Agriculture and Food Security最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the maize and groundnut seed value chains in central and northern Tanzania.","authors":"MacDonald B Jumbo, James Mwololo, Julius Manda, Philip Kamau, Wills Munthali, Patrick Okori, Dan Makumbi, Hapson Mushoriwa, Irmgard Zeledon, M Bekunda, Walter Chivasa, B M Prasanna","doi":"10.1186/s40066-026-00623-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-026-00623-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maize and groundnut are important crops in Tanzania; therefore, understanding their seed value chains (VCs) is critical for improving the seed systems. The study aimed at establishing key components for model maize and groundnut seed VCs by understanding the formal and informal seed VCs to provide relevant recommendations for; improving these value chains, propose interventions that would encourage more investment by seed companies, and improve access to quality seed by farmers. The study used data collected through survey, with a sample size of 252 and 162 seed producing households for maize and groundnut, respectively, conducted using structured questionnaire. VC actors including; seed companies, agricultural research institutions, agrodealers, seed regulatory authority, public seed production agency, extension staff and Ministry of Agriculture, were also interviewed. <i>Porter's value chain</i> approach was applied to analyse the various components of the VC and identify the links between the key nodes and understand their operational functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maize seed producing households were dominated by men (71%) while for groundnut, women (69%) were engaged in seed production. Government agricultural extension services are the main source of information; 30% and 58%, for maize and groundnut, respectively. Seed companies were the main producers of maize seed (51.7%) while for groundnut, public research institutions were the main seed producers. Most of business enterprises were owned by men (83.3%). Compared to maize, the formal seed sector is weak for groundnut in Tanzania, with very few private seed companies being engaged in seed production and supply. Most groundnut seeds are accessed through agrodealers and seed associations that produce quality declared seed (QDS). Community seed banks were recognized as an efficient option for providing improved groundnut varieties to smallholder farmers. There are no prominent seed companies aggressively operating for both crops in central Tanzania. Excessive reliance on farm-saved seed by farmers was identified as one of the major factors negatively affecting the demand for certified seed. Stakeholder analysis of the seed production and supply chain showed that there was poor coordination between key stakeholders involved in the seed VC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides recommendations for strengthening the seed value chains in Tanzania by addressing identified gaps along the VC components. Future studies can build from the outcomes of this study and generate more information, especially on market and different seed systems, as these have great influence on demand and supply of seed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"15 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13633177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition status among adults in the face of household food insecurity: a cross-sectional study in five different regions in senegal.","authors":"Babatunde Owolodun, Sonja Merten","doi":"10.1186/s40066-026-00643-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40066-026-00643-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Household food insecurity remains a critical public health issue in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to undernutrition and overweight. Senegal is undergoing a nutrition transition, with regions experiencing varying degrees of food insecurity and nutritional outcomes. This study examines the association between household food insecurity and adult nutritional status across five ecologically distinct regions of Senegal.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2024 involving 1,965 adults from 1,253 households in Boundou, Bedik/Bandafassi, Senegal River Valley, Lower Casamance, and Dakar regions. Household food insecurity was assessed using the validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, while body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured weight and height. Associations between food insecurity, socioeconomic factors, and BMI categories were analyzed using multilevel ordinal logistic regression with region-stratified analyses conducted to evaluate context-specific relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed significant geographic variation in food security and nutritional outcomes. Over 50% of households in Boundou and Bedik/Bandafassi were severely food insecure, while Lower Casamance had the highest food security levels. Underweight was most prevalent in food-insecure rural regions like Boundou, whereas overweight and obesity were concentrated in urban areas like Dakar and Lower Casamance. Food insecurity was significantly associated with higher BMI in Boundou and overweight in Dakar, supporting the food insecurity-obesity hypothesis. However, no significant association emerged between food insecurity and underweight in the overall model, suggesting that broader ecological and health-related factors may drive undernutrition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlighted the context-specific and regionally differentiated relationships between food insecurity and nutritional status in Senegal. These findings underscore the need for locally tailored, multisectoral interventions that address the dual burden of malnutrition by improving both food access and diet quality.