Samantha Ryan , Elizabeth Forster , Anna Sullivan , Natalie Phillips , Bronwyn Griffin
{"title":"A retrospective cohort review study of patients with a primary immune deficiency who have presented to the paediatric emergency department with a fever","authors":"Samantha Ryan , Elizabeth Forster , Anna Sullivan , Natalie Phillips , Bronwyn Griffin","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To identify, analyse, and synthesise retrospective data regarding the characteristics and risk factors that primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) inhibit to enhance patient outcomes and improve healthcare professional knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is currently limited research regarding the management of this high-risk paediatric cohort when they present to an emergency department (ED). This review analyses clinical data in the management, treatment and outcomes for these patients.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This retrospective cohort review analysed patient characteristics, including the ED presentation and treatments, and hospital outcomes for children with a PID.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data from electronic medical records were extracted at a large tertiary paediatric hospital in South-East Queensland according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Identified cases deidentified, analysed and reported. Baseline variables summarised using descriptive statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 789 ED presentations relating either to fever or PID, 126 cases met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the length of time to be seen by a clinician in ED was a mean of 83 min, 27.8 % did not receive any treatment. Eleven patients had no investigations performed at all, of those who did, 5 % returned positive blood cultures. The immunology team were not consulted for 52 % of patients, and among those admitted, 70.3 % were classed as having a complex medical history.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is limited consistency surrounding the management of children with a PID who present to the ED with a fever. Further research and resources are needed to facilitate enhanced emergency management to increase positive outcomes for this rare, but at-risk cohort of paediatric patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 328-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seen, heard, supported: Recognising and responding to Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in the Australian emergency department","authors":"Haddijatou Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Female genital mutilation/ cutting (FGM/C) describes the practice of injuring or removing part or all of the external female* genitalia and is a process that serves no medical benefit.<sup>2</sup> Approximately <span><span>230 million females</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>** worldwide have undergone this human rights violation.<sup>1,2</sup> These women are at risk of illness and may seek emergency care. FGM/C is illegal in all Australian states and territories<sup>7,8</sup> and not traditionally practised here; however, the number of women in Australia living with FGM/C is increasing. Australian healthcare workers have limited knowledge of FGM/C.<sup>6</sup> Women are not only impacted by the procedures themselves but also by the scarcity of robust research, which leaves Emergency Departments (EDs) without adequate guidance. A gap exists in the literature, which has real-life implications. Australian EDs must be equipped to care for people who have undergone this harmful cultural practice. This paper examines the barriers to effective care and explore recommendations to enhance outcomes for these women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 264-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Grace Xu, Yang Camila Zhao, Jed Duff, Nicole Marsh
{"title":"A scoping review of randomised controlled trials in vascular access devices in emergency departments.","authors":"Hui Grace Xu, Yang Camila Zhao, Jed Duff, Nicole Marsh","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To synthesise findings from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on vascular access devices (VADs) in emergency departments (EDs).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>VADs play a critical role in EDs, enabling rapid delivery of supportive therapies to address urgent medical needs. This scoping review will map current evidence and determine areas to focus future research priorities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework, a comprehensive search was conducted (2012-2024) across four databases. RCTs that focused on peripheral intravenous catheters, central venous catheters, arterial catheters, or intraosseous catheters in an ED setting were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>48 RCTs were included, a majority focused on peripheral intravenous catheters (n = 41, 85 %), followed by central venous catheters (n = 4, 8 %), arterial catheters (n = 2, 4 %), and intraosseous catheters (n = 1, 3 %). The findings were categorised by intervention type, including vessel visualisation technology, catheter design, dressing and securement design, distraction techniques, topical anaesthetics, inserter models, and other related techniques. The top three most frequently reported outcomes were insertion success (n = 21), time to successful insertion (n = 20), and catheter-related complications (n = 19).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review provides ED clinicians with current evidence on VAD technologies and techniques, enabling them to select and implement the most effective options into daily practice reduce costs and improve patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"186-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melinda Williamson, Kristie J Harper, Sarah Bernard, Courtenay Harris
