{"title":"In Search of the Romans: Sir Richard Colt Hoare in Wales","authors":"David B. Stacey","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12936","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12936","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The eighteenth century saw antiquaries taking an increased interest in evidence arising from the Roman occupation of Britain. Sir Richard Colt Hoare explored Wales. From 1793 to 1804, his tours follow in the footsteps of Giraldus de Barri. His journals describing the Welsh tours are known, except for the year 1804. These have recently been uncovered at Stourhead. The 1804 tour was taken ‘[…] with a view to […] exploring the Roman Roads and Stations through the Principality’. Colt Hoare's translation of the <i>The Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin Through Wales<span>, a.d. MCLXXXVIII</span>/by Giraldus de Barri; …</i>, followed in 1806. Comparison of Colt Hoare's journals with his translation of Giraldus' Latin text, which is mostly silent on the Romans, shows how he uses the translation to privilege his observations on Roman Wales.</p>","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 3","pages":"217-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Culture of Curiosity: Science in the Eighteenth-Century Home. By Leonie Hannan. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2023. x + 262 p. £85 (hb). ISBN 978-1-5261-5303-6.","authors":"Brad Scott","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12939","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 2","pages":"210-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Eighteenth-Century Mentor Book","authors":"Laura Blunsden","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12937","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12937","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The modern definition and associations of the word ‘mentor’ — a guide or adviser to a less experienced person — can be traced back to François Fénelon's didactic novel, <i>Les aventures de Télémaque, fils d'Ulysse</i> (1699). The novel was one of the most widely read works of the eighteenth century, but its influence on British didactic literature has received little critical attention. This article explores the development of the mentor book, a subgenre within the guide tradition, which invoked deeply interpersonal and mutually affectionate nature of the mentoring relationship in their titles and personified the text as an adviser of the reader. Fénelon's characterization of the mentor figure was imitated in the mode of instruction and pedagogical strategy of these mentor books, which reflected changing perceptions of the didactic role of print on eighteenth-century society and culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 2","pages":"127-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1754-0208.12937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nobility and the Making of Race in Eighteenth-Century Britain. By Tim McInerney. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 2023. 264 p. £85 (hb). ISBN 978-1-350-34636-9.","authors":"Ross Lowton","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12934","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12934","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 2","pages":"211-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Poetic Community: Colonel David Humphreys' Model Industrial Village","authors":"John R. Mullin, Zenia Kotval","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12933","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12933","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the story of David Humphreys' efforts to plan and develop America's first sustained and successful woollen textile mill and village in the United States beginning in 1806. Informed by the debates over the future economic direction of the new nation, his efforts represented a coalescence of the pro-agricultural thoughts and ideas commonly espoused by the Democratic-Republican Party and the pro-manufacturing positions of Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists. The Humphreysville experiment showed that America could competitively manufacture high-quality woollen goods; factory-based manufacturing could be undertaken in a healthy, safe, and moral community; and agricultural and industrial interests could be combined for the public welfare. Moreover, Humphreysville was intended to be a model village where economic, social, and cultural aspects of the community were just as important as the economic production of cloth. Many of the elements of the social planning found in Humphreysville were later applied in the Slater-Rhode Island and Waltham-Lowell systems of textile mills and settlements throughout the nineteenth century.</p>","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 2","pages":"145-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1754-0208.12933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Gaelic and Indian Origins of the American Revolution: Diversity and Empire in the British Atlantic: 1688–1783. By Samuel Fisher. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2022. 320 p. £36.00 (hb). ISBN 978-0-197-55584-2.","authors":"Ioannes P. Chountis","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12935","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12935","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 2","pages":"206-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Windows on the Womb and Guiding Trains of Light: Figuring the Real in Plate XXVI of William Hunter's Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus","authors":"Susan Bruce","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12923","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12923","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eschewing the symbolic in favour of commitment to the unmediated replication of exactly that which is actually observed, Hunter's attitude to the images in his <i>Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus</i> embraces a juridical ideal of scientific representation: images should tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Contemporary scholars have questioned this appeal to objectivity, maintaining representation always exists inside culture and arguing gender frequently inflects purportedly neutral scientific vision. I extend that debate via a reading of Plate XXVI, which is frequently misunderstood as representing something completely different to what it actually depicts. Its sequence of images, I argue, chart a narrative of enlightenment wherein folk mythologies of the uterus are subdued by the controlling scientific gaze. I also suggest a previously unrecognised correspondence between Plate XXVI and one of the plaster casts of the dissected bodies preserved in the University of Glasgow's Anatomy Museum.