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40066-026-00643-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"15 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pathway from domestic remittances to food security in India: is agriculture a mediator?","authors":"Reshma P Roshania, Regine Haardörfer","doi":"10.1186/s40066-025-00574-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40066-025-00574-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remittances sent from migrants to agricultural origin households can improve food security through market purchases as result of increased income, improved production and consumption of home-produced food enabled by agricultural investments, or a combination of both. These mechanisms have thus far only been hypothesized. Using two waves of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS), we conducted a serial mediation analysis to test how agricultural investments, production, and consumption of home-grown foods mediate the pathway from domestic remittances to food security. Our results demonstrate that there are no differences between remittance and non-remittance receiving households in agricultural expenses or farm income, controlling for land size and other covariates. The total effects of remittances lower food insecurity; however, this is entirely explained by the market pathway, represented by the direct effect of remittances on food insecurity. Our findings challenge the policy narrative that migration lessens production. Policies that emphasize crop diversification to improve food security among rural smallholders must be migration sensitive. For households engaging in migration, policy imperatives include strengthening rural markets, especially for women-headed households, and making healthy foods affordable.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40066-025-00574-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13005802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers' risk attitude, agricultural technology adoption and impacts in Eastern India.","authors":"Vikram Patil, Prakashan Chellattan Veettil","doi":"10.1186/s40066-024-00497-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-024-00497-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Agricultural production is inherently risky, as farmers are exposed to multiple stresses. The adoption of improved agricultural practices could become a key coping strategy to sustain production in such a risky environment. As several technologies are being developed and disseminated along this line, it is important to examine the factors influencing farmers' adoption of these strategies and their impact on productivity. Using survey data of rice growing farmers from eastern states of India, we tested how farmers' risk attitudes influence their decisions to adopt improved agricultural practices and whether the adoption has any influence on rice productivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Risk-seeking farmers are more likely to adopt mechanization, whereas risk-averse farmers are more likely to adopt stress-tolerant rice varieties (STRVs), which represent a low-/no-capital-cost improved technology. Adoption of these improved technologies has resulted in productivity gains. Yet, their overall adoption is (s)low in India and other developing countries, presenting a broader challenge of suboptimal productivity and requiring deeper policy engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adoption of STRVs and mechanization has been found to have positive impact on rice productivity. These two agricultural technologies, as our results reveal, are adopted by two distinct categories of farmers depending on their risk attitude. However, both technologies could play a complementary role increasing and stabilizing rice production of farmers, and that is where scope for policy lies to bridge this gap. Targeted policy measures such as subsidizing the purchase of machineries for establishment of custom hiring centers, implementing effective extension mechanisms, and integrating STRVs in the seed systems to enhance physical and economic access to these technologies, could significantly increase their adoption and consequently improve productivity and income of farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"13 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The significance of goat milk in enhancing nutrition security: a scientiometric evaluation of research studies from 1966 to 2020","authors":"Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro","doi":"10.1186/s40066-023-00441-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-023-00441-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The present study aimed to reveal scientific findings on goat milk as an instrument to combat food and nutrition insecurity, while considering the recurrent challenge posed by food dearth and high rise of hunger among susceptible people of numerous nations. Results A sum of 9206 research outputs were extracted in a BibTeX design for evaluation by means of bibliometric package in R studio software. The generated result included, but not restricted to authors, citations, affiliations, journals and key words. Published research findings on goat milk as related to nutrition security retrieved from web of science (WOS) and Scopus data bases were used with an increase in scientific findings of an annual growth of 14.42% during the period of study. From the result of the study, Spain was rated in first position with a total of publications ( n = 953), and