{"title":"From triage to departure: Older adults' ED journey. A mixed methods study.","authors":"Melinda Williamson, Kristie J Harper, Sarah Bernard, Courtenay Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rising Emergency Department (ED) demand strains resources to assess and manage frail older adults. Allied health supports comprehensive care, disposition planning and patient safety in the ED but often intervenes late. This study investigated factors affecting allied health referrals and co-designed an early allied health frailty service.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach was used. Patient journey mapping of low acuity older ED patients was followed by stakeholder focus groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From triage, 20 older ED patients waited a mean of 110 minutes (SD 83 minutes) for doctor assessment, 123 minutes (SD 116 minutes) for an ED bed and 355 minutes (SD 297 minutes) for allied health assessment with a mean ED length of stay (LOS) of 685 minutes (SD 444 minutes). Qualitative analysis of focus group discussions identified perceived benefits of an early allied health service including shorter LOS, earlier disposition planning, increased staff confidence and streamlined decision making. Perceived barriers were lack of space, competing assessments with doctors and incomplete investigations. Perceived solutions were refining the inclusion criteria and staff education.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Allied health assessment occurred six hours post presentation, outside national targets. Opportunities and barriers identified supported the development of an earlier allied health frailty service.</p>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"197-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helen Zaouk, Michael Piza, Sabrina Naz, Aaron de Los Santos, Jordan Fenech, Kelly Bivona, Robbie Cruceanu, Sarah Kourouche
{"title":"The T2 nurse - A novel role to reduce time to treatment for critically ill patients in a metropolitan emergency department.","authors":"Helen Zaouk, Michael Piza, Sabrina Naz, Aaron de Los Santos, Jordan Fenech, Kelly Bivona, Robbie Cruceanu, Sarah Kourouche","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delayed access to treatment in the Emergency Department for patients presenting with time-critical presentations leads to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine if the introduction of a novel 'T2 Nurse' nursing role to initiate assessment and treatment for time-critical (category 2) patients reduces time to treatment (TTT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pre/post-implementation pilot study used routinely collected performance data from all category 2 patients presenting to an emergency department in NSW, Australia from January 2023 to July 2024 using regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>17,332 pre-implementation records and 16,989 post-implementation records were examined. The mean average TTT pre-implementation was 27 min compared to 12 min during the program, with a mean daily average TTT reduced by 15.4 min post-implementation. After adjusting for seasonal variation, the T2 program significantly reduced average waiting time by approximately 8 min. There was a sustained increase in performance targets with over 80 % of category 2 patients seen within the recommended time post-implementation (a 42 % increase).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of a T2 nurse role led to statistically and clinically significant sustained improvements in TTT particularly when the T2 Nurse initiates treatment, which may lead to improved health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"240-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of emergency nurse practitioners on short-term survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.","authors":"Weerapont Kaewpaengchan, Wachira Wongtanasarasin, Worapot Khampeera, Borwon Wittayachamnankul","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are critical for improving survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The expertise of EMS team leaders, such as emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs), may impact patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the role of ENPs and their association with outcomes in OHCA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on OHCA cases treated by EMS from 2017 to 2020. Data included ENP presence, number of healthcare personnel, patient demographics, initial rhythm, bystander CPR, physician presence, patient access time, and scene time. Primary outcome was prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), with secondary outcome being ROSC at the emergency department (ED).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 212 OHCA cases treated by EMS, ENPs were present in 14.6 % of cases. Prehospital ROSC was 11.3 %, while ROSC at the ED was 48.1 %. ENP presence was not associated with increased prehospital ROSC (p = 0.19) but was linked to higher overall ROSC rates at the ED (p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Including ENPs in EMS teams may improve short-term survival outcomes for OHCA patients, particularly at the ED. Further research is needed to explore the broader impact of ENPs in prehospital care.</p>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"163-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing practice-level quality indicators to assist in evaluating the application of the Australasian Triage Scale: A modified e-Delphi process.","authors":"Wayne Varndell, Matthew Lutze, Carrie Janerka","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triage quality is central to patient safety and the efficient distribution of emergency department resources. Currently, there are no identified quality indicators for application of the Australasian Triage Scale.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To address a gap in quality indicators specific to triage.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A literature review and modified Delphi technique.