Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of blood and productive parameters in mid-lactation dairy cows fed different diets: replacement of corn silage with triticale silage","authors":"L. Giuliotti, M. Benvenuti, A. Martini, P. Accorsi, C. Lotti, A. Cappucci, G. Conte","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-223-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-223-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Corn crops require large amounts of resources that affect the environmental sustainability of dairy cow farming systems. The aim of the study was thus to investigate the effects of the replacement of corn silage (CS) with triticale silage (TS) by evaluating blood and productive parameters. The study lasted 7 weeks and involved two groups of 20 Italian Holstein Friesian dairy cows that were homogeneous in terms of parity ( 3±1.5 ), days in milk (DIM) ( 150±85.0 ), and daily milk production ( 26±4.6  kg). Chemical analysis of feeds was carried out weekly. Dry-matter intake was estimated daily. At the beginning and end of the trial, haematological, metabolic, and immunological parameters were analysed. At the same, time body weight and body condition score were measured. Milk characteristics were also analysed weekly. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA on data of the second sampling, and a non-parametric test was performed to analyse BCS. Regarding the haematological parameters in the two groups, only lymphocyte values were not in the normal range (2.86 and 2.50×109  L for CS and TS, respectively). Metabolic parameters were in the normal range except for blood ureic nitrogen (BUN; 13.65 and 14.04  mgdL-1 ), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs; 21.40 and 31.93  µmolL-1 ), and Cl (91.99 and 93.50  mmolL-1 ). Hair cortisol was low (0.94 and 0.91  pgmg-1 ), indicating the absence of stress signs, as confirmed by the results of other immunological parameters (serum lysozyme (SL), bactericidal activity (SBA), haptoglobin (HP), and oxygen free radicals (OFRs)). Statistical differences were not found either for haematological or biochemical parameters. The total replacement of CS with TS did not affect milk yield and composition. In conclusion, the replacement of CS by TS did not give rise to significant modifications in the parameters investigated and did not alter the health status of the animals, thus suggesting the feasibility of its introduction into the diet of mid-lactation dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"223 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41625058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status quo of genetic improvement in local goats: a review","authors":"G. Torres-Hernández, J. Maldonado-Jáquez, L. D. Granados-Rivera, Homero Salinas-González, G. Castillo-Hernández","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-207-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-207-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review aims to summarize and synthesize the fragmented information available on the genetic improvement of local goats (criollo, indigenous, native) on the American and other continents, where populations with these goats have an important role in food security and the economy of rural communities, as well as in conservation of biodiversity and productivity improvement. Topics such as the current state of goat production globally, conservation programs, resistance to parasites and diseases, use of phenotypical characteristics and genomic information, and molecular markers for genetic improvement are addressed. The main challenges, opportunities, and limitations described in recent literature concerning local goats in the immediate future are discussed.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"207 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49343238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of stocking density on slaughter performance and some meat quality parameters of Pekin ducks","authors":"Sabri Arda Eratalar, N. Okur, A. Yaman","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-199-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-199-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of stocking density on slaughter performance and meat quality were primarily investigated in this research. A total of 240 Pekin ducks were used, and they were reared until slaughter age (42 d) in three different stocking density groups (three, five and seven ducklings m -2 ). To compare the slaughter performance of the ducklings' live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight and yield, and edible giblet weight (heart, liver and gizzard) were investigated. The meat quality was compared between the treatment groups based on dry matter ratio, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, pH values, and colour parameters ( L , a , b , c , h and ΔE values). Carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight were found to decrease in parallel to the increasing stocking density, resulting in a reduction in thigh and breast meat weights and ratios ( P<0.05 ). Increasing the stocking density decreased the heart weight and positively improved the liver and gizzard ratio ( P<0.05 ). However, it did not affect the meat quality parameters investigated in this research ( P<0.05 ). The breast meat of the ducks reared under higher stocking density had higher L , h and ΔE values, lower a value ( P<0.05 ), and similar b and c values ( P<0.05 ). Evaluating the overall research findings, it was concluded that increased stocking density when rearing ducks negatively affects the slaughter performance, affecting only breast meat colour and weight of thigh meat with skin in investigated meat quality parameters.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"199 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48641523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance, carcass yield and characteristics, meat quality, serum biochemistry, jejunal histomorphometry, oxidative stability of liver and breast muscle, and immune response of broiler chickens fed natural antioxidant alone or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis","authors":"U. Ahsan, S. Adabi, Özge Sayın Özdemir, Ö. Sevim, O. Tatlı, E. Kuter, Ö. Cengiz","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-183-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-183-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, oxidative stability of liver and breast meat, and immune response were evaluated in broiler chickens fed supplemental phytogenic feed additive (PFA) alone or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis. Three experimental groups – control, PFA (60 mg kg -1 ), and PFA (60 mg kg -1 )  +  0.5 mg kg -1 B. licheniformis (1.6  ×  10 12  cfu g -1 ), each consisting of 5 replicates – were established with 20 one-day-old chickens per replicate (300 birds in total). Growth performance, carcass yield