Applied Acoustics最新文献

{"title":"Prediction of road noise reduction using transfer path analysis with virtual spring","authors":"Uyeup Park ,&nbsp;Kyoung-Uk Nam ,&nbsp;Yeon June Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional transfer path analysis (TPA) can derive a response at the receiver and the contribution for each transfer path of the initial base system, however, when the dynamic stiffness of the system is modified, conventional TPA cannot predict the response. In this study, a method combining conventional TPA and a virtual spring is proposed, which predicts the altered frequency response functions (FRFs), operational force, and response at the receiver when the dynamic stiffness of the system is artificially modified. The proposed method was validated through numerical simulation. Simulations were conducted by increasing the stiffness of the active and passive parts of a model resembling an actual vehicle in various cases. The proposed method successfully predicted FRFs, operational forces, and interior noise for all stiffness-modified cases. Following this, the method was experimentally validated through a dynamometer test focusing on actual road noise phenomena. The reduced interior noise was predicted by applying a virtual spring to the vehicle body. Subsequently, the predicted results were compared with measured values obtained by attaching an additional substructure to enhance the dynamic stiffness of the passive part. Notably, the proposed method accurately and virtually predicted the reduced interior noise. This method is expected to overcome the limitations of conventional TPA and augment its utility by expanding its scope of analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of ROSI + CLEAN-SC algorithm on the measurement of rotating blade noise and its control","authors":"Jianhai Ye,&nbsp;Yong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stationary noise sources are localized by the conventional beamforming technique and then by the inverse convolution method to achieve high spatial resolution. As for rotating noise sources, stationary beamforming produces a tail-dragging effect due to the non-stationary nature of the source location. As a time-domain de-Doppler method, the rotating source identifier (ROSI) algorithm achieves an accurate localization of rotating sources. However, its spatial resolution still needs improvements at low and medium frequency bands. This paper applies the CLEAN based on source coherence (CLEAN-SC) algorithm to the ROSI algorithm by extending the time-domain ROSI to the frequency domain and using eigenvalue decomposition to reorganize the ROSI output into cross-spectral matrices (CSMs) and steering vectors (SVs). The effectiveness and applicability of the ROSI + CLEAN-SC algorithm are verified through numerical simulations and experiments on the localization of rotating point noise sources. Finally, this algorithm is applied to measure the rotating blade noise and its control through three different blade modifications, further demonstrating the ability of the ROSI + CLEAN-SC algorithm on real experimental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic assessment of four music rehearsal rooms in accordance with ISO23591 standard","authors":"Konca Şaher ,&nbsp;Yalın Özgencil ,&nbsp;Solmaz Khoshkholghi","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing rehearsal room acoustics is crucial for musicians to perceive sound, pitch, and frequency variations. Since the introduction of the international standard ISO 23591 Acoustic quality criteria for music rehearsal rooms and spaces, research in the field of music rehearsal rooms has significantly intensified. However, relatively few have adopted an approach that integrates both objective measurements and subjective user evaluations, particularly in rehearsal rooms for quiet-category instruments. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and improve the acoustical conditions of four Turkish rehearsal rooms for quiet-category instruments using measurements, simulations, and musician surveys. A survey conducted in the first phase revealed that musicians rated the efficiency, satisfaction, and frequency balance of four rehearsal rooms as bad to fair. Efficiency of rehearsals showed a strong correlation with frequency balance (R² = 0.72 for low-to-mid; R² = 0.76 for high-to-mid). Strong correlations (R² = 0.93) were found between calculated and perceived low-to-mid frequency balance, while high-to-mid frequency balance showed weaker correlations (R² = 0.36), suggesting possible sensitivity to low-frequency issues; though this did not consistently align with user satisfaction, indicating that additional perceptual factors play a role. Acoustic measurements show that existing reverberation time (RT_mid) values for all rooms fall outside recommended limits. The measured rehearsal rooms were modeled, calibrated, and 36 acoustic models were developed with three alternative designs to improve acoustics within recommended limits. Then musicians from these rooms assessed 36 acoustic models through listening tests based on auralizations. Listening tests showed a preference for models with RT_mid values within the recommended range, aligning subjective and objective assessments. After the RT_mid value, effect of low-to-mid frequency balance was important in the choice of rooms for musicians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A discriminator-free adversarial network for bearing fault diagnosis under unseen operating conditions","authors":"Junjie Yu ,&nbsp;Yonghua Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenjie Wang ,&nbsp;Hongkui Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhuoqi Shi ,&nbsp;Zhilin Dong ,&nbsp;Chao Tang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Sun ,&nbsp;Weidong Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rolling bearings are critical to rotating machinery, contributing to nearly 40% of equipment failures and resulting in substantial economic losses. Domain adaptation methods have shown promise in rolling bearing fault diagnosis. However, their reliance on prior target-domain data limits effectiveness under variable, real-world operating conditions. