African Journal of Psychiatry最新文献_第10页

Adolescent alcohol use in rural South African high schools. 南非农村高中青少年饮酒情况。

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.44

H Onya, A Tessera, B Myers, A Flisher

{"title":"Adolescent alcohol use in rural South African high schools.","authors":"H Onya, A Tessera, B Myers, A Flisher","doi":"10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.44","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To examine psychosocial correlates of lifetime alcohol use among adolescents in rural South African high schools.Method: Questionnaires were administered to 1600 students from 20 randomly selected high schools in the Mankweng district within Limpopo province. Self-report data on alcohol use, demographic, environmental and psychosocial variables were collected.Results: About 22% of the students had ever used alcohol. Males were 2.4 times more likely to use alcohol than females. For students who attended religious services, the odds of ever having used alcohol were double those of students who did not attend religious services. The fitted logistic regression model shows that gender, age, ever having smoked a cigarette, ever damaged property, walking home alone at night, easy availability of alcohol, thinking alcohol use was wrong, attending religious services and number of friends who used alcohol are the best predictors of alcohol use among high school students in this setting.Conclusion: The results underline the importance of addressing personal, family, peer and school conduct factors as part of alcohol education initiatives. Efforts to prevent alcohol use among rural high school students should focus on changing drinking behaviour and on reducing risk factors for problem drinking.","PeriodicalId":55549,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"15 5","pages":"352-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30962034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

A preliminary investigation of the AUDIT and DUDIT in comparison to biomarkers for alcohol and drug use among HIV-infected clinic attendees in Cape Town, South Africa. 审计和DUDIT的初步调查比较酒精和药物使用的生物标志物在南非开普敦艾滋病毒感染的诊所参加者。

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.43

R Kader, S Seedat, J R Koch, C D Parry

{"title":"A preliminary investigation of the AUDIT and DUDIT in comparison to biomarkers for alcohol and drug use among HIV-infected clinic attendees in Cape Town, South Africa.","authors":"R Kader, S Seedat, J R Koch, C D Parry","doi":"10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.43","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: There is growing concern about the effect of substance use on HIV treatment outcomes. The study objectives included: (i) evaluating whether the use of validated questionnaires (AUDIT and DUDIT) provide useful and consistent information of alcohol and drug consumption when compared with the use of biomarkers of alcohol in (urine and hair) and drugs in (urine) and (ii) assessing the feasibility of using self-report measures compared with urine and hair tests.Method: Participants were HIV positive patients attending an HIV community health clinic in Kraaifontein, Cape Town. Hair and urine samples were collected and analysed for alcohol, in Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) and in Ethyl Glucuronide and (EtG), and drugs. Biological markers were compared with self-report measures of alcohol and drug consumption in terms of sensitivity, specificity. Forty-three participants completed the self-report measures, while 30 provided hair and urine samples.Results: On the AUDIT, 18 (41.9%) participants screened positive for harmful and hazardous drinking and 13 (30.2%) participants on the DUDIT screened positive for having a drug-related problem. Two of 30 participants (7%) tested positive for alcohol abuse on FAEE analysis. For EtG, 6 of 24 (25%) participants tested positive for alcohol abuse. On hair drug analysis, all 30 participants tested negative for cannabis, amphetamines, opiates, cocaine, PCP and methaqualone. On the urinalysis, 1 of 30 participants tested positive for cannabis and everyone tested negative for all other drugs included in the screening.Conclusion: Substance use among patients attending HIV clinics appears to be a problem, especially alcohol. Self-report measures seem to be a more cost effective option for screening of alcohol and drug abuse in resource poor settings.","PeriodicalId":55549,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"15 5","pages":"346-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30962033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

The prostitution of psychiatry: some are shameless, others are just easy. 精神病学的卖淫:有些是无耻的，有些是简单的。

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.38

S Kaliski

引用次数: 0

A telepsychiatry model to support psychiatric outreach in the public sector in South Africa. 支持南非公共部门精神病外展的远程精神病学模式。

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.34

J Chipps, S Ramlall, M Mars

{"title":"A telepsychiatry model to support psychiatric outreach in the public sector in South Africa.","authors":"J Chipps, S Ramlall, M Mars","doi":"10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.34","url":null,"abstract":"The access of rural Mental Health Care Users in South Africa to specialist psychiatrists and quality mental health care is currently sub-optimal. Health professionals and planners working in psychiatry lack a well-defined and feasible outreach model to facilitate the delivery of services to remote and rural areas. In response to this challenge, a three-year action research telepsychiatry study was undertaken by the Departments of Psychiatry and TeleHealth at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, to develop a telepsychiatry outreach model based on local research and international evidence. The Model draws on needs and infrastructure assessments of the designated psychiatric hospitals in the province, a review of the published international evidence on telepsychiatry and videoconference-based education, and an evaluation of local clinical and educational telepsychiatry implementations in KwaZulu-Natal. The Model proposed is \"virtual\", i.e. not bound to provincial or district referral patterns, aims not to add to the burden on the current workforce and is intended to be integrated into psychiatry outreach services and policy. The Model should be subjected to in situ testing for validation and implementation. It is hoped that an implementation of this Model will improve the access of Mental Health Care Users to specialist psychiatry care.","PeriodicalId":55549,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"15 4","pages":"264-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30787365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Forensic telepsychiatry: a possible solution for South Africa? 法医远程精神病学:南非可能的解决方案?

