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Sohaira Z. M. Siddiqui (2019), Law and Politics under the Abbasids: An intellectual portrait of al-Juwaynī Sohaira Z. M. Siddiqui (2019)， Abbasids下的法律和政治:al- juwayn的知识分子肖像
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.1163/15685195-29030001
Jonathan E. Brockopp
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引用次数: 0
The Birth of the Islamic Investor 伊斯兰投资者的诞生
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1163/15685195-bja10022
Ibrahim Elhoudaiby
{"title":"The Birth of the Islamic Investor","authors":"Ibrahim Elhoudaiby","doi":"10.1163/15685195-bja10022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-bja10022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 What is Islamic about Islamic finance? How does the industry’s Islamicity compare to the notions of trade and commerce in classical sharīʿa? In this essay, I explore the genealogy of Islamic finance by scrutinizing twentieth-century fatwās on share certificates. I argue that these fatwās gave rise to shareholding as a novel property relation, one that severs the shareholder’s non-financial interest in the company’s property. Twentieth-century muftīs unanimously accepted the legitimacy of shareholding, which, in turn, contributed to the rise of the Islamic investor: a profit-maximizing, socially-disinterested homo economicus whose ethical conduct is validated in reference to modern Islamic law. The unanimous acceptance of shareholding and the investor contributed to the consolidation of the central institutions of Islamic finance: Islamic banks and joint-stock companies. It also contributed to the thinning of Islamicity. Whereas the classical sharīʿa discourse produced partnerships as, at once, social and economic entities, fatwās on Islamic financial instruments reduce Islamicity to economic considerations and a set of maneuverable protocols.","PeriodicalId":55965,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42002214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Judicial Crisis in Damascus on the Eve of Baybars’s Reform: The Case of the Minor Orphan Girl (651–55/1253–57) 贝巴尔斯改革前夕大马士革的司法危机——以小孤女为例(651-55/1253-57)
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1163/15685195-bja10020
Mariam Sheibani
{"title":"Judicial Crisis in Damascus on the Eve of Baybars’s Reform: The Case of the Minor Orphan Girl (651–55/1253–57)","authors":"Mariam Sheibani","doi":"10.1163/15685195-bja10020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-bja10020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay reconstructs a late-Ayyubid court case in Damascus that was litigated repeatedly between 651/1253 and 655/1257, five years prior to the beginning of Sultan Baybars’s judicial reform in 660/1262. The case involved the marriage of a minor orphan girl. The Shāfiʿī chief justice of Damascus initially permitted the marriage but later instructed his deputy judge to annul it, a move that outraged jurists and elicited a transregional debate. I reconstruct the case proceedings and ensuing controversies primarily from an unpublished treatise by Abū Shāma al-Maqdisī (d. 665/1268), which is partly corroborated by contemporaneous fatwas and historical chronicles. The case illustrates that pre-reform Ayyubid courts lacked the coherent jurisprudence and institutional oversight that might have prevented abuses of power by unscrupulous and inept officials. Although Baybars’s reform has long been recognized as a critical turning point in Islamic legal history, this case exposes the social and institutional dilemmas that the reform sought to address.","PeriodicalId":55965,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46150428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Four Books of Shiʿi Hadith: From Inception to Consolidation 《什叶派圣训四书:从开始到巩固》
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.1163/15685195-28040002
Amin Ehteshami
{"title":"The Four Books of Shiʿi Hadith: From Inception to Consolidation","authors":"Amin Ehteshami","doi":"10.1163/15685195-28040002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-28040002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Since their compilations in the tenth and eleventh centuries ce, the four hadith books, al-Kāfī, al-Faqīh, al-Tahdhīb, and al-Istibṣār, have left an indelible mark on Shiʿi religiosity. The present study takes as its starting point the earliest instance in which these four compilations were collectively referred to as the Four Books (al-kutub al-arbaʿa). I investigate the major developments in the period between the inception of this phrase in the fifteenth century and its consolidation as the demarcator of a unique Imami hadith corpus in the seventeenth century. Following the introduction, each section of the article focuses on a figure whose ideas contributed to this consolidation process. In the conclusion I summarize the findings of the previous sections and reflect on the notion of hadith canonicity within the context of Imami jurisprudence during the period under study.","PeriodicalId":55965,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42312079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Between Implementation and Legislation: The Shiʿi Imam Muḥammad al-Jawād’s Khums Demand Letter of 220 ah/835 ce 在执行与立法之间:什叶派伊玛目Muḥammad al-Jawād 220 ah/835 ce的胡姆斯要求函
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1163/15685195-bja10014
Edmund Hayes
{"title":"Between Implementation and Legislation: The Shiʿi Imam Muḥammad al-Jawād’s Khums Demand Letter of 220 ah/835 ce","authors":"Edmund Hayes","doi":"10.1163/15685195-bja10014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-bja10014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Imami Shiʿa are usually treated as a community defined by belief. By analysing a letter attributed to the ninth Imami Imam, Muḥammad al-Jawād dated to the year of his death in 220/835, I show that the Imami Shiʿa were defined also by institutional structures that tied them to their Imam in his capacity as community leader. Details of transmission, form and content suggest that the letter may well be authentic, giving us a unique window onto the Imamic administration. The letter is a tax demand, encouraging payment of the khums levy upon the spoils of war and other items. My analysis suggests that the understanding of khums and ghanīma among Imamis at this time continued to be fluid, subject to the Imam’s adjustment, and that implementation influenced the elaboration of the law. Subsequently, hadith scholars and jurists were thus forced to interpret how such ad hoc, pragmatic acts fit into Islamic law, which is conceived as eternal and divine.","PeriodicalId":55965,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44208371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Al-Shāfiʿī Against the Kufan School Al-Shāfi反对苦番学派
