Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding最新文献

{"title":"Polymorphism analysis and expression patterns of the <i>IGF1</i> gene in the Shitou goose.","authors":"Jun Tang,&nbsp;Mao Guo,&nbsp;Jing Fu,&nbsp;Hongjia Ouyang,&nbsp;Yunbo Tian,&nbsp;Xu Shen,&nbsp;Yunmao Huang","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-315-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-315-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin-like growth factor 1 (<i>IGF1</i>) is one of the endocrine hormones that plays an important role in regulating growth and development of animals. In this study, polymorphism in the 5 <math><msup><mi></mi> <mo>'</mo></msup> </math> UTR and 3 <math><msup><mi></mi> <mo>'</mo></msup> </math> UTR coding region and of the <i>IGF1</i> gene was detected by DNA sequencing technology, and the abundance of <i>IGF1</i> mRNA in various tissues at three growth stages of the Shitou goose was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, the differential expression of <i>IGF1</i> in various tissues between the Shitou goose and Wuzong goose was revealed. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the exon3 region of <i>IGF1</i> in the Shitou goose. <i>IGF1</i> mRNA was extensively expressed in various tissues of Shitou geese with high abundant expression in the liver, breast muscle and leg muscle at three growth stages. <i>IGF1</i> mRNA expression showed a trend of first increase and then decrease in the pituitary, liver, subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat tissues, but it decreased in the breast muscle and leg muscle of a Shitou goose with growing age. Expression of <i>IGF1</i> in the liver, leg muscle and pituitary tissues of the Shitou goose was significantly higher than that of the Wuzong goose. This provides a foundation for further study of regulatory mechanisms of <i>IGF1</i> in the growth and development of geese.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"315-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8320522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39272515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality traits and fatty acid composition in meat of Hair Goat and Saanen  ×  Hair Goat (G₁) crossbred kids fattened in different systems.","authors":"Hacer Tüfekci,&nbsp;Mustafa Olfaz","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-305-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-305-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, meat quality traits and fatty acid compositions of Hair Goat and Saanen  <math><mo>×</mo></math>  Hair Goat ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ) crossbred kids fattened under intensive, semi-intensive and extensive conditions were determined. For meat quality traits, differences in <math> <mrow><msub><mi>pH</mi> <mrow><mn>24</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mi>h</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> , <math> <mrow><msub><mi>pH</mi> <mrow><mn>45</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mi>min</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> , drip loss, water holding capacity, cooking loss and Warner-Bratzler peak shear force values of the experimental groups were not found to be significant. According to colour measurements at the 0th and 45th minute, the extensive fattening group of Hair Goat kids had greater lightness ( <math> <mrow><msup><mi>L</mi> <mo>∗</mo></msup> </mrow> </math> ) values and the intensive fattening group of Hair Goat kids had greater redness ( <math> <mrow><msup><mi>a</mi> <mo>∗</mo></msup> </mrow> </math> ) values. For intensive, semi-intensive and extensive fattening groups of Hair Goat kids, total saturated fatty acid contents of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples were respectively measured as 19.28 %, 23.75 % and 23.35 %. Total monounsaturated fatty acid contents were respectively measured as 67.30 %, 66.22 % and 65.72 %. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were respectively measured as 5.46 %, 3.06 % and 3.16 % and conjugate linoleic acid contents were respectively measured as 0.48 %, 0.55 % and 0.65 %. For intensive, semi-intensive and extensive fattening groups of Saanen  <math><mo>×</mo></math>  Hair Goat ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ) kids, total saturated fatty acid contents of LD muscle samples were respectively measured as 21.01 %; 21.98 %, 19.10 %; total monounsaturated fatty acid contents were respectively measured as 64.04 %, 64.33 %, 52.44 %. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were respectively measured as 3.53 %, 4.89 % and 4.84 % and conjugate linoleic acid contents were respectively measured as 0.52 %, 0.58 % and 0.73 %. It was concluded that the extensive fattening group had greater conjugated linoleic acid contents than the other fattening groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"305-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8320521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39272514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analysis of lifetime productivity traits in goats.","authors":"Marie-Rosa Wolber,&nbsp;Henning Hamann,&nbsp;Pera Herold","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-293-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-293-2021","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of