructed based on rock mechanics experiments, logging, and seismic data. Structural evolution analysis and acoustic emission experiments were conducted to determine the main period of fracture development. The Ansys software's finite element simulation platform facilitated the simulation of the paleo-stress field in the study area. By applying the principles of geomechanics, a calculation formula for fracture parameters was derived, and the spatial distribution of fracture parameters in the study area was quantitatively characterized using the results of the paleo-stress field simulation. Taking into account the lost circulation points of drilled wells, fracture parameters, current stress field, lithology, and other factors contributing to lost circulation, a leakage risk threshold area for fracture parameters was proposed. The predictions of lost circulation were validated using verification wells, demonstrating good agreement with actual drilling conditions. This approach provides valuable insights for mitigating lost circulation during drilling, reducing drilling cycles, and minimizing economic losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on rock failure characteristics under combined action of uniaxial stress and explosion","authors":"Zhibiao Guo ,&nbsp;Jingwei Gao ,&nbsp;Junao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blasting technology is widely used in deep rock mass engineering, and the surrounding rock damage and crack propagation caused by blasting are usually affected by ground stress. The failure and propagation of cracks in boreholes surrounding rock under the combined action of uniaxial stress and blasting load are comprehensively studied. Explosion tests, mechanical analysis, and finite element modeling are used to verify these results from the perspectives of numerical simulation and field engineering. The LS-DYNA numerical software is used to verify the explosion experiment, and the corrected constitutive model is used to simulate the effects of different uniaxial stresses on rock loosening and shaped charge blasting failure characteristics. The fracture network is processed by ImageJ software, and the fracture morphology and fractal characteristics of rock surface are analyzed. Then, the change of fracture mode of uniaxial stress-induced shaped charge blasting is analyzed by means of elastic mechanics, and the mechanism of directional crack propagation is discussed. The results show that the crack initiation occurs along the zone of maximum tensile stress around the hole during loosening blasting. The application of uniaxial stress can restrain the speed and length of crack growth and control the direction of radial crack growth, which makes the crack propagation parallel to the stress direction more advantageous. In the process of shaped charge blasting, with the increase of uniaxial stress, the damage in the shaped charge direction gradually forms a complete failure plane, which significantly inhibits the crack growth in the non-shaped charge direction. This leads to fewer cracks, but faster spreads, and fewer fractal dimensions of cracks and rock damage. Finally, the test of cutting the top and relieving pressure of coalmine by shaped charge blasting has been carried out, and satisfactory results have been obtained. In deep rock mass engineering, it is suggested to use shaped charge blasting under anisotropic ground stress to achieve directional blasting so as to better maintain the integrity of surrounding rock and obtain a smoother blasting surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative tests on the failure characteristics and mechanisms of soft inclined foundation waste dump under gravity","authors":"Qiang Wen ,&nbsp;Shuwei Sun ,&nbsp;Jiachen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Hui Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2025.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslide disasters occur frequently on the slopes of open-pit mine waste dumps, thus the study of their failure mechanism is crucial to mine environmental protection and safe production. This study conducted three sets of base friction model tests on waste dumps with different inclination angles. Based on an updated speckle analysis and point-tracking technology, the failure process of the waste dump slopes was obtained, focusing on analyzing the occurrence mechanism, failure mode, and stability of the slopes. The findings indicated that the waste dump slopes of inclined foundations have prominent progressive failure characteristics, and due to the influence of the inclined foundation, the waste dump slope failure mode is significantly different. According to the movement characteristics of the slopes in the tests, the deformation process of slopes was categorized into three phases: the uniform deformation phase, the local failure phase, and the overall instability phase. Taking the characteristic moment of the model entering into local failure and overall instability as the stability evaluation index, which showed that anti-inclined foundation slopes had the best stability, followed by horizontal, with down-inclined slopes being the least stable, which is basically consistent with other results. The sliding surface geometry and factor of safety of the slopes were obtained by using the strength reduction method in the FLAC3D software. The deformation characteristics of waste dump slopes with soft inclined foundations derived from numerical modeling are in basic accordance with previous base friction model test results. The study also noted that as the inclination angle of the basement changes, the sliding surface of different types of foundation waste dumps gradually changes from polyline to arc-shaped. These findings could offer qualitative insights into assessing the stability of waste dump slopes on soft inclined foundations, which are of great significance to mine environmental protection and mine safety production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}