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a novel domain adversarial generalization network. First, a novel data augmentation method is introduced, which generates new training samples from various operating conditions. This enhances data diversity and smooths the data distribution. Second, a multi-channel feature extractor is designed to capture domain-invariant features from multiple perspectives, improving the model's robustness. Additionally, a label smoothing regularization strategy is incorporated to mitigate overfitting, and a new <span><math><mi>L</mi><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></math></span>-norm is applied for domain discrepancy calculation. This optimizes the efficiency of feature alignment and eliminates the need for additional discriminators. Extensive experiments are conducted on three datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves superior performance under various operating conditions, especially in scenarios with significant data distribution differences. These findings highlight the model's potential for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Installation effects on axial fans: Combined aeroacoustic and psychoacoustic perspective","authors":"Michail Vourakis ,&nbsp;Elias Zea ,&nbsp;Mikael Karlsson ,&nbsp;Niklas Andersson ,&nbsp;Sassan Etemad","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-speed axial fans for engineering cooling applications are often operating in the vicinity of humans. Over the last decades, an effort to mitigate fan noise has been observed. Novel fan designs with substantial noise abatement and little to no expense on aerodynamic performance have been achieved. However, the case of unfavorable installation conditions, namely fans immersed in non-ideal inlet flows, still complicates the optimization of fan designs with regard to acoustic performance. In this study, the acoustic performance alteration of a low-speed axial fan with a rotating ring is documented. Different inlet geometries are tested, while the fan aerodynamic performance is also monitored. The acoustic performance of the fan, including sound power and sound quality metrics, is discussed for three operating points. Furthermore, a parallel fan setup is tested to study the emergence of acoustic interference. Results show marginal gains in aerodynamic performance for elongated inlet geometries. On the contrary, acoustic performance and sound quality are negatively affected, particularly at high loading. Moreover, the inlet configuration with an elongated straight duct demonstrates weak coupling to loading conditions concerning sound power and roughness. An overall consistent scaling of aerodynamic and acoustic performance is observed for the parallel fan system when compared to the single fan case, irrespective of inlet geometry. Sound quality estimates of two incoherent sound sources agree well with measured values of the parallel fan system, apart from fluctuation strength, which is overestimated at stall conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical model of time-varying underwater acoustic channel in a shallow water using local scattering function","authors":"Biao Liu ,&nbsp;Ning Jia ,&nbsp;Jianchun Huang ,&nbsp;Biao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering assumption is not applicable to underwater acoustic channels. For the local time-frequency (TF) features of underwater acoustic channels, this paper studied a refined statistical model for the local TF root mean square (RMS) delay and Doppler shift at different frequencies based on the local scattering function (LSF). We presented a discrete form of the LSF with time- and frequency-domain sliding, which was then used to analyze the local characteristics of underwater acoustic channels and obtain the TF RMS delay and Doppler shift. Based on the measured channels under shallow-water conditions, the TF RMS delay and Doppler shift were characterized using the Gaussian mixture (GM) and Burr distributions, respectively. When deep or shallow fading occurs in a certain frequency range, the expectation, variance, and weighting factor of the GM distribution fluctuate notably, indicating complex multipath scattering. As the frequency increases, the scale parameter and first shape parameter of the Burr distribution reflect the gradual dispersion of the TF RMS Doppler shift.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-axis spectrum attention network: A robust model for underwater acoustic signal denoising","authors":"Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuan Xie ,&nbsp;Jiawei Ren ,&nbsp;Wenchao Wang ,&nbsp;Ji Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of underwater acoustics, analyzing underwater targets through acoustic signals constitutes a critical task. However, the complex and diverse marine environments lead to sparse distribution of target-related discriminative patterns within acoustic signals, thereby constraining the construction of accurate acoustic systems. To effectively analyze target-radiated noise features in such environments, denoising methods based on attention mechanisms have become increasingly prominent. In this work, the Dual-Axis Spectrum Attention Network (DASANet) is proposed as a denoising model that applies an encoder-decoder structure. Based on the characteristics of underwater target-radiated noise in the temporal and frequency domains, DASANet integrates a Temporal and Frequency Axes Self-Attention (TFASA) module in the encoder to enhance narrowband line spectra and periodic modulation features that reflect mechanical operations and propeller structures. To further recover spectral details, the decoder incorporates Gated Cross-Attention (GCA) modules, dynamically capturing and refining target-related representations. DASANet was thoroughly evaluated on the Shipsear dataset, demonstrating superior performance with 11.43 dB improvement in signal-to-distortion