a massive global scientific influence with the highest article citations ( n = 17,035). The most commonly referred authors’ keywords in this research field were goat/s ( n = 1605), milk ( n = 920), dairy goat/s ( n = 372), fatty acid/s ( n = 307), cheese ( n = 251), milk production ( n = 220), milk consumption ( n = 173), which all together gave a hint on associated research studies on goat milk and nutrition security. Conclusions The current study presented a global picture that covers the pool of scientific knowledge on goat milk research and its relevance in nutrition security, while giving a direction for more studies in this research area. It is of utmost importance to stress that the present findings only addressed prime areas of goat milk production as linked to nutrition security research, therefore, it is proposed that novel empirical study and potential research outcomes would give new understanding and insight on goat milk utilization as an avenue to tackle nutrition security issues as new findings emerges.","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":" 26","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic extremes’ resilient livelihoods of rural households in the Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Daniel Assefa Tofu, Mesfin Mengistu Mekuria, Gemechu Shale Ogato","doi":"10.1186/s40066-023-00446-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-023-00446-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is affirmed as a major challenge to global food security in the twenty-first century and a threat to availability of adequate food for the population. This study was conducted to analyze rural households’ vulnerability to climatic extremes, and their resilience capacities in the eastern Ethiopia. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods of data, and analysis to achieve the objectives. While 397 sample households were randomly selected for household survey, key informants and focus group discussion participants were purposively selected. To analyze the quantitative data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed while thematic content analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data. Rainfall variability, increase in local temperature, frequent drought, irregularity in rainfall, and pest infestation were identified as the key climatic extremes in the study area. The findings of the study asserted that rural local households in the study area have very high vulnerability to climatic extremes underpinned by their dependence on rain-fed farming. Reduction in crop yield (93%), and decline in production and productivity of livestock (91%) were confirmed as the major impacts of climatic extremes in the study area. Contrary to very high vulnerability to climatic vulnerability, local farming households’ resilience capacities were confirmed to be very poor. Moreover, the overall resilience capacity index was 0.44, which is below the minimum threshold and underpinned by low absorptive (0.45), low adaptive (0.47), and low transformative (0.4) capacity of farmers. Furthermore, the indexes derived from the five resilience building blocks imply that the level of household resilience is still poor (0.47). The very high vulnerability to extreme climate conditions and the very low livelihood resilience of rural farmers requires integrated strategies to reduce vulnerability and enhance livelihood resilience by governmental and non-governmental organizations. More importantly, it is worth to initiate rural livelihoods diversification and sustainable natural resource conservation, and management strategies. Above all, it is worth to integrate climate-resilient social protection programs into rural poverty reduction policies at national, regional, and local levels to reduce vulnerability, and enhance resilience of rural households in the study area.","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"21 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem services and biodiversity appraisals by means of life cycle tools: state-of-art in agri-food and forestry field","authors":"Cristian Soldati, Anna Irene De Luca, Nathalie Iofrida, Emanuele Spada, Giovanni Gulisano, Giacomo Falcone","doi":"10.1186/s40066-023-00438-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-023-00438-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background In recent years, the importance of ecosystem services (ESs) has been significantly recognized in policy-making processes. The choice of life cycle (LC) methodologies to measure potential impacts, also relative to the changes in the levels of ecosystem services provided by nature, is increasing, but the implementation of ESs in LC approaches does not seem to be widespread, just as there is no comprehensive and exhaustive framework of the directions taken by scientific research in this regard. To explore the state of the art and try to overcome this gap a systematic and critical literature search was conducted for application case studies that evaluate ESs by means of LC tools (Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Costing, and Social Life Cycle Assessment). Using Scopus and WoS databases and PRISMA model, a selection and skimming of the resulting records were carried out based on several criteria such as general criteria, specific criteria related to ESs, and LC methodological criteria. Results In general, the analysis of results showed as ESs uses typical methodological aspects such as the use of the functional unit related and the use of secondary data. Regarding impact categories, the LCIA methods are used also for the assessment of ESs due to the implementation through LCA software such as Simapro or GaBi, to analyse different pressure