the development of a breeding programme for dairy goats to support sustainable production in organic farming, the overall aim of the present study was to identify traits that can be used as selection criteria for lifetime productivity. The breeding goal is high lifetime productivity with a good milk composition and a good level of robustness in the animals, especially within grazing systems. The lifetime productivity traits analysed in this study were the length of the animal's productive life (LPL), the lifetime efficiency (LEF), and the animal's milk yield efficiency with respect the total number of lactating days (EDM); the average fat and protein content over the animal's lifetime, the fat-to-protein ratio (FPR), and the urea content (UC) were also included as indirect health traits and potential indicators of robustness in dairy goats. The traits' influencing factors, phenotypic and genetic correlations, and heritability were examined. Furthermore, factors influencing milk yield in the first 120 d of lactation during the animal's first lactation were analysed. The aim of investigating milk yield during the first lactation was to consider a connection between early performance recoding in the life of an animal and LPL, LEF, and EDM. In total, lactation and pedigree data from 9192 dairy goats of the common German Fawn (GF) and German White (GW) dairy breeds were used. Prerequisites were that the investigated birth cohorts had to have definitively completed their lifetime production, and a high proportion of goats had to have completed extended lactation. The data analysis showed that breed did not influence milk yield. The age at first kidding, the average number of kids born during the animal's lifetime, and the lactation length did influence the milk yield. This applies to the milk yield during the first 120 d of the first lactation as well as over the lifetime of an animal. Considering the influencing factors, the results showed that LPL was genetically and positively correlated with LEF and EDM ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.65&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.06&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.29&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.07&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; respectively). The heritability of LPL, LEF, and EDM was &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.22&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.02&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.29&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.03&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.44&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.03&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; respectively. Regarding the lifetime milk composition, the heritability of protein and fat content, FPR, and UC was &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.63&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.02&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.52&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.02&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.32&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.03&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.47&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.04&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; respectively. The heritability regarding the milk yield during the first 120 d of the first lactation was &lt;m","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"293-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8283518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Tibetan pig lung tissue in response to a hypoxic environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.","authors":"Yanan Yang,&nbsp;Caixia Gao,&nbsp;Tianliang Yang,&nbsp;Yuzhu Sha,&nbsp;Yuan Cai,&nbsp;Xinrong Wang,&nbsp;Qiaoli Yang,&nbsp;Chengze Liu,&nbsp;Biao Wang,&nbsp;Shengguo Zhao","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-283-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-283-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To adapt to the plateau environment, Tibetan pigs' lungs have developed a unique physiological mechanism during evolution. The vascular corrosion casting technique and scanning electron microscopy were used to understand arterial architecture. Blood physiological index and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used for assessing whether the lung can regulate the body through anatomical, physiological and molecular mechanisms to adapt to hypoxic environments. Our study showed that the lungs of Tibetan pigs were heavier and wider and that the pulmonary arteries were thicker and branched and had a denser vascular network than those of Landrace pigs. The hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values of high-altitude pigs were significantly higher than those of low-altitude pigs. The expression levels of <i>HIF</i>- <i>1</i> <math><mi>α</mi></math> , <i>EPAS1</i>, <i>EPO</i> and <i>VEGF</i>, but not those of <i>eNOS</i>and <i>EGLN1</i>, were significantly higher in the lungs of high-altitude pigs than in those from pigs at a lower altitude ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mi><</mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). These