Applied Ergonomics最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive workload classification of law enforcement officers using physiological responses","authors":"David Wozniak,&nbsp;Maryam Zahabi","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of death for law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the U.S. LEOs and more specifically novice LEOs (nLEOs) are susceptible to high cognitive workload while driving which can lead to fatal MVCs. The objective of this study was to develop a machine learning algorithm (MLA) that can estimate cognitive workload of LEOs while performing secondary tasks in a patrol vehicle. A ride-along study was conducted with 24 nLEOs. Participants performed their normal patrol operations while their physiological responses such as heartrate, eye movement, and galvanic skin response were recorded using unobtrusive devices. Findings suggested that the random forest algorithm could predict cognitive workload with relatively high accuracy (&gt;70%) given that it was entirely reliant on physiological signals. The developed MLA can be used to develop adaptive in-vehicle technology based on real-time estimation of cognitive workload, which can reduce the risk of MVCs in police operations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of phishing knowledge, cue utilization, and decision styles in phishing email detection","authors":"Daniel Sturman ,&nbsp;Elliot A. Bell ,&nbsp;Jaime C. Auton ,&nbsp;Georgia R. Breakey ,&nbsp;Mark W. Wiggins","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the roles of phishing knowledge, cue utilization, and decision styles in contributing to phishing email detection. Participants (<em>N</em> = 145) completed an online email sorting task, and measures of phishing knowledge, email decision styles, cue utilization, and email security awareness. Cue utilization was the only factor that uniquely predicted the capacity to discriminate phishing from genuine emails. Phishing knowledge was associated with greater phishing detection and a bias towards classifying all emails as phishing. A preference for intuitive decision making predicted lower detection of phishing emails, driven by a greater tendency to classify emails as genuine. These findings support the proposition that cue utilization is a distinct cognitive process that enables expert performance. The outcomes indicate that, in addition to increasing phishing knowledge and developing safe behavioral patterns, anti-phishing training needs to provide opportunities for trainees to develop meaningful cue associations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687024000863/pdfft?md5=33585251109a9dc65e75390e64382e39&pid=1-s2.0-S0003687024000863-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal biological effects of correlated colour temperature and its exposure timing on alertness, cognition, and mood in an enclosed environment","authors":"YanJie Li ,&nbsp;WeiNing Fang ,&nbsp;HanZhao Qiu ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Yu ,&nbsp;WenLi Dong ,&nbsp;Zhe Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artificial lighting, which profits from the non-visual effects of light, is a potentially promising solution to support residents’ psychophysiological health and performance at specific times of the day in enclosed environments. However, few studies have investigated the non-visual effects of daytime correlated colour temperature (CCT) and its exposure timing on human alertness, cognition, and mood. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects are largely unknown. The current study evaluated the effects of daytime CCT and its exposure timing on markers of subjective experience, cognitive performance, and cerebral activity in a simulated enclosed environment. Forty-two participants participated a single-blind laboratory study with a 4 within (CCT: 4000 K vs. 6500 K vs. 8500 K vs. 12,000 K) × 2 between (exposure timing: morning vs. afternoon) mixed design. The results showed time of the day dependent benefits of the daytime CCT on subjective experience, vigilant attention, response inhibition, working memory, emotional perception, and risk decisions. The results of the electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed that lower-frequency EEG bands, including theta, alpha, and alpha-theta, were quite sensitive to daytime CCT intervention, which provides a valuable reference for trying to establish the underlying mechanisms that support the performance-enhancement effects of exposure to CCT in the daytime. However, the results revealed no consistent intervention pattern across these measurements. Therefore, future studies should consider personalised optimisation of daytime CCT for different cognitive demands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive health measures in small and medium-sized enterprises: A scoping review on implementation strategies","authors":"Thomas Röben ,&nbsp;Sandra van Oostrom ,&nbsp;Friederike Benning ,&nbsp;Denise Smit ,&nbsp;Karin Proper","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To describe implementation strategies for preventive health measures in SMEs and the effectiveness of the strategies on implementation outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A literature search was performed in multiple electronic databases. Studies published between 2000 and 2021 that evaluated the implementation of preventive health measures in SMEs were included. Classification of implementation strategies was based on two complementary classification systems.