Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding最新文献

{"title":"Determination of the association of <i>GHR</i>/<i>AluI</i> gene polymorphisms with milk yield traits in Holstein and Jersey cattle raised in Turkey.","authors":"Ozden Cobanoglu,&nbsp;Ertugrul Kul,&nbsp;Eser K Gurcan,&nbsp;Samet H Abaci,&nbsp;Soner Cankaya","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-417-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-417-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research was carried out to determine the effect of a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) region in exon 10 of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene on milk production traits in Jersey and Holstein cows raised in Turkey. Milk samples were recorded as a test day milk yield (TDMY) and an adjusted based 305 d milk yield (305-DMY). Also, milk component traits were detected. Based on the scope of this study, a total of 748 dairy cows, including 305 Holsteins raised in the Marmara Region and 163 Holstein and 280 Jersey raised in the Black Sea Region, were genotyped for the GHR gene using the RFLP-PCR technique. Jersey cows carrying the GG genotype (5.24 %) were associated with higher fat content (P<0.05). Jersey cows with GG and AG also had a higher protein content (3.44 % and 3.38 %, respectively) (P<0.05). Similarly, the protein content was the highest in Holstein cows with the GG genotype (3.46 %) (P<0.01), whereas Holstein cows having AA genotypes displayed higher TDMY (24.64 kg/d) (P<0.05) and 305-DMY (8472.4 kg) (P<0.01). The estimated increase in milk protein and fat contents due to the G allele was 0.07 % and 0.22 % in the Jersey breed, respectively. On the other hand, allele A was highly related to an increase in protein yield and 305-DMY of 0.04 and about 675 kg in the Holstein breed, respectively. The GHR gene should be considered as a potential candidate gene in marker-assisted selection programs to improve the performance of milk and related traits in Turkey dairy cattle populations.","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"417-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8485837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39488830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic profile of leg muscle during early growth and development in Haiyang yellow chicken.","authors":"Xuemei Yin,&nbsp;Yulin Wu,&nbsp;Shanshan Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Genxi Zhang,&nbsp;Jinyu Wang","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-405-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-405-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal muscle growth and development from embryo to adult consists of a series of carefully regulated changes in gene expression. This study aimed to identify candidate genes involved in chicken growth and development and to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms of early growth in Haiyang yellow chicken. RNA sequencing was used to compare the transcriptomes of chicken muscle tissues at four developmental stages. In total, 6150 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) ( <math><mo>|</mo></math> fold change <math><mo>|</mo></math>   <math><mo>≥</mo></math>  2; false discovery rate (FDR)  <math><mo>≤</mo></math>  0.05) were detected by pairwise comparison in female chickens. Functional analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in the processes of muscle growth and development and cell differentiation. Many of the DEGs, such as <i>MSTN</i>, <i>MYOD1</i>, <i>MYF6</i>, <i>MYF5</i>, and <i>IGF1</i>, were related to chicken growth and development. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in four pathways related to growth and development: extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, tight junction, and insulin signalling pathways. A total of 42 DEGs assigned to these pathways are potential candidate genes for inducing the differences in growth among the four development stages, such as <i>MYH1A</i>, <i>EGF</i>, <i>MYLK2</i>, <i>MYLK4</i>, and <i>LAMB3</i>. This study identified a range of genes and several pathways that may be involved in regulating early growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"405-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39490928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcass and meat traits of goats fed diets containing cottonseed cake.","authors":"Dallyson Yehudi Coura de Assis,&nbsp;Fabiano Almeida de Oliveira,&nbsp;Edson Mauro Santos,&nbsp;Ana Alice Lima de Gouvêa,&nbsp;Bruna Maria Aparecida de Carvalho,&nbsp;Camila de Oliveira Nascimento,&nbsp;Luís Gabriel Alves Cirne,&nbsp;Douglas Dos Santos Pina,&nbsp;Aureliano José Vieira Pires,&nbsp;Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba,&nbsp;Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-395-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-395-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cottonseed cake has the necessary nutritional characteristics to be able to substitute the traditional ingredients (such as soybean meal) and reduce the costs of the diet. However, it is necessary to determine the best level of inclusion of cottonseed cake in the diets of fattening goats to improve meat production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass and meat traits of feedlot goats fed diets containing cottonseed cake replacing soybean meal (33 %, 66 % and 100 %). Thirty-two uncastrated Boer crossbred goats (4 months old, 16  <math><mo>±</mo></math>  2 kg initial body weight) were used in a completely randomized experimental design. Replacing soybean meal with cottonseed did not compromise ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mi>></mi> <mspace></mspace> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ) slaughter weight, carcass traits (dressing percentage, loin-eye area and back-fat thickness), primal cuts or carcass morphometric measurements; moisture, protein, or total lipid contents of meat; or the physicochemical traits of color ( <math> <mrow><msup><mi>L</mi> <mo>*</mo></msup> </mrow> </math> , <math> <mrow><msup><mi>a</mi> <mo>*</mo></msup> </mrow> </math> and <math> <mrow><msup><mi>b</mi> <mo>*</mo></msup> </mrow> </math> coordinates), pH, shear force, and cooking loss. However, there was a reduction ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></mrow> </math> ) in the mineral matter content (from 1.08 % to 0.97 %) and an increase ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.006</mn></mrow> </math> ) in the cholesterol content (from 50.85 to 70.55 mg/100 g of meat) of the meat as the dietary levels of cottonseed cake were increased. Based on the results of production and meat quality, we recommend using cottonseed cake as an alternative protein source to replace up to 100 % of soybean meal in feedlot goat diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"395-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39490927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population