findings and a comprehensive analysis help elucidate the pulmonary mechanism of hypoxic adaptation in pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 1","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8253108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39163340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of palm bran (<i>Nopalea cochenillifera</i> (L.) Salm-Dyck) in partial replacement of concentrate in maintenance equine diets - a pilot study.","authors":"Paula Gomes Rodrigues,&nbsp;Diana Silva Maynard Garcez,&nbsp;Camilla Mendonça Silva,&nbsp;Camilla Cristina Santos Santana,&nbsp;Juliana Caroline Santos Santana,&nbsp;Claudia da Costa Lopes,&nbsp;Evandro Neves Muniz,&nbsp;Gregório Murilo de Oliveira Júnior,&nbsp;Raquel Silva de Moura,&nbsp;José Camisão de Souza","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-273-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-273-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forage palm is extremely suitable as animal fodder due to its high tolerance to the climatic rigors of the semiarid region and its ability to withstand the harsh physical-chemical limitations of poor soils. Thus, in this study, the effects of the partial replacement (0 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 % replacement) of a molasses- or oat-based commercial concentrate with forage palm bran (FPB) on the acceptability, apparent digestibility and glycemic response of horses at maintenance were evaluated. The ratio of concentrate to roughage (Tifton 85 hay) was <math><mrow><mn>30</mn> <mo>:</mo> <mn>70</mn></mrow> </math> , and the dry matter (DM) intake was 2 % of body weight (BW). For the preference test, 10 barren Mangalarga Marchador mares were used. The experimental diets were offered simultaneously to determine the consumption preference and the intake ratio. For the digestibility test, four mixed-breed geldings were used and were distributed in a Latin square experimental design ( <math><mrow><mn>4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>4</mn></mrow> </math> ). For the glycemic response, blood samples were collected 30 min before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min after supplying the feed. The preference test indicated that feed containing 0 % and 5 % FPB was preferred by the animals. Nutrient digestibility coefficients did not differ among the experimental diets. Blood glucose was lower at 180 min in the 7.42 % FPB inclusion diet ( <math> <mrow><msup><mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.97</mn></mrow> </math> ); this was estimated using the following equation: <math><mrow><mi>Y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>115.05</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2.75</mn> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.19</mn> <msup><mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> </mrow> </math> . It is concluded that the incorporation of up to 15 % of forage palm bran as a substitute for concentrate in the maintenance diet tested did not negatively influence feed intake, nutrient digestibility or glycemic index; however, inclusion values above 5 % reduced diet acceptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 1","pages":"273-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8223016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39122816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of sterigmatocystin exposure in cattle by difructose anhydride III feed supplementation and detection of urinary sterigmatocystin and serum amyloid A concentrations.","authors":"Naoya Sasazaki,&nbsp;Seiich Uno,&nbsp;Emiko Kokushi,&nbsp;Katsuki Toda,&nbsp;Hiroshi Hasunuma,&nbsp;Daisaku Matsumoto,&nbsp;Ayaka Miyashita,&nbsp;Osamu Yamato,&nbsp;Hiroaki Okawa,&nbsp;Masayuki Ohtani,&nbsp;Johanna Fink-Gremmels,&nbsp;Masayasu Taniguchi,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Takagi","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-257-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-257-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the effects of supplementing cattle feed with difructose anhydride III (DFA III) by measuring urinary sterigmatocystin (STC) concentrations using 20 Japanese Black cattle aged 9-10 months from one herd. DFA III was supplemented for 2 weeks for 10 animals, and non-treated animals served as controls. The natural STC concentration in the dietary feed was 0.06  <math><mrow><mi>mg</mi> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mi>kg</mi> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> (mixture of roughage and concentrate) at the beginning of the study (Day 0). The urine STC concentration was measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry 1 d prior to DFA III administration, 9 and 14 d thereafter, and 9 d following supplementation cessation, concomitant with the measurement of serum amyloid A (SAA). The number of heifers in which STC was detected in the urine was low (10 %) in the DFA III group compared to that (60 %) in the control group on Day 9. After 9 d following supplementation cessation (Day 23), STC concentrations were significantly lower ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.032</mn></mrow> </math> ) in the DFA III group than in the control group, although there was no difference in the