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nineteen studies, of which 5 RCTs were included. Eighteen distinct implementation strategies were reported. All studies applied a combination of implementation strategies, and nearly all reported a positive effect on one or more implementation outcomes: sustainability, acceptability, feasibility, penetration, fidelity, adoption, and appropriateness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, a positive effect of combined implementation strategies on the implementation outcome(s) was found. The ‘distribution of educational materials’ and ‘provide ongoing consultation’ combined show positive effects on sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687024000802/pdfft?md5=a799666d13dbe469224af0a8dce663a3&pid=1-s2.0-S0003687024000802-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-cobot collaboration's impact on success, time completion, errors, workload, gestures and acceptability during an assembly task","authors":"Étienne Fournier ,&nbsp;Christine Jeoffrion ,&nbsp;Belal Hmedan ,&nbsp;Damien Pellier ,&nbsp;Humbert Fiorino ,&nbsp;Aurélie Landry","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 5.0 industry promotes collaborative robots (cobots). This research studies the impacts of cobot collaboration using an experimental setup. 120 participants realized a simple and a complex assembly task. 50% collaborated with another human (H/H) and 50% with a cobot (H/C). The workload and the acceptability of the cobotic collaboration were measured. Working with a cobot decreases the effect of the task complexity on the human workload and on the output quality. However, it increases the time completion and the number of gestures (while decreasing their frequency). The H/C couples have a higher chance of success but they take more time and more gestures to realize the task. The results of this research could help developers and stakeholders to understand the impacts of implementing a cobot in production chains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a passive military exoskeleton in off-loading weight during static and dynamic load carriage: A randomised cross-over study","authors":"Pui Wah Kong ,&nbsp;Ang Hong Koh ,&nbsp;Mei Yee Mavis Ho ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nur Shahril Iskandar ,&nbsp;Cheryl Xue Er Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Load carriage imposes high physical stresses on the human body, increasing the risk of injuries. This study assessed the effectiveness of a passive military exoskeleton in off-loading the weight placed on the body during heavy load carriage under static standing and dynamic walking conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eight full-time regular personnel of the Singapore Armed Forces enrolled in the study. Static loading tests included nine trials of 10-s quiet standing while carrying different loads (0–55 kg) with and without the exoskeleton. For dynamic loading, participants walked on a treadmill on flat, inclined, and declined surfaces while carrying two different loads (25 kg, 35 kg) with and without the exoskeleton. In-shoe normal ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded during quiet standing and treadmill walking. Differences in total force with and without the exoskeleton during static loading were compared using Wilcoxon one-sample signed ranked tests against zero (no weight off-load) as a reference. Statistical parametric mapping test was used to compare the walking in-shoe GRF-time series with and without exoskeleton use for each load and surface condition.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Exoskeleton use was effective in off-loading loads of 2.3–13.5 kg during static quiet standing but the response varied substantially across loads and among the participants. Statistical analysis revealed no meaningful differences in the walking in-shoe GRF with and without exoskeleton use. The results were largely consistent across flat, inclined, and declined surfaces, and both 25-kg and 35-kg loads.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The passive military exoskeleton was effective in off-loading some load from the human body during static quiet standing but not dynamic walking on flat and sloped surfaces. The varied response across loads and participants calls for better design and fitting of the military exoskeleton to individual users.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140822218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing digital patient experiences: The digital health design framework","authors":"Tingting Wang ,&nbsp;Haiou Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuxian Qian ,&nbsp;Guido Giunti ,&nbsp;Richard Goossens ,&nbsp;Marijke Melles","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Digital health (DH) brings considerable benefits, but it comes with potential risks. Human Factors (HF) play a critical role in providing high-quality and acceptable DH solutions. Consultation with designers is crucial for reflecting on and improving current DH design practices.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We investigated the general DH design processes, challenges, and corresponding strategies that can improve the digital patient experience (PEx).