ratio and 8.85 dB increase in scale-invariant signal-to-noise ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical modelling of coiled-channel type metamaterials design","authors":"Ying Li,&nbsp;Xiaoru Qiao,&nbsp;Sheng Wei,&nbsp;Yat Sze Choy","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancement in acoustic metamaterials hold great promise for creating highly effective sound absorbers. Due to the compact nature of these metamaterials, precise manufacturing is crucial to achieving optimal absorption peaks. Therefore, it is essential to develop more reliable and accurate models to predict the acoustic properties of metamaterials, ensuring their precise configuration. This study presents a comprehensive theoretical model incorporating acoustic modal superposition and couplings for the design of coiled-channel type metamaterials (CCTMs). By utilizing this two-dimensional approach, our model accurately predicts the acoustic performance and peak frequencies, including higher-order peak frequencies of CCTMs. This model surpasses traditional methods relying on calculating the acoustic impedance based on empirical estimation of effective propagation length and plane wave assumptions. Additionally, we introduce a novel coiled-type metamaterial with strategically placed perforations, achieving wide and adjustable absorption band, particularly in the low-frequency regime. Comparative analysis with traditional CCTMs demonstrates that our design outperforms them in terms of acoustic properties and compact configurations. Furthermore, we explore configurations with dual coiled-type metamaterials of varying lengths arranged to enhance broadband sound absorption. Finally, experimental investigations validate the sound absorption performance of these configurations, highlighting the potential of our theoretical model in advancing acoustic metamaterial design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FSformer: Sparsely and effectively learning key features for multi-channel speech enhancement","authors":"Shiyun Xu,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhang,&nbsp;Yinghan Cao,&nbsp;Zehua Zhang,&nbsp;Changjun He,&nbsp;Mingjiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noise and reverberation can significantly degrade the quality and intelligibility of speech. Therefore, multi-channel speech enhancement models that effectively leverage spatial information have garnered widespread attention. The Transformer architecture has demonstrated impressive performance in multi-channel speech enhancement. However, the redundant features extracted by the self-attention mechanism hinder the network's ability to capture local characteristics, resulting in the loss of speech details. To address the aforementioned issues, we propose the fused sparse transformer (FSformer) to assist the network in learning key features sparsely and effectively. We introduce the fused sparse self-attention (FSSA) module, which selects only the top-<em>k</em> features with the highest contribution scores when computing the self-attention map and employs a fusion strategy to adaptively retain the most valuable features. Furthermore, the local feature refinement extractor (L-FRE) and global feature refinement extractor (G-FRE) are introduced in FSSA to enhance the interaction between global and local features. Additionally, we propose the partial gated feed-forward network (GPFN), which utilizes partial convolution to further enhance the feature extraction capability of the network and employs the gating mechanism to reduce redundancy within channels, thereby compensating for the shortcomings of FSSA. The experimental results indicate that FSformer demonstrates a significant advantage in terms of speech enhancement performance, effectively and naturally improving speech quality and intelligibility, thereby providing a pleasant experience for listeners. Specifically, on the spatialized DNS dataset, FSformer achieves PESQ, STOI, and SI-SDR scores of 3.40, 0.952, and 10.9, respectively. FSformer also demonstrates exceptional performance in suppressing noise and reverberation across various levels of noise and reverberation environments. In the test set containing noise and reverberation, FSformer achieves a PESQ score of 3.41, a STOI score of 0.959, a SI-SDR score of 10.9, a DNSMOS score of 3.525, a CD of 2.527, a LLR of 0.27, and a SNR<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>w</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of 13.434. Furthermore, FSformer demonstrates superior generalization capabilities, achieving a DNSMOS of 3.163, a MOS<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>.</mo><mn>808</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> of 3.762, and an NISQA of 3.779 on real datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of advertising stimulus according to consumer’s sound information acceptance characteristics: neuroscientific quantification of emotion prediction","authors":"Jooho Kim ,&nbsp;Eunjeong Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals interpret advertising messages differently, resulting in varied emotional evaluations. However, the association between music and color—shaped by both personal experiences and cultural contexts—tends to appear consistent and robust. Emotions elicited by audiovisual stimuli, such as those in television commercials, function as non-verbal cues in marketing communication. Therefore, investigating the effectiveness of advertisements through unconscious emotional responses to the correspondence between music and color provides meaningful insights into information delivery strategies.</div><div>This study examines consumer attention, cognitive engagement, and affective responses—particularly comfort—using electroencephalography (EEG) to assess brain activity triggered by music–color congruence. The findings suggest that EEG-based emotional analysis can contribute to the development of predictive systems for managing emotional responses in multimedia marketing content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}