number of heifers in which urinary STC was detected or in SAA concentrations between the two groups. Our findings demonstrate the effect of DFA III on reducing the urinary concentration of STC in Japanese Black cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 1","pages":"257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8223015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39122814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of the in vitro fertilization and embryo development using frozen-thawed spermatozoa of microminipigs.","authors":"Zhao Namula, Yasuhiro Isumi, Yoko Sato, Quynh Anh Le, Qingyi Lin, Koki Takebayashi, Maki Hirata, Fuminori Tanihara, Chommanart Thongkittidilok, Takeshige Otoi","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-265-2021","DOIUrl":"10.5194/aab-64-265-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare the quality and the penetration ability of frozen-thawed spermatozoa from three microminipigs and Large White boars and to evaluate the effects of caffeine and heparin as well as the sperm-oocyte co-incubation length on the fertilization and embryonic development in vitro. Results showed that the fertilization rates of spermatozoa from three microminipig boars were significantly lower than those of a Large White boar. In the post-thaw spermatozoa from one of three microminipig boars, the sperm quality, penetration ability, and the oocyte development after in vitro fertilization were significantly lower than those of the spermatozoa from other boars. The caffeine supplementation in the fertilization media increased the rates of fertilization and blastocyst formation for the microminipig spermatozoa with low sperm quality. In addition to caffeine supplementation, the rates of fertilization and blastocyst formation after using microminipig spermatozoa were significantly higher with a 10 h sperm-oocyte co-incubation than with 3 h of co-incubation length. Our results indicate that the differences between the males and the breed influence the quality and fertility of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. In conclusion, the presence of caffeine in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) medium and adequate length of sperm-oocyte co-incubation may have beneficial effects for improving IVF results when using microminipig spermatozoa with low quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 1","pages":"265-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8223014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39122815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in bovine leptin gene affects milk fatty acid composition in New Zealand Holstein Friesian  ×  Jersey dairy cows.","authors":"Ishaku Lemu Haruna,&nbsp;Huitong Zhou,&nbsp;Jon G H Hickford","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-245-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-245-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptin is a protein hormone secreted from white adipose tissue. It regulates food/feed intake, body weight, immune function and reproduction. In our investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification coupled with single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to reveal variation in bovine leptin gene (<i>LEP</i>) in New Zealand (NZ) Holstein Friesian  <math><mo>×</mo></math>  Jersey (HF  <math><mo>×</mo></math>  J) dairy cows. Subsequent sequence analysis of a 430 bp amplicon spanning the entirety of exon 3 and part of the intron 2 region revealed three variant sequences ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> , <math> <mrow><msub><mi>B</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> and <math> <mrow><msub><mi>C</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ) containing a total of five nucleotide substitutions, all of which have been reported previously. Using general linear mixed-effect model analyses, the presence of variant <math> <mrow><msub><mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> (the most common variant) was associated with a decreased level of C15:1, C18:1 <i>trans</i>-11, C18:1 all <i>trans</i>, C18:2 <i>trans</i>-9, <i>cis</i>-12, C22:0 and C24:0 levels but increased levels of C12:1 and C13:0 <i>iso</i> ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mi><</mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). Variant <math> <mrow><msub><mi>B</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> was associated with reduced levels of C6:0, C8:0, C11:0, C13:0 and C20:0 but increased C17:0 <i>iso</i> and C24:0 levels ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mi><</mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). Variant <math> <mrow><msub><mi>C</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> was associated with decreased C17:0 <i>iso</i> levels but increased C20:0 ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mi><</mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ) levels. In a genotype model, the <math> <mrow><msub><mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> <msub><mi>B</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> genotype was associated with increased levels of C22:0 and C24:0 but decreased C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C13:0, C15:0 and grouped medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) levels ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mi><</mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). Genotype <math> <mrow><msub><mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> <msub><mi>C</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> was found to be associated with decreased levels of C10:0, C11:0, C13:0 and grouped MCFA ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mi><</mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). This is the first report of findings of this kind in NZ HF  <math><mo>×</mo></math>  J cows, and they suggest that variation in exon 3 of bovine leptin gene could be explored as a means of decreasing the concentration of saturated fatty acids in milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 1","pages":"245-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39096133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementary glutamine and L-carnitine enhanced the anti-cold stress of Arbor Acres broilers.","authors":"Yang Liu,&nbsp;Yuying Yang,&nbsp;Ruizhi Yao,&nbsp;Yajie Hu,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Shuai Lian,&nbsp;Hongming Lv,&nbsp;Bin Xu,&nbsp;Shize Li","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-231-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-231-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newborn poultry in cold regions often suffer from cold stress, causing a series of changes in their physiology and metabolism, leading to slow growth and decreased production performance. However, a single anti-stress substance cannot completely or maximally eliminate or alleviate the various effects of cold stress on animals. Therefore, the effects of the supplemented glutamine and L-carnitine on broilers under low temperature were evaluated in this study. Broilers were randomly allocated into 16 groups which were respectively fed with different levels of glutamine and L-carnitine according to the L <math><msub><mi></mi> <mn>16</mn></msub> </math> (4 <math><msup><mi></mi> <mn>5</mn></msup> </math> ) orthogonal experimental design for 3 weeks (the first week is the adaptive feeding period; the second and third weeks are the cold exposure period). Growth performance was recorded, and blood samples were collected during cold exposure. The results showed the supplementation had altered the plasma parameters, growth performance and cold-induced oxidative stress. The increase of corticosterone and suppression of thyroid hormone was ameliorated. Supplemented groups had lower daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio, higher daily weight gain and better relative weights of immune organs. Plasma glucose, total protein, blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase changed as well. Oxidative stress was mollified due to the improved activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, heightened total antioxidant capacity and stable malondialdehyde. Dietary glutamine and L-carnitine improve the growth performance, nutritional status and cold stress response of broilers at low temperature, and their interaction occurred.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 1","pages":"231-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39096132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of the effects of <i>BMPR1B</i>, <i>BMP15</i>, and <i>GDF9</i> genes on litter size in Ramlıç and Dağlıç sheep.","authors":"Koray Çelikeloğlu,&nbsp;Mustafa Tekerli,&nbsp;Metin Erdoğan,&nbsp;Serdar Koçak,&nbsp;Özlem Hacan,&nbsp;Zehra Bozkurt","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-223-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-223-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was carried out to determine the presence of polymorphisms in genes affecting litter size. The SNPs in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B (<i>BMPR1B</i>), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (<i>BMP15</i>), and growth differentiation factor 9 (<i>GDF9</i>) genes were detected in 60 uniparous and 60 multiparous ewes from Ramlıç and Dağlıç breeds. The ewes are maintained in nine public herds at the breeding station of the Afyonkarahisar Sheep and Goats Breeders' Association and lambed in two consecutive breeding seasons. PCR and DNA sequencing analyses were conducted, and 36, 4, and 11 SNPs in Ramlıç and 40, 3, and 11 SNPs in Dağlıç were detected in <i>BMPR1B</i>, <i>BMP15</i>, and <i>GDF9</i> genes, respectively. A total of 16 SNPs in Ramlıç and 10 SNPs in Dağlıç breeds for three genes were found to be significant ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). The resulting analyses showed that four SNPs (g.49496G>A, c.1658A>C, c.2037C>T, c.2053C>T) of the <i>BMPR1B</i> gene and one deletion mutation (c.28_30delCTT) in the <i>BMP15</i> gene of the Ramlıç breed as well as five SNPs (c.1487C>A, c.2492C>T, c.2523G>A, c.2880A>G, and c.2763G>A) of the <i>BMPR1B</i> gene of the Dağlıç breed have significant positive regression coefficients in the desired direction of the rare allele. The observed mutations have potential to be used as genetic markers in the selection of prolific animals for both breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 1","pages":"223-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39096131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}