{"title":"Desargues’s and Pappus’s hexagon theorems on translation-type surfaces in Thurston geometries","authors":"Jenő Szirmai","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01325-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01325-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In [35] we generalized the famous Menelaus’ and Ceva’s theorems for translation triangles in each non-constant curvature Thurston geometry. In this paper based on the described method and results, we prove that the classical Desargues’s and Pappus’s hexagon theorems are true not only in classical geometries with constant curvature, but also in Thurston geometries with non-constant curvature on the translation surfaces. In our work we use the unified projective models of Thurston geometries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-026-01325-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solving a nonlinear functional inequality","authors":"Dan M. Dăianu","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01326-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01326-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We solve the inequality </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} left| fleft( x^{2}+yfleft( zright) right) -xfleft( xright) -afleft( yright) zright| le epsilon end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>on some domains in a composition algebra with division <span>(left( A,left| cdot right| right) )</span>, where <span>(f:Arightarrow A)</span> is the unknown, <span>( ane 0)</span> is a fixed central element in <i>A</i> and <span>(epsilon )</span> is a fixed nonnegative number. The results facilitates the expanding of some known Ulam stability theorems in <span>( mathbb {R} )</span> and has as a consequence the following trichotomy: the function <span>( f:Arightarrow A)</span> is either the null function, or <span>(fleft( xright) =ax)</span> for all <span>(xin A)</span>, or </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} underset{left| xright| +left| yright| +left| zright| ge d}{sup }left| fleft( x^{2}+yfleft( zright) right) -xfleft( xright) -afleft( yright) zright| =infty , end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>where <i>d</i> is an arbitrary positive number.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-026-01326-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An interesting property of nonsingular solutions of the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation","authors":"Roksana Słowik","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01328-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01328-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We show that if <i>X</i> is a nonsingular solution of the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation with a nonsingular <i>A</i>, then <i>A</i> and <i>X</i> are similar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-026-01328-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The difference property and higher-order convexity properties of difference operators","authors":"Teresa Rajba, Tomasz Szostok","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01323-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01323-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We prove that the class of delta-<i>n</i>-convex functions has the difference property, which is a generalization of Ger’s result on the difference property of the class of delta-convex functions [7]. Using this generalization, we prove that if for every non-negative number <i>a</i> the difference operator <span>(Delta _af)</span> is <i>n</i>-convex or <i>n</i>-concave, for some function <i>f</i>, then <span>(Delta _af)</span> is <i>n</i>-convex for all <i>a</i> or <i>n</i>-concave for every <i>a</i>. A connection of our results with Wright convexity of higher orders is also presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-026-01323-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Matkowski’s conjecture for weakly associative formal power series","authors":"Amr Zakaria","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01320-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01320-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a recent paper, Matkowski conjectured that every weakly associative two-variable formal power series with non-symmetric linear part must be linear. In this note we disprove that conjecture. More precisely, we show that there exists a countable exceptional set of resonance parameters <span>(mathcal {R}subseteq mathbb {K})</span> so that, for every parameter <span>(ain mathbb {K}setminus mathcal {R})</span> and every prescribed quadratic coefficient <span>(c_2in mathbb {K})</span>, we construct a unique formal power series </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} M(x,y)=y+g(x-y)in mathbb {K}[[x,y]] end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>whose linear part is <span>(ax+(1-a)y)</span> and which satisfies the weak associativity equation </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} M(M(x,y),x)=M(x,M(y,x)). end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>If <span>(c_2ne 0)</span>, then the resulting series is non-linear. We also analyze several resonance cases. We prove that the cases <span>(a=0)</span> and <span>(a=1)</span> are rigid, while the resonance value <span>(a=frac{1}{2})</span> admits only symmetric formal solutions. Moreover, for every real parameter </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} ain (0,1){setminus }(mathcal {R}cup {tfrac{1}{2}}), end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>we