</p>","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 2","pages":"159-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1754-0208.12923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sidereal Messages: Print Letters in Restoration Astronomical Writing","authors":"Florian Klaeger","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12926","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Astronomy, a paradigmatic observational discipline of early modern ‘science’, relied on epistolary communication for coordinating practitioners across the world, publishing discoveries and theories, and seeking their confirmation from other virtuosi. Epistolary form ‘travelled’ from an individual exchange between scholars, via the print publication of such letters for the benefit of a wider readership, to the framing of bespoke isagogic textbooks. This article explores the affordances of Restoration printed astronomical letters, contrasting their performance of familiarity between sender and recipient with the public nature of the communication. By reference to letters published in the <i>Philosophical Transactions</i>, individual print letters, and letter-books, including Christiaan Huygens's <i>Cosmotheoros</i>, the article shows how each type utilizes the familiar and the formal aspects of the letter form differently. The print letter emerges as a form uniquely suited for performing individual authority and fashioning an expert community, as well as communicating expert knowledge to non-specialists.</p>","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"59-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1754-0208.12926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Letter-Writing Manual and the Epistolary Novel","authors":"Joe Bray","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12930","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12930","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The relationship between real and fictional letters in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has been the source of much critical debate. Disagreement surrounds the extent to which the increasingly popular genre of the epistolary novel drew on the practices and techniques of actual correspondence. On the one hand are those who see epistolary fiction as developing out of real-life letters, with some literary-stylistic additions. On the other hand are those who reject this teleological approach in favour of one that emphasizes the functional versatility of the letter in the period, and the difficulty, if not impossibility, of drawing a distinction between its real and fictional incarnations. This relationship between real correspondence and epistolary fiction is brought into sharp focus by the genre of the letter-writing manual, which rose sharply in popularity from the last two decades of the seventeenth century onwards. Concentrating on John Hill's <i>The Young Secretary's Guide</i> (1689), Thomas Goodman's <i>The Experience's Secretary</i> (1699), and G. F.'s <i>The Secretary's Guide</i> (1705), in particular, in this article, I suggest that the style of the letter-writing manual from this period can, with caution, be compared with that of the epistolary novel. I pay particular attention to the ways in which letters in these manuals respond to and quote from each other and the often subtle ways in which they thus incorporate different voices. This polyvocality is taken further in Samuel Richardson's manual <i>Familiar Letters</i> (1741), which, as is well known, provided the raw material for his first novel <i>Pamela; or Virtue Rewarded</i> (1741). I demonstrate that some of the stylistic techniques which would prove crucial to the great epistolary novels of the later eighteenth century, including Richardson's, can be found, at least in embryonic form, in the letter-writing manuals of the Restoration period.</p>","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"15-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1754-0208.12930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Democracy's Fatal Flaw: Anonymity and the Normalization of Offence in John Dunton's Epistolary Periodicals","authors":"Helen Berry","doi":"10.1111/1754-0208.12931","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1754-0208.12931","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epistolary periodicals associated with English coffee house culture have often been associated with Jürgen Habermas' model for the rise of the ‘bourgeois public sphere’. Habermas proposed this ultimately gave rise to the free articulation of public opinion and the emergence of democratic values. Written at a time of socio-political upheaval, John Dunton's serial publications relied upon anonymous authorship, particularly his most famous periodical, the <i>Athenian Mercury</i> (1691–97), which pioneered the question-and-answer format and gave rise to many imitations. In the present era, we are witnessing democracy imperilled by the proliferation of AI-driven ‘fake news’. This paper proposes that the origins of this phenomenon may be found in epistolary periodicals which normalized giving and receiving offence in print. The pernicious quality of anonymous print, free from personal accountability or consequences, embedded from its inception a fatal flaw in the project of constituting a democratic public sphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":55946,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"95-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1754-0208.12931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}