{"title":"YouTube and Root Canal Irrigation Activation: Are We Learning Quality Content?","authors":"Yagmur Kilic, Samet Tosun, Emrah Karataslioglu","doi":"10.1111/aej.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability, and educational value of YouTube videos related to irrigation activation in endodontics. A total of 70 videos were analyzedusing the keyword ‘irrigation activation methods’. Videos were assessed using JAMA, DISCERN and GQS. Additional popularity metrics were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman correlation tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The majority of videos demonstrated low content quality (68.6%, GQS ≤ 2) and weak accuracy (47%, JAMA ≤ 1). Longer videos were associated with higher quality scores, while popularity metrics did not show significant correlations with educational quality. A weak but statistically significant correlation was found between DISCERN and II (<i>r</i> = 0.261, <i>p</i> = 0.029). Positive correlations among JAMA, DISCERN, and GQS confirmed the consistency of these scales. Overall, the findings indicate that the quality of YouTube videos on irrigation activation varies considerably. While video length may enhance content quality by allowing for more comprehensive explanations, popularity indicators are not reliable measures of educational accuracy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"124-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walter Raucci-Neto, Ronaldo Artacho Venter, Antônio Secco Martorano, Victória Gabriela Louzada, Carlos Eduardo Saraiva Miranda, Elias Daniel Covas Rodrigues, Larissa Moreira Spinola de Castro-Raucci
{"title":"Chemical Stability and Bond Strength of Endodontic Sealers Exposed to Acidic, Alkaline and Protein-Rich Environments: An In Vitro Investigation","authors":"Walter Raucci-Neto, Ronaldo Artacho Venter, Antônio Secco Martorano, Victória Gabriela Louzada, Carlos Eduardo Saraiva Miranda, Elias Daniel Covas Rodrigues, Larissa Moreira Spinola de Castro-Raucci","doi":"10.1111/aej.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sealing performance of endodontic sealers may be influenced by environmental factors such as pH and blood-derived proteins. This in vitro study evaluated the effects of pH variation and protein contamination on calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) release and push-out bond strength (BS) of a calcium silicate-based sealer (Bio-C Sealer) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus). Standardised bovine root dentine discs were immersed for 28 days in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 5, 7 or 12, with or without 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Bio-C Sealer showed greater Ca<sup>2+</sup> release and conductivity than AH Plus, with enhanced ion release in acidic and reduced in alkaline pH. Both sealers exhibited decreased BS in non-neutral pH, though Bio-C Sealer was more affected by FBS. These findings suggest that pH and protein exposure significantly alter sealer performance, with bioceramic materials being more sensitive to environmental changes than epoxy resin-based sealers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Different Drying Protocols on the Bond Strength of a Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer","authors":"Gizem Kadı, Esin Özlek, Yousef M. K. Saed","doi":"10.1111/aej.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate how varying levels of dentine moisture affect the push-out bond strength of a bioceramic root canal sealer. Forty-eight root canals were randomly divided into four groups according to drying protocol. Moist group: canals were dried until the last paper point appeared dry, Dry group: 95% ethanol was applied for 10 s, Half-dry group: canals were dried with a single paper point for 5 s, Wet group: canals were left completely flooded. All root canals were obturated with iRoot SP. Root slices were prepared from each sample for push-out testing. The data were statistically analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise comparisons at a significance level of <i>p</i> < 0.05. The dry group had significantly higher bond strength compared to the wet and half-dry groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), although no statistically significant difference was observed between the moist and dry groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145433216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Merve Yeniçeri Özata, Seda Falakaloğlu, Ali Keleş, Özkan Adıgüzel, Sadullah Kaya