and characteristics, and meat quality remained unaffected. However, supplemental PFA and PFA  +  B. licheniformis improved the serum biochemistry and jejunal histomorphometry of broiler chickens ( P<0.05 ). PFA and PFA  +  B. licheniformis groups had lower thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) in liver, and freeze–thaw breast meat after 30, 60, and 90 d of storage ( P<0.05 ). PFA and PFA  +  B. licheniformis supplementation lowered the carbonyl group in fresh and stored breast meat ( P<0.05 ). Antibody titer against infectious bursal disease virus was higher in the PFA  +  B. licheniformis group than the control group ( P<0.05 ). It can be concluded that PFA or PFA  +  B. licheniformis in broiler diets improves the health, oxidative stability of liver and breast meat, and immune response of broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"183 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47745976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of restrictive measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the extensive farming system of small ruminants","authors":"M. Yiakoulaki, Eleni T Tsiobani, Christina-Ioanna G. Galliou, K. Papaspyropoulos","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-157-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-157-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vigorous restrictive measures were imposed worldwide to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the effects those measures had on livestock production systems have not yet been sufficiently clarified. The literature has focused mainly on the impact of COVID-19 on the intensive livestock production system, especially the meat and milk supply chain, as well as the welfare of animals, highlighting its fragility, but failed to address the way the restrictive measures affected the extensive farming system of small ruminants. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the restrictive measures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the parameters of sheep and goat extensive farming systems. We used a survey and personal interviews to record the breeders' profile and the structural characteristics of the holdings, and we showed that the restrictive measures had no effect on the parameters of small ruminant extensive farming systems, except for the daily work routine of breeders, which was negatively affected in holdings with a high number of sheep. We expect this study to be helpful to policy makers regarding formulating interventions for the resilience and the stability of the sheep and goat extensive farming system in future situations of emergency.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"157 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49053391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism in prolactin and its receptor with productive and body conformation traits in Liaoning cashmere goats","authors":"Yanzhi Wu, Yu Zhang, Yuting Qin, Wei Cai, Xinjiang Zhang, Yanan Xu, Xingtang Dou, Zhanhong Wang, Di Han, Jiaming Wang, Guangyu Lin, Lingling Wang, Jianjun Hao, Shuqing Fu, Rui Chen, Ying Sun, Zhi-chuan Bai, Ming Gu, Zeying Wang","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-145-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-145-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of this study showed that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites of the PRL and PRLR genes have a certain association with the milk production performance, body size and cashmere performance of Liaoning cashmere goats (LCGs). Through our designed experiment, the potential SNPs of LCG were detected by sequence alignment, and two SNPs were found on two genes. The CC genotype of the PRL gene is the dominant genotype among the three genotypes. The GG genotype of the PRLR gene is the dominant genotype among the two genotypes. At the same time, the two genotypes also have good performance in cashmere production and body size. Through the screening of haplotype combination, the milk fat rate >  7.6 %, the milk protein rate >  5.6 %, the milk somatic cell number <  1500  ×  10 3  mL -1 , the cashmere fineness <  15.75  µ m, the chest girth >  105 cm, the chest depth >  33 cm, and the waist height >  67.5 cm are considered as screening indexes for comprehensive production performance of Liaoning cashmere goats. It is concluded that the GCGC type is the dominant haplotype combination. According to our research data, we found that the biological indicators of Liaoning cashmere goat milk are higher than the national standards, so we think it is very significant to study the milk production performance of our experiment. Further research can be done on goat milk production and body conformation traits around PRL gene and PRLR gene.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"145 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41406412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term administration of a commercial supplement enriched with bioactive compounds does not affect feed intake, health status, and growth performances in beef cattle","authors":"M. Simoni, A. Goi, E. Pellattiero, A. Mavrommatis, E. Tsiplakou, F. Righi, M. De Marchi, C. Manuelian","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-135-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-135-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Feed additives including natural bioactive compounds (BCs) in combination with vitamin E (VitE) and organic Se could mitigate animal stress associated with intensive livestock farming due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Yeast and yeast derivate are included in feed additives as probiotic products and digestion promoters. Scutellaria baicalensis is a source of bioactive compounds and has been tested in monogastrics, exhibiting many immunostimulating and hepato-protective activities. However, the literature lacks information regarding S. baicalensis effects on beef cattle performance and health status. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact on beef cattle's feed intake, health and oxidative status, and growth performances of the inclusion of a commercial supplement (CS) containing VitE, organic Se, yeast derivate, and S. baicalensis extract during the fattening and finishing period. A total of 143 Charolaise male cattle were allotted into 12 pens of 11–12 animals each and assigned to a control ( 463.9±21.48 body weight – BW) or a treated ( 469.8±17.91  BW) group. Each group included two replicates of three pens. The treated groups were supplemented with 20  gCSanimal-1d-1 . Feed intake was measured monthly on a pen base during two consecutive days. Total mixed ration and fecal samples were collected at three time points (monthly, from November to February) and pooled by replicate for the analyses to monitor digestibility. Blood samples were individually collected at the beginning and at the end of the trial for oxidative status and metabolic profile determination. Final BW and carcass weight were individually recorded to calculate average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass yield. Similar feed digestibility between groups were observed during the whole experiment. Feed intake, growth performances, final body weight, average daily gain, feed conversion rate, oxidative status, and metabolic profile were not affected by the dietary inclusion of the tested CS indicating no detrimental effect of the treatment. Different doses of this product should be tested in the future in order to provide a more complete report on the product efficacy.