Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development最新文献

{"title":"VII. FOLK MEDICINE AND FOLK CURES.","authors":"Kristi L Lockhart, Frank C Keil","doi":"10.1111/mono.12367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"83 2","pages":"140-158"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39986059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMMENTARY: WHAT HEALS AND WHY? CHILDREN'S UNDERSTANDING OF MEDICAL TREATMENTS.","authors":"Karl S Rosengren,&nbsp;Matthew J Jiang,&nbsp;Charles W Kalish,&nbsp;David Menendez,&nbsp;Iseli G Hernandez","doi":"10.1111/mono.12370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lockhart and Keil have written an interesting monograph focusing on the development of reasoning about medicine, a relatively underexplored area of research with potentially broad implications with respect to the design of more-effective medical interventions. In a set of 15 studies with well over 2,200 participants, they examine how children and adults combine aspects of biological and psychological reasoning to create working models of medicine. Lockhart and Keil explore developmental changes in reasoning about illness and its treatment using medicines in terms of dualism (e.g., psychological vs. physical), spatial proximity, differential timing of effects, potential side effects, and treatment tradeoffs. This commentary highlights the novel contributions of this monograph, examines issues that need additional considerations, and makes suggestions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"83 2","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39986631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VI. TREATMENTS AND TRADEOFFS.","authors":"Kristi L Lockhart,&nbsp;Frank C Keil","doi":"10.1111/mono.12366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"83 2","pages":"123-139"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39985897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"V. REASONING ABOUT SIDE EFFECTS: INFLUENCES OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL EXPECTATIONS.","authors":"Kristi L Lockhart,&nbsp;Frank C Keil","doi":"10.1111/mono.12365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"83 2","pages":"100-122"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39985915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"V: GENERAL DISCUSSION.","authors":"Caroline Floccia,&nbsp;Thomas D Sambrook,&nbsp;Claire Delle Luche,&nbsp;Rosa Kwok,&nbsp;Jeremy Goslin,&nbsp;Laurence White,&nbsp;Allegra Cattani,&nbsp;Emily Sullivan,&nbsp;Kirsten Abbot-Smith,&nbsp;Andrea Krott,&nbsp;Debbie Mills,&nbsp;Caroline Rowland,&nbsp;Judit Gervain,&nbsp;Kim Plunkett","doi":"10.1111/mono.12352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":" ","pages":"68-80"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35854290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"III: ANALYSES AND RESULTS FOR STUDY 1: ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF LINGUISTIC DISTANCE ON VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT.","authors":"Caroline Floccia,&nbsp;Thomas D Sambrook,&nbsp;Claire Delle Luche,&nbsp;Rosa Kwok,&nbsp;Jeremy Goslin,&nbsp;Laurence White,&nbsp;Allegra Cattani,&nbsp;Emily Sullivan,&nbsp;Kirsten Abbot-Smith,&nbsp;Andrea Krott,&nbsp;Debbie Mills,&nbsp;Caroline Rowland,&nbsp;Judit Gervain,&nbsp;Kim Plunkett","doi":"10.1111/mono.12350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":" ","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35854294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADVANCES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF YOUNG BILINGUALS: COMMENTS ON FLOCCIA ET AL.","authors":"Erika Hoff,&nbsp;Cynthia Core","doi":"10.1111/mono.12356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we comment on the significant contributions to science and to clinical practice made by Floccia et al.'s study of over 400 bilingual 2-year-old children. To science, this work contributes new findings on the linguistic factors that make some pairs of languages easier to learn than others and rich data on the environmental factors that influence bilingual development. Their results provide clues to the nature of the language learning process. To clinical practice, Floccia et al. contribute a new instrument for the diagnosis of risk for language impairment in bilingual children and a new method for the development of assessment instruments more generally. The experience-adjusted approach to norming that they illustrate here provides an example for others to follow. Their method holds promise for test development in many domains where the goal is to assess children's internal capacity but the evidence that is available in children's achievement is systematically influenced by environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"83 1","pages":"109-123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9866710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I: INTRODUCTION.","authors":"Caroline Floccia,&nbsp;Thomas D Sambrook,&nbsp;Claire Delle Luche,&nbsp;Rosa Kwok,&nbsp;Jeremy Goslin,&nbsp;Laurence White,&nbsp;Allegra Cattani,&nbsp;Emily Sullivan,&nbsp;Kirsten Abbot-Smith,&nbsp;Andrea Krott,&nbsp;Debbie Mills,&nbsp;Caroline Rowland,&nbsp;Judit Gervain,&nbsp;Kim Plunkett","doi":"10.1111/mono.12348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of the world's children grow up learning two or more languages. The study of early bilingualism is central to current psycholinguistics, offering insights into issues such as transfer and interference in development. From an applied perspective, it poses a universal challenge to language assessment practices throughout childhood, as typically developing bilingual