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.31

M Mars, S Ramlall, S Kaliski

{"title":"Forensic telepsychiatry: a possible solution for South Africa?","authors":"M Mars, S Ramlall, S Kaliski","doi":"10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.31","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: South Africa has a shortage of facilities and psychiatrists to assess adjudicative competence of prisoners awaiting assessment under sections 77 to 79 of the Criminal Procedures Act of 1977. Various solutions have been proposed by the Department of Health. The recent linking of a Magistrate's court and a prison by videoconferencing offers the opportunity to implement a forensic telepsychiatry service. The literature on forensic telepsychiatry for assessment of adjudicative competence was reviewed.Method: The electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl and Google Scholar were searched for papers on forensic telepsychiatry. The inclusion criterion was papers reporting the use of videoconferencing for assessment of adjudicative competence or for assessment for referral out of the judicial system, by psychiatrists or psychologists.Results: 411 papers were found of which 13, published between 1997 and 2008 were relevant. The use of videoconferencing for forensic psychiatric assessment was reported from four countries. The courts in those jurisdictions have accepted the use of videoconferencing for assessment and no successful appeals have been mounted on the basis of the use of videoconferencing for assessment. User satisfaction has not been reported for assessing adjudicative competence. Forensic telepsychiatry has been found to be cost effective, improve access to scarce specialist skills and reduce transport of prisoners under guard to hospitals or psychiatrists to prisons.Conclusion: There is nothing in the literature to suggest that a forensic telepsychiatry service is not feasible in South Africa and a pilot project is being planned.","PeriodicalId":55549,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"15 4","pages":"244-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30786907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Videoconference-based education for psychiatry registrars at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省大学精神病学登记员的视频会议教育。

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.32

J Chipps, S Ramlall, M Mars

{"title":"Videoconference-based education for psychiatry registrars at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.","authors":"J Chipps, S Ramlall, M Mars","doi":"10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.32","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Psychiatry registrars form the backbone of specialized psychiatric service provision in South Africa. Medical schools are centralized while clinical services need to be widespread and accessible. Video-conferencing has the potential to link registrars at satellite hospitals with academic centers. The study thus evaluated of the use of videoconferencing in a Psychiatry Education Program delivered via videoconferencing.Method: To evaluate the implementation of the videoconference-based psychiatry registrar program, a pre- and post evaluative design was used. This involved all registrars in the 2008 and 2009 academic education program at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Access to education, satisfaction, suitability and costs of the psychiatry registrar education were studied.Results: In the evaluation of the Registrar Program, general satisfaction with the videoconferencing program was reported, though concerns were expressed about the level of interaction using this mode, the quality of the transmitted pictures of the anatomy specimens and the quality of the sound. Access to education was improved with potential cost savings identified.Conclusion: Well supported and planned videoconference-based teaching is a feasible, cost-effective and acceptable method of supporting registrars at sites distant from academic centers.","PeriodicalId":55549,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"15 4","pages":"248-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.32","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30786908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Agoraphobia -- the risk of untreated panic disorder. Panic Awareness Day, 10 July 2012. 广场恐惧症——未经治疗的恐慌症的风险。2012年7月10日，提高恐慌意识日。

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-07-01

Dessy Tzoneva

引用次数: 0

Practice guidelines for videoconference-based telepsychiatry in South Africa. 南非基于视频会议的远程精神病学实践指南。

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.35

J Chipps, S Ramlall, M Mars

引用次数: 20

Zoophilic recidivism in schizophrenia: a case report. 精神分裂症患者嗜兽再犯一例。

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.28

G Amoo, O Abayomio, A A Olashore

引用次数: 6

Developing telepsychiatry services in KwaZulu-Natal -- an action research study. 在夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省发展远程精神病学服务——一项行动研究。

African Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.33

J Chipps, S Ramlall, T Madigoe, H King, M Mars

{"title":"Developing telepsychiatry services in KwaZulu-Natal -- an action research study.","authors":"J Chipps, S Ramlall, T Madigoe, H King, M Mars","doi":"10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.33","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In 2009, the Departments of Psychiatry and Telehealth of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) initiated a three year project to develop telepsychiatry services in KwaZulu-Natal. This paper describes the challenges and opportunities of this project.Method: This was a collaborative, in situ health service project and an action research framework was adopted. Over the three years, following a needs assessment and an e-health Readiness Assessment, two action research cycles were completed. Cycle 1: The preparation, implementation and evaluation of educational material, technical requirements and clinical guidelines and clinical support materials. Cycle 2: Preparation and evaluation of educational and clinical outreach sessions.Results: Videoconference education sessions were beneficial to health staff without post-qualification psychiatry training. A flexible format for education improved knowledge outcomes. Clinical sessions are feasible, but require administration and technical support for facilitation. With facilitator training, 128Kbps is a suitable bandwidth for education but 384Kbps is preferred for clinical consultation.Conclusion: Telepsychiatry offers tremendous potential to facilitate the three strategies suggested by the World Psychiatric Association to address the treatment gap, save time and costs and improve access to the small pool of specialist psychiatrists in resource constrained environments.","PeriodicalId":55549,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"15 4","pages":"255-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ajpsy.v15i4.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30786909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16