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"135 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48759132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationships between κ-casein (CSN3) gene polymorphism and some performance traits in Simmental cattle","authors":"Hamiye Ünal, S. Kopuzlu","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-129-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-129-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study we aim to examine genotypic structures in terms of the κ -casein (CSN3) gene locus in 70 head of Simmental cattle raised in a private enterprise in Erzurum to determine the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies in cattle in terms of related genes and to correlate the determined genotypes with some performance characteristics. CSN3/HinfI gene polymorphisms were identified in DNA isolated from blood samples taken from Simmental cattle used in the study using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The frequency of the AA, AB, and BB genotype of the CSN3 gene in the population was 57.14 %, 32.86 %, and 10.00 %, respectively; the frequency of the A allele was 0.74; and the frequency of the B allele was 0.26. The mean value for the AA, AB, and BB genotypes was 5151  ±  308.6, 5805  ±  370.3, and 5772  ±  547.3 kg for real milk yield, respectively; 5313  ±  233.9, 5784  ±  280.7, and 6458  ±  414.8 kg in 305 d for milk yield; 17.9  ±  0.75, 18.6  ±  0.89, and 19.6  ±  1.32 kg for daily milk yield; and 294  ±  13.7, 316  ±  16.5, and 294  ±  24.4 d during the lactation period. The distribution of the CSN3 gene locus in the studied population is in genetic equilibrium according to the Hardy–Weinberg principle. The genotype and allele frequencies determined in terms of CSN3 gene polymorphism can be considered sufficient to reveal the genotype diversity of the breed, and it was determined that the relationship of CSN3 genotypes was only significant with 305 d milk yield ( P<0.05 ) in terms of the association between CSN3 genotypes and some performance traits. It has been concluded that animals with the CSN3 BB genotype have an economic advantage within the herd and that CSN3 can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in this regard.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"129 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44932635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of different models for estimation of direct and maternal genetic parameters on body weights in Awassi sheep","authors":"H. Hızlı, Ç. Takma, E. Yazgan","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-121-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-121-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study was conducted to estimate the (co)variance components for birth and weaning weight (BW and WW) in 8142 Awassi sheep between 2015 and 2017. Estimates were calculated with single-trait analysis by the average information restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) method, using a derivative-free algorithm by fitting six different univariate animal models. The negative of the log-likelihood function (LogL), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) tests were used for selecting the best fitted model. In addition, the goodness of fit between the two models was compared with the likelihood ratio test (LRT). Depending on the models, ha2 and hm2 ranged from 0.230 to 0.240 and 0.015 to 0.033 for BW, and 0.108 to 0.168 and 0.024 to 0.081 for WW, respectively. Model 3 for BW and Model 2 for WW were chosen as the best models by LogL comparison criteria. According to the LRT ratio test Model 2, Model 3, and Model 4 for BW and Model 2, Model 3, Model 4, Model 5, and Model 6 for WW were significant ( p<0.05 ). Including maternal genetic or maternal permanent environmental effects in these models was found to be significant in terms of parameter estimates.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"121 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46052385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of dystocia at piglet level in cloprostenol-induced farrowings and associated risk factors","authors":"N. H. Nam, P. Sukon","doi":"10.5194/aab-65-97-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-97-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Few studies have investigated risk factors for dystocia in swine, although this birthing abnormality can compromise welfare of both sows and piglets by increasing stillbirth rate and decreasing sow productivity. This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with dystocia at piglet level in cloprostenol-induced farrowings. A dystocia event was recorded when a birth interval exceeded 45  min or when manual extraction was applied. Data were collected from 898 piglets born from 77 Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows, which were induced for farrowing on day 114 of gestation. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to evaluate the association between dystocia and parity, gestation length, litter size, relative birth order (RBO (%)  =  100  ⋅  birth order/litter size), birth weight, crown rump length, body mass index, ponderal index, piglet's sex, use of oxytocin, and stillbirth. Sows nested in farrowing batches were fitted as random factors in GLMMs. Incidence of dystocia at piglet and farrowing levels was 11.0 % and 75.3 %, respectively. The final multivariate model explained 20.1 % variation of dystocia. RBO had a quadratic effect on dystocia in which incidence of dystocia decreased from RBO  ≤  40 % to RBO  =  60 %–70 %, and then increased to the end of parturition. Piglets with birth weight >  1700  g and stillborn piglets had higher odds of dystocia in comparison with piglets with a birth weight of 900–1700  g (OR  =  2.63; 95 % CI  =  1.66–4.18) and live-born piglets (OR  =  2.62; 95 % CI  =  1.12–6.15), respectively. This study indicates that dystocia is very common in cloprostenol-induced farrowings and suggests that the last one-third of parturitions is the most important stage to be supervised, and selection for homogenous litters and moderate high birth weight may reduce the rate of dystocia.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"65 1","pages":"97 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}