children usually underperform relative to monolingual norms when assessed in one language only. We measured vocabulary with Communicative Development Inventories for 372 24-month-old toddlers learning British English and one Additional Language out of a diverse set of 13 (Bengali, Cantonese, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Hindi-Urdu, Italian, Mandarin, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, and Welsh). We furthered theoretical understanding of bilingual development by showing, for the first time, that linguistic distance between the child's two languages predicts vocabulary outcome, with phonological overlap related to expressive vocabulary, and word order typology and morphological complexity related to receptive vocabulary, in the Additional Language. Our study also has crucial clinical implications: we have developed the first bilingual norms for expressive and receptive vocabulary for 24-month-olds learning British English and an Additional Language. These norms were derived from factors identified as uniquely predicting CDI vocabulary measures: the relative amount of English versus the Additional Language in child-directed input and parental overheard speech, and infant gender. The resulting UKBTAT tool was able to accurately predict the English vocabulary of an additional group of 58 bilinguals learning an Additional Language outside our target range. This offers a pragmatic method for the assessment of children in the majority language when no tool exists in the Additional Language. Our findings also suggest that the effect of linguistic distance might extend beyond bilinguals' acquisition of early vocabulary to encompass broader cognitive processes, and could constitute a key factor in the study of the debated bilingual advantage.</p>","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":" ","pages":"7-29"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35854293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"II: METHODS.","authors":"Caroline Floccia,&nbsp;Thomas D Sambrook,&nbsp;Claire Delle Luche,&nbsp;Rosa Kwok,&nbsp;Jeremy Goslin,&nbsp;Laurence White,&nbsp;Allegra Cattani,&nbsp;Emily Sullivan,&nbsp;Kirsten Abbot-Smith,&nbsp;Andrea Krott,&nbsp;Debbie Mills,&nbsp;Caroline Rowland,&nbsp;Judit Gervain,&nbsp;Kim Plunkett","doi":"10.1111/mono.12349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12349","url":null,"abstract":"T HE PROCEDURE and methods used in the initial examinations of all cohorts have been described in detail (Keys et al., 1967, pp. 24-54). Except for additional items in the protocol, noted below, the same procedures and methods were used in the reexaminations five years later, and with few exceptions the same professional and assisting staff conducted the work both times. On the second as on the first occasion, the great majority of the examinations were made in the mornings before the men had indulged in any strenuous work although most of them had eaten their usual breakfast before reporting for examination. The sequence of events in the examinations started with registration by an assistant, native to or at least greatly familiar with the area and its population, who recorded any changes in family and occupational status and in personal habits, including smoking. That assistant, usually a nurse or medical technician but sometimes a physician, filled out the London School of Hygiene Cardiovascular Questionnaire (see Rose and Blackburn 1968, Annex 6). After disrobing to underwear and socks, measurements of height, weight, and thickness of the skinfolds over the triceps muscle and over the tip of the scapula were made with the same standardized methods as used in the entry examinations. Respiratory function tests, which will not be reported here, preceded the medical history and physical examinations, two internists taking alternate subjects for this latter purpose. Blood pressure was recorded at least twice at that stage. The forms for initial data, medical history, and physical examination are reproduced in the Appendix of this report. The 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded in supine rest on multichannel machines, with routine control of calibration and paper speed (25 mm/sec). Except where there was manifest heart disease or other contraindication, a three-minute exercise test was made with repetition of the ECG","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":" ","pages":"30-42"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35854291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IV: RESULTS FOR STUDIES 2 AND 3: THE UKBTAT MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION TO NONTARGET ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE LEARNERS.","authors":"Caroline Floccia,&nbsp;Thomas D Sambrook,&nbsp;Claire Delle Luche,&nbsp;Rosa Kwok,&nbsp;Jeremy Goslin,&nbsp;Laurence White,&nbsp;Allegra Cattani,&nbsp;Emily Sullivan,&nbsp;Kirsten Abbot-Smith,&nbsp;Andrea Krott,&nbsp;Debbie Mills,&nbsp;Caroline Rowland,&nbsp;Judit Gervain,&nbsp;Kim Plunkett","doi":"10.1111/mono.12351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12351","url":null,"abstract":"This article is part of the issue “Vocabulary of 2-Year-Olds Learning English and an Additional Language: Norms and Effects of Linguistic Distance” Floccia, Sambrook, Delle Luche, Kwok, Goslin, White, Cattani, Sullivan, Abbot-Smith, Krott, Mills, Rowland, Gervain, and Plunkett (Issue Authors). For a full listing of articles in this issue, see: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mono.v83.1/issuetoc.","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":" ","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35854292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}