{"title":"Micro-CT Evaluation of the Shaping Outcomes of Different Instruments in Oval-Shaped Maxillary Premolar Canals","authors":"Merve Yeniçeri Özata, Seda Falakaloğlu, Ali Keleş, Özkan Adıgüzel, Sadullah Kaya","doi":"10.1111/aej.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated four file systems (WaveOne Gold, Reciproc Blue, ProTaper Next and TruNatomy) for their shaping efficacy in oval-shaped maxillary premolar root canals using micro-CT. Twenty-four extracted premolars, each with two roots, were randomly divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 6 teeth/group) and instrumented following manufacturer guidelines. Pre- and post-instrumentation micro-CT scans were performed. Key parameters analysed included unprepared canal surface area (% Un-PrepCA), changes in canal area and volume (ΔCA, ΔCV and their percentages), canal transportation and centring ability. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. While no significant differences were found in transportation, centring ability or most 3D parameters (ΔCA, ΔCV and ΔSMI), the TRN group exhibited a significantly higher % Un-PrepCA. Conversely, the WOG group achieved a significantly greater % ΔCA compared to TRN and PTN. All systems performed comparably without procedural errors; TRN resulted in the least canal wall contact, while WOG provided the largest prepared canal area.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145433226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Histological Response of Human Pulp to MTA as DPC Agent With LLLT-Split Mouth Randomised Controlled Trial","authors":"M. Shanmuga Priya, Darshan Dakshindas, Manjusha Warhandpande, Akshay Dhobley, Suchitra Gosavi, Aditi Wasule, Dipak Ghatage","doi":"10.1111/aej.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the histological response of human dental pulp to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as a pulp-capping agent, with or without Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT). Thirty-two premolars from 16 patients were treated in a split-mouth design: one side received MTA alone, the other MTA with diode laser-assisted haemostasis and decontamination. After 6 weeks, the teeth were extracted for histological analysis. Results showed that the group with LLLT had a higher incidence of complete dentine bridges (87.5% vs. 68.8%) and thicker bridges (> 0.25 mm: 81.3% vs. 68.8%), though differences were not statistically significant. Inflammation was significantly lower in the LLLT group, with all samples showing moderate inflammation compared to 68.8% in controls, and some severe inflammation cases. Tissue organisation was similar between groups. The study suggests that adding LLLT to MTA reduces pulpal inflammation and promotes more uniform, thicker dentine bridges, indicating improved pulp healing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arian Braido, Walbert de Andrade Vieira, Bruno Cazotti Pereira, Karina Gonzales Silvério, Paulo Henrique Gabriel, Aline Cristine Gomes Matta, Emerson Alves Martins, Adriana de Jesus Soares
{"title":"Effect of Intracanal Medications on the Viability of Human Periodontal Ligament-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells","authors":"Arian Braido, Walbert de Andrade Vieira, Bruno Cazotti Pereira, Karina Gonzales Silvério, Paulo Henrique Gabriel, Aline Cristine Gomes Matta, Emerson Alves Martins, Adriana de Jesus Soares","doi":"10.1111/aej.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This in vitro study evaluated the effects of intracanal medications on the metabolic activity and adhesion of human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tested groups included Control (without medication), Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), Double Antibiotic Paste (DAP), calcium hydroxide with saline, calcium hydroxide with 2% chlorhexidine gel and Bio-C Temp. After conditioning, roots were stored in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C for 21 days. Medications were then removed using 17% EDTA and saline, and dentine samples were used as substrates for cell culture at 3, 5 and 7 days. Metabolic activity was assessed via MTT assay, and adhesion via scanning electron microscopy. None of the medications negatively affected cell viability or adhesion compared to control. TAP showed higher metabolic activity than calcium hydroxide with saline at Day 7. DAP induced earlier cell morphology changes. Bio-C Temp and chlorhexidine gel showed no significant differences at Day 7, confirming overall biocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
So-Mang Lee, Minju Song, Sang Won Kwak, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
{"title":"Laboratory Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of Novel Pre-Mixed Putty-Type Bioceramic Materials","authors":"So-Mang Lee, Minju Song, Sang Won Kwak, Hyeon-Cheol Kim","doi":"10.1111/aej.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to compare the physicochemical properties of EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) Fast and CeraPutty with ProRoot MTA and Biodentine, focusing on setting time, radiopacity, microhardness, and pH. Setting time was measured using a Gilmore-type indenter applied every 5 min until no indentation was observed (<i>n</i> = 15 per group). Radiopacity was assessed via aluminium step wedge, microhardness using Vickers hardness, and pH changes with a digital pH meter. Nonparametric statistical analyses were conducted with a significance level of 95%. Biodentine exhibited the shortest setting time and highest microhardness, while ERRM Fast showed the highest radiopacity. High alkaline pH values were measured for all materials. Within the limitations of this study, the new pre-mixed calcium silicate materials exhibited physicochemical properties comparable to traditionally mixed materials, indicating their potential suitability for endodontic treatments. However, careful selection based on clinical requirements, including handling, setting time, and mechanical properties, is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Relevance of Large Language Models in Endodontics: Diagnostic Appropriateness Based on 50 Simulated Case Scenarios","authors":"Büşra Karaca, Yunus Emre Çakmak, Damla Erkal","doi":"10.1111/aej.