obtain a non-linear convergent weakly associative power series with linear part <span>(ax+(1-a)y)</span>, which yields a non-linear real-analytic weakly associative strict mean on a sufficiently small interval. Thus Matkowski’s conjecture fails in the formal category, and the answer to its convergent counterpart is negative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"More generalized Bajraktarević set-valued mean and its Schur-concavity","authors":"Fen Wang, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01313-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01313-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces a new class of means named the more generalized Bajraktarević mean, which extends and unifies several classical means such as the generalized weighted quasi-arithmetic means and the generalized weighted Bajraktarević means. Based on this new definition, we further establish its set-valued extension and present several illustrative examples. Moreover, we derive sufficient conditions that ensure the Schur-concavity of the proposed more generalized Bajraktarević set-valued means.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On orthogonally quadratic mappings for pexiderized equations with an involution","authors":"Mohamed Talla, Driss Zeglami, Mohamed El Fatini","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01319-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01319-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Let <span>(mathcal {M})</span> be an abelian monoid, and <span>(sigma :mathcal {M}rightarrow mathcal {M})</span> be an involution. We denote by <span>(perp _{sigma })</span> an orthogonality relation on <span>(mathcal {M})</span> (defined depending on <span>(sigma )</span>). We describe, in terms of orthogonally additive and orthogonally quadratic functions, the solutions <span>(f,g,h,k:(mathcal {M},perp _{sigma })rightarrow Y)</span> of each of the following conditional functional equations </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} f(x+y)+f(x+sigma (y))= & h(x)+k(y), x,yin mathcal {M}text { with } xperp _{sigma }y, f(x+y)+g(x+sigma (y))= & h(x)+k(y), x,yin mathcal {M}text { with } xperp _{sigma }y, end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>where <i>Y</i> is an abelian uniquely 2-divisible group. Moreover, we present some applications illustrating our findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Complete solution to the inverse Zagreb index problem for graphs with fixed cyclomatic number","authors":"Liju Alex, Anumol Togi, Yilun Shang","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01317-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01317-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The inverse problem of topological indices investigates the existence of a graph whose topological index equals a given integer. In recent years, the inverse topological index problem, particularly that of the Zagreb index, has received increasing attention, especially for special classes of graphs such as trees, unicyclic graphs, and connected graphs. However, existing results rely on case-specific constructions and lack a general framework applicable to broader classes of graphs. In this paper, we address this issue by providing a complete solution and a general framework to solve the inverse Zagreb index problem for graphs with a fixed cyclomatic number <span>(c ge 0)</span> and for all Zagreb indices of order <span>(alpha ge 4)</span>. Our approach establishes a unified method to construct graphs that realize any admissible integer value of the Zagreb index under these conditions. This result generalizes and extends several earlier works and provides a structural foundation for further studies on inverse problems of topological indices.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commuting conjugacy class graphs of finite groups and the Hansen-Vukičevič conjecture","authors":"Shrabani Das, Rajat Kanti Nath, Yilun Shang","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01314-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01314-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we compute the first and second Zagreb indices for the commuting conjugacy class graphs associated with finite groups. We identify multiple classes of finite groups whose commuting conjugacy class graphs are shown to satisfy the Hansen-Vukičević conjecture. Specifically, we prove that the conjecture holds for the commuting conjugacy class graphs of dihedral groups (<span>(D_{2m})</span>), dicyclic groups, semidihedral groups, and various other two-generator groups. Moreover, we examine the case where the quotient <i>G</i>/<i>Z</i>(<i>G</i>) is isomorphic to <span>(D_{2m})</span>, <span>(mathbb {Z}_p times mathbb {Z}_p)</span>, a Frobenius group of order <i>pq</i> or <span>(p^2q)</span>, or any group of order <span>(p^3)</span>, for primes <i>p</i> and <i>q</i>. In each of these cases, we demonstrate that the corresponding commuting conjugacy class graph satisfies the Hansen-Vukičević conjecture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-026-01314-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Essential KKM maps and a Leray–Schauder theory","authors":"Donal O’Regan","doi":"10.1007/s00010-026-01318-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-026-01318-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper using the notions of essential maps and homotopy we establish some new Leray–Schauder type results for a variety of <i>KKM</i> type maps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}