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A review of the literature published between 2001 and 2024 was conducted to identify potential indicators and metrics of triage quality, and were categorised across six quality of care domains (patient-centeredness, timeliness, effectiveness, equity, efficiency and safety). Three consecutive online surveys where panellists rated these indicators for perceived appropriateness, validity and feasibility were completed between August and December 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the review, 17 initial quality indicators across six quality of care domains were developed. Following round 1, 3 indicators were modified and 8 indicators were added. After two further survey rounds, 18 (72 %) indicators met consensus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An expert panel validated a set of triage quality indicators for measuring Australian triage practice. A continuous quality improvement approach is required to optimise triage practice, develop processes for detecting and reducing patient harm and minimising variation. Further research is needed to test applicability of the indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency clinical nurse specialist practice in Victoria and New South Wales: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sarah Wiggs, Abra Osborne, Julia Morphet","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emergency Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS) are experts in treating patients across the lifespan in the dynamic, unpredictable and busy Emergency Department (ED). The aim of this paper was to create a profile of the Emergency CNS role and practice, and assess work satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online cross-sectional survey based on the College of Emergency Nursing Australasia's Practice Standards for the Specialist Emergency Nurse was conducted in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 59 survey responses. The domains Lawful Practice, Professional Ethics and Communication were rated as practiced with the greatest frequency, and Lawful Practice and Teamwork were rated very important by respondents. 79 % of CNSs planned to continue working in ED, with all CNSs reporting plans to continue working in healthcare. 77 % of CNSs were satisfied in their current role.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Practice Standards for the Specialist Emergency Nurse are used regularly and are relevant to CNS practice. CNSs are largely satisfied with their role, which is versatile and multifaceted. However, CNSs face challenges to perform all elements of their role, and reported protected non-clinical time and collaboration with management as enablers to their role.</p>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belinda L Baines, Joanna Lawrence, Jennie Hutton, Loren Sher, Adam I Semciw, James H Boyd, Rebecca L Jessup, Suzanne M Miller, Jason Talevski
{"title":"Self-referral trends to a virtual emergency department following initial presentation: A retrospective exploratory analysis.","authors":"Belinda L Baines, Joanna Lawrence, Jennie Hutton, Loren Sher, Adam I Semciw, James H Boyd, Rebecca L Jessup, Suzanne M Miller, Jason Talevski","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Victorian Virtual Emergency Department (VVED) provides emergency care for patients across Victoria, Australia with non-life-threatening concerns. This study aims to explore subsequent self-referral patterns of patients after initial presentation to the VVED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 42,921 VVED patients between October 2020 and June 2024. Subsequent self-referral rates among VVED patients who were initially referred through a health care provider (HCP) referral pathway were compared to those who self-referred upon their first presentation. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression modelling were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were more likely to self-refer on their second presentation if they self-referred on their first presentation (88 % vs 40 %; p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed significantly lower odds of subsequent self-referral in all HCP referral pathways compared to the self-referral group. Patients referred through pathways without an HCP present had higher odds of subsequent self-referral than those referred via pathways with a HCP present (OR=1.19, 95 % CI: 1.10-1.28).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients who self-refer to the VVED initially are more likely to continue self-referring to the service. Further research is needed to explore factors that may enhance the likelihood of self-referral to virtual emergency care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refresher training for emergency department triage nurses - A scoping review.","authors":"Amanda Hinds, Susan Kay, Kiah Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triage nurses have under five minutes to assess patients; prioritise urgency and assign wait times. Triage accuracy is vital for patient safety and Emergency Department (ED) efficiency. Guidelines for triage nurse refresher training are unclear. This review aimed to describe the evidence on ED triage nurse refresher training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), searching Medline, Embase and CINAHL databases from 2007 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen studies were included. Problem-based learning, lectures, simulation, and project learning were identified as effective education strategies, with multiple teaching methods frequently used. Cost and delivery mode affected refresher training. Tiredness, patient context, and nurses' forming personal rules over time negatively impacted accuracy, while clear guidelines and flowcharts helped maintain it.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Triage refresher training enhances nurses' accuracy. Clear guidance on minimum standards along with visible resources, guidelines and flowcharts further improve triage accuracy. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects on patient safety and ED patient flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"204-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}