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in healthcare, but their performance in endodontic decision-making remains unclear. This study aimed to compare six LLMs in terms of diagnostic appropriateness for endodontic treatment planning. Fifty clinical scenarios were developed and entered into six LLMs (ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-3.5, Claude 4, Copilot, DeepSeek-V3, Gemini 2.5). Two specialists scored responses as appropriate or inappropriate. Repeated measures ANOVA and chi-square tests were used for analysis. Claude showed the highest accuracy (76%), followed by DeepSeek and Gemini. ChatGPT-3.5 had the lowest (40%). Significant differences were found between models (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Performance was better on straightforward cases than on complex scenarios. LLMs vary widely in diagnostic accuracy for endodontic cases. While some models show promise, others may provide confidently incorrect recommendations. Caution and human oversight remain essential until domain-specific, fine-tuned models are developed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"130-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renata Muniz Alvez Cruz, Ana Flávia Almeida Barbosa, Carolina Oliveira de Lima, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Marco Aurélio Versiani, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva, Luciana Moura Sassone
{"title":"Effects of Access Cavity Design on the Shaping Ability and Dentine Thickness Following Canal Preparation Using XP-Endo Shaper or Reciproc","authors":"Renata Muniz Alvez Cruz, Ana Flávia Almeida Barbosa, Carolina Oliveira de Lima, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Marco Aurélio Versiani, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva, Luciana Moura Sassone","doi":"10.1111/aej.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study compared the shaping ability and remaining dentine thickness in mandibular molars prepared with traditional (TradAC) or ultraconservative (UltraAC) access cavities using Reciproc or XP-endo Shaper instruments. Thirty-two molars were scanned with micro-CT before and after preparation to assess canal surface, volume, untouched walls, and dentine thickness. Both access cavity designs showed a significant reduction in dentine thickness after preparation, but no differences were found between TradAC and UltraAC in either mesial or distal roots (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In the distal root, Reciproc produced a greater reduction in dentine thickness compared with XP-endo Shaper (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas shaping ability parameters did not differ significantly between instruments (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Some canals exhibited residual dentine thickness below 0.5 mm, particularly when preoperative thickness was already minimal. Within the limitations of this laboratory study, access cavity design had no influence on dentine preservation, while the choice of instrument affected dentine reduction only in the distal root.</p>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shenghao Qiu, Ziteng Long, Min Chen, Weiwei Wu, Jingzhi Ma, Yuan Gao, Lin Peng
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Endodontically Treated Mandibular Second Molars With Variable Root Morphologies: Endocrown vs. Post-And-Core Crown Restorations","authors":"Shenghao Qiu, Ziteng Long, Min Chen, Weiwei Wu, Jingzhi Ma, Yuan Gao, Lin Peng","doi":"10.1111/aej.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aej.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical impact of root canal anatomical variations and restoration techniques on endodontically treated mandibular second molars using finite element analysis. Five root morphologies were modelled: separated-rooted (S), fused-rooted with V-shaped (F-V), U-shaped (F-U) or Ω-shaped (F-Ω) radicular grooves and single-canal fused-rooted (F-O). Micro-CT scans were performed before and after endodontic instrumentation to generate the finite element models: intact teeth, post-and-core crowns with 2- to 3-mm ferrules and endocrowns with 3- to 4-mm pulp chamber extensions. Under axial/oblique loading, von Mises stress distribution was evaluated. Results showed endocrowns had lower peak stresses than post-and-core crowns in common anatomical variations (S, F-U, F-Ω); F-V showed comparable peak stresses; post-and-core crowns with sufficient ferrule height minimised oblique-load stresses in single-canal teeth (F-O). Pronounced stress concentrations were observed at Ω-shaped groove in post-and-core restored teeth. Comprehensive evaluation of root morphology is critical for optimal restoration planning.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Endodontic Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}