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1163/15685195-28040001
C. Melchert
{"title":"Al-Shāfiʿī Against the Kufan School","authors":"C. Melchert","doi":"10.1163/15685195-28040001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-28040001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000One of the short works of al-Shāfiʿī (d. 204/820) is Ikhtilāf ʿAlī wa-ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd (“the disagreements of ʿAlī and ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd”). It comprises first quotations of the Companions ʿAlī and Ibn Masʿūd advocating rules that the Kufans reject, secondly counter-reports supporting the rules that al-Shāfiʿī advocates. It seems to be one of the earliest of al-Shāfiʿī’s works. It argues mainly by authority against an undifferentiated Kufan school. It testifies to a time when regional schools were predominant and legal reasoning primitive, also when divisions within Kufa, especially between adherents of raʾy and hadith, were less important than they seemed later. Its argument tends to imply that al-Shāfiʿī’s doctrine is better than the Kufans’ because it is eclectically based on the learning of all centers, suggesting that loyalty to a regional tradition was becoming an embarrassment.","PeriodicalId":55965,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43174449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abū Yūsuf’s Ikhtilāf Abī Ḥanīfa wa-Ibn Abī Laylā and the Transmission of Knowledge in the Formative Period of the Ḥanafī School abu ā Yūsuf的Ikhtilāf abu ā Ḥanīfa wa-Ibn abu ā Laylā与Ḥanafī学派形成时期的知识传播
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2021-09-21 DOI: 10.1163/15685195-BJA10013
Sohail Hanif
{"title":"Abū Yūsuf’s Ikhtilāf Abī Ḥanīfa wa-Ibn Abī Laylā and the Transmission of Knowledge in the Formative Period of the Ḥanafī School","authors":"Sohail Hanif","doi":"10.1163/15685195-BJA10013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-BJA10013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this essay, I address the longstanding debate on attributing legal texts to formative-period authors by focusing on the transmission of one early text: Ikhtilāf Abī Ḥanīfa wa-Ibn Abī Laylā, attributed to Abū Yūsuf (d. 182/798), and its reception by one early jurist: Abū Jaʿfar al-Ṭaḥāwī (d. 321/933). I argue that al-Ṭaḥāwī’s written work attests to the existence of multiple independent transmissions of Abū Yūsuf’s text and that these transmissions confirm the attribution of the text to Abū Yūsuf. I then reflect on the formative-period written materials consulted by al-Ṭaḥāwī and his contemporaries, arguing that their access to material from a period in which oral transmission was predominant gave them a unique standing in the eyes of classical-era jurists. Finally, I reflect on the role of digests (mukhtaṣars), particularly those of al-Ṭaḥāwī and al-Qudūrī (d. 428/1037), in sealing the movement from orality in the formative period to fixed written texts in the classical period.","PeriodicalId":55965,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64582690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Rebelling against the Ruler: Egyptian Youth and Azhari Scholars’ Authority after the 2011 Uprising 反抗统治者:2011年起义后的埃及青年和阿扎里学者的权威
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.1163/15685195-bja10017
Nareman Amin
{"title":"Rebelling against the Ruler: Egyptian Youth and Azhari Scholars’ Authority after the 2011 Uprising","authors":"Nareman Amin","doi":"10.1163/15685195-bja10017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-bja10017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Scholars have investigated statements by Azhari ʿulamāʾ (religious scholars) about the legality of protest in Egypt in 2011 and 2013 and their use of fiqh al-wāqiʿ, a jurisprudential method by which jurists consider social and political realities when issuing legal opinions. These studies focus on Islamic legal theory but do not examine the social implications of the legal. Based on textual analysis of televised statements by ʿulamāʾ and interviews with young Muslim Egyptians, I argue that, although some jurists discouraged the laity from joining the 2011 protests, religious youth were not deterred from protesting. Additionally, laypeople who are not well-versed in Islamic law grew suspicious of the shifting opinions of ʿulamāʾ on the legal status of protest, as happened in 2013. In the aftermath of the 2011 and 2013 movements, the moral capital of several Azhari scholars decreased as did the moral-legal purchase of the fatwās they issued.","PeriodicalId":55965,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48612731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
General Presidency of Scholarly Research and Iftā' 学术研究和Iftā
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.4324/9781003037637-2
E. Yakar
{"title":"General Presidency of Scholarly Research and Iftā'","authors":"E. Yakar","doi":"10.4324/9781003037637-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003037637-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55965,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48452210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Influence of legal and political systems 法律和政治制度的影响
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Islamic Law and Society Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.4324/9781003037637-6
E. Yakar
{"title":"Influence of legal and political systems","authors":"E. Yakar","doi":"10.4324/9781003037637-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003037637-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55965,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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