caused, for example, by land use and land-use change and the assessment of “regulating” ESs. Conclusions Future research advancements should focus on the assessment of cultural and supporting services because, at the actual state, they are very neglected in the literature. Similarly, the implementation of ESs in LC methodologies should provide the inclusion of cause-and-effect relationships that go beyond the environmental services or disservices to understand how and how much the alterations of ESs impact also from an economic and social point of view.","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of conflict on food security: evidence from household data in Ethiopia and Malawi","authors":"James Muriuki, Darren Hudson, Syed Fuad","doi":"10.1186/s40066-023-00447-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-023-00447-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Violent conflicts threaten food security and household welfare in sub-Saharan Africa. While a more robust understanding of the causal relationship between food security and conflict is vital in mitigating food insecurity and bolstering peace prospects, only limited research exists on this topic, especially at the household level where estimations are more empirically challenging given data constraints and identification issues. Our analysis utilizes a newly developed and novel difference-in-differences model developed by de Chaisemartin and D’Haultfoeuille (2020) to determine the causal relationship between violent conflicts and food security in two sub-Saharan African countries—Malawi and Ethiopia using household-level data from the World Bank’s Household Living Standards Measurement Survey. Results Our results suggest that exposure to violent conflict on average decreases the food consumption score (FCS) by 6.84 units, which corresponds to a 16.13% reduction in FCS. With respect to individual countries, Malawi shows the largest effect-size, with the FCS decreasing by 10.54 units (equivalent to a 20.22% reduction in FCS). In Ethiopia, the causal estimate was slightly smaller at − 4.32 (equivalent to a 11.67% reduction in FCS) although the baseline food security status was lower relative to Malawi. Disaggregated analyses show that the effect-size can be several orders of magnitude larger when conflict is experienced simultaneously with natural shocks. Robustness checks using different iterations of propensity score matching generate comparable causal estimates and reinforce the overall findings. Conclusions The findings help improve our understanding of a broader issue by providing new direct and granular evidence regarding the relationship between conflict and food security using household data. The results hold implications for aid and humanitarian efforts to help households facing food insecurity stemming from violence and other factors.","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"21 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability to seasonal food insecurity as an exposure to risk: the case of the Southern Province of Zambia","authors":"Akinori Kitsuki, Takeshi Sakurai","doi":"10.1186/s40066-023-00442-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-023-00442-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Seasonality is an important aspect of food security for subsistence households in developing countries. Among the multidimensional aspects of food security, this paper focuses on how unexpected negative harvest shocks would affect the seasonal food consumption of households. This is particularly important because, with the increasing threat of climate change, the frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts and floods is expected to increase; this would adversely affect crop yields. Methods Given seasonal price changes of staple foods, some households buy them when prices are low and store them for the hunger season (not buy high (NBH) households), while others run out of staple foods before the next harvest and therefore buy them when prices are high (buy high (BH) households). Using three years of weekly household panel data for the Choma and Sinazongwe Districts of the southern province of Zambia, we assess the ability of seasonal consumption smoothing separately for NBH and BH households. Results NBH households successfully smooth their consumption over the 12 months of the crop year. In contrast, BH households, especially for households with few assets, reduce total consumption in response to harvest shocks, just after the harvest and during the “hunger season” just before the next harvest. However, in spite of this, the consumption of staple foods is generally insensitive to harvest shocks. Instead, they reduce consumption only of non-staple food items, such as vegetables and meats. Conclusions Seasonal food insecurity is exacerbated by negative harvest shocks. We emphasize the significance of policies aimed at increasing public awareness of healthier food choices, empowering households to avoid purchasing maize at high prices, and reducing seasonal price disparities.","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"16 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135268390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New evidence in the relationship between trade openness and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Kodjo Théodore Gnedeka, Kwami Ossadzifo Wonyra","doi":"10.1186/s40066-023-00439-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-023-00439-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55858,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"127 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135996091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}