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A semi-structured interview study with 24 design professionals. All audio recordings were transcribed, deidentified, grammatically corrected, and imported into ATLAS.ti for data analysis. Three coders participated in data coding following the thematic analysis approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified eight DH design stages and grouped them into four phases: preparation, problem-thinking, problem-solving, and implementation. The analysis presented twelve design challenges associated with contextual, practical, managerial, and commercial aspects that can hinder the design process. We identified eight common strategies used by respondents to tackle these challenges.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We propose a Digital Health Design (DHD) framework to improve the digital PEx. It provides an overview of design deliverables, activities, stakeholders, challenges, and corresponding strategies for each design stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687024000668/pdfft?md5=aa52ee8dfdb1e8e0a3f70d342fef1cc9&pid=1-s2.0-S0003687024000668-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140813225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating pedestrian walking speed at street crossings using the YOLOv4 and deep SORT algorithms: Proof of principle","authors":"Hamed Ghomashchi ,&nbsp;Jakson Paterson ,&nbsp;Alison C. Novak ,&nbsp;Tilak Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is evidence that existing standards for signal timing do not provide enough time for many pedestrians to safely cross intersections. Yet, current methods for studying this problem rely on inefficient manual observations. The objective of this work was to determine if the YOLOv4 and Deep SORT computer vision algorithms have the potential to be incorporated into automated measurement systems to measure and compare pedestrian walking speeds at one-stage and two-stage street crossings captured in birds-eye-view video. Walking speed was estimated for 1018 pedestrians at single-stage (591 pedestrians) and two-stage (427 pedestrians) street crossings. Pedestrians in the one-stage crossing were found to be significantly slower than pedestrians who crossed the two-stage crossing in one signal (<em>1.19 ± 0.50 vs. 1.31 ± 0.</em>49 m/s<em>, p &lt; 0.001</em>). This proof of principle study demonstrated that the YOLOv4 and Deep SORT approaches are promising for estimating pedestrian walking speed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687024000693/pdfft?md5=fb145fb1c5e98b5270b08ddbbe8af82f&pid=1-s2.0-S0003687024000693-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140650846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User experience with ultrawide curved displays: A mixed methods analysis","authors":"Kaitlin M. Gallagher ,&nbsp;Anita Vasavada ,&nbsp;Gary Austin","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the trend of replacing dual displays with ultrawide (UW) curved displays, we used a mixed methods analysis to investigate the user experience with UW curved displays. We conducted an experimental laboratory study that quantified user self-selected positions for three displays – 24 in. flat panel, and 34 in. and 40 in. UW curved displays. Participants were first provided with a familiarization protocol, and they then positioned the display. The self-selected UW display viewing distances were within current recommendations; however, viewing distance increased with display size, potentially challenging small work surface depths and may have been in response to feeling “overwhelmed” by larger displays. Head twist range of motion increased with display width. While all displays were within recommendations, participants commented that less head twisting was a factor in choosing the 34 in. over the 40 in. display. Practitioners should assess potential workstation limitations and the potential impact on neck twist angles when installing ultrawide displays.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of digital technologies on resilient performance: Contributions, drawbacks, and a research agenda","authors":"Tarcisio Abreu Saurin ,&nbsp;Riccardo Patriarca ,&nbsp;Sudeep Hegde ,&nbsp;Mike Rayo","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing use of digital technologies (DTs) has a myriad of implications to socio-technical systems, which are not yet fully recognised. This paper investigates the contributions and drawbacks of DTs to resilient performance (RP), an aspect that so far has received less attention in comparison to others such as efficiency. To this end, a survey questionnaire was applied to 79 academics and practitioners linked to resilience engineering. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis of the open-text responses to the survey. Mixed impacts were identified, with 10 themes related to contributions and 16 to drawbacks. Regarding the contributions, the results highlighted the use of DTs for monitoring and anticipating system performance. Machine learning seems to be the most promising approach for this purpose. A key drawback is the need for developing new skills across the workforce so that they can make sense of the outputs of DTs and are aware of their strengths and weaknesses. The human role is expected to remain crucial for RP, which makes the current coordination difficulties with DTs even more important to address. A research agenda composed of five topics is proposed, encompassing description, prescription, and assessment. The agenda emphasizes the need for mapping the attributes or functionalities of DTs onto resilience concepts, models, and frameworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}