validation of reproductive gene mutation loci and association with the litter size in Nubian goat.","authors":"Sanbao Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaotong Gao,&nbsp;Yuhang Jiang,&nbsp;Yujian Shen,&nbsp;Hongyue Xie,&nbsp;Peng Pan,&nbsp;Yanna Huang,&nbsp;Yingming Wei,&nbsp;Qinyang Jiang","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-375-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-375-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Litter size is an important component trait of doe reproduction. By improving it, production efficiency and economic benefits can be significantly provided. Genetic marker-assisted selection (MAS) based on proven molecular indicators could enhance the efficacy of goat selection, as well as litter size trait. Many molecular markers have been identified that they can be used to improve litter size in different goat breeds. However, the presence and value of these markers vary among goat breeds. In the present study, we used the reported loci on other breeds of goat as candidate loci to detect whether these loci appear in this Nubian goat population; then we proceed to genotype and detect surrounding loci (50 bp) by multiplex PCR and sequencing technology. As a result, 69 mutations (59 SNPs and 10 indels) were screened out from 23 candidate genes in Nubian goat population, 12 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of first-parity individuals; 5 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of second-parity individuals; 3 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of third-parity individuals. In addition, five loci were significantly associated with the average litter size. The additive effect value of <i>KITLG</i>: g.18047318 G <math><mo>></mo></math> A in first parity, <i>KITLG</i>: g.18152042G <math><mo>></mo></math> A in third parity, <i>KISS-1</i>: g.1341674 C <math><mo>></mo></math> G in first parity, and <i>GHR</i>: g.32134187G <math><mo>></mo></math> A in second parity exceed more than 0.40, and the preponderant alleles are G, C, A and G, respectively. Further, linkage disequilibrium analysis of 21 mutation loci shows that 3 haplotype blocks are formed, and the litter size of combination type AACC in <i>KISS-1</i> gene and AAGG in <i>KITLG</i> gene are significantly lower than that of other combinations genotype in first parity ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). These findings can provide effective candidate DNA markers for selecting superior individuals in Nubian goat breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"375-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39490926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crude glycerin is an efficient alternative to corn in the diet of feedlot lambs.","authors":"Fernada Almeida Merlim,&nbsp;Américo Garcia Silva Sobrinho,&nbsp;Thiago Henrique Borghi,&nbsp;Luís Gabriel Alves Cirne,&nbsp;Roberta Lima Valença,&nbsp;Fabiana Alves Almeida,&nbsp;Viviane Endo,&nbsp;Carlos Renato Viegas,&nbsp;Nivea Maria Brancacci Lopes Zeola","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-387-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-387-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, and performance of feedlot lambs fed diets containing crude glycerin. A total of 30 Ile de France lambs were confined to individual pens at an average age of 45  <math><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow> </math> : 15.1  <math><mrow><mi>kg</mi></mrow> </math> initial body weight and 32.2  <math><mrow><mi>kg</mi></mrow> </math> final body weight. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design and fed three diets containing fresh sugarcane as forage (50 %) and concentrate (50 %), with or without the inclusion of 100 and 200  <math><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow> </math> vegetable crude glycerin per kilogram dry matter (DM) replacing corn. Dietary glycerin inclusion reduced the intake of ether extract ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></mrow> </math> ) and total carbohydrates ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.048</mn></mrow> </math> ) as well as the apparent digestibility of ether extract ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></mrow> </math> ), but it had no effect on the intake and digestibility of the other nutrients nor on lamb performance. The apparent nitrogen balance of lambs on the three diets was positive. Although it does not affect the intake and digestibility of most nutrients, the inclusion of 100 and 200  <math><mrow><mi>g</mi> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mi>kg</mi> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </msup> <mspace></mspace> <mi>DM</mi></mrow> </math> of crude glycerin in the diet tends to worsen lamb performance, indicating that the ideal level of inclusion should be below 100  <math><mrow><mi>g</mi> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mi>kg</mi> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </msup> <mspace></mspace> <mi>DM</mi></mrow> </math> of crude glycerin.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"387-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39466996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive performance of indigenous Lao pigs reared by small-scale farmers in northern provinces of Laos.","authors":"Somsy Xayalath,&nbsp;Gabriella Novotni-Dankó,&nbsp;Péter Balogh,&nbsp;Klaus-Peter Brüssow,&nbsp;József Rátky","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-365-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-365-2021","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indigenous pigs are essential domestic animals for rural life and meat supply in Laos, especially for ethnic people in remote areas. Northern provinces have the most numerous indigenous pig populations, i.e. covering 84 % of the total pig population. This study was conducted in northern Laos, where 164 pig-raising households, 325 sows and 1246 piglets were included. The study aimed to observe the general trend of change in indigenous pig utilization and the altered reproductive performance regarding village location and rearing systems. The semi-structured questionnaires were a key tool for gathering data required through personal interviews and field observations. Two types of indigenous Lao pig breeds (locally named Moo Lath and Moo Hmong) were found in study areas. The village locations were not influencing on reproductive performance of indigenous Lao pigs. Larger litter size and birth weight ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.004&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; -0.000) was found in the second cluster (15 to 30 km away from downtown) with an average of 8.24 heads and 0.88 kg, while the first ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;15&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt;  km) and third ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt;  km) clusters had 7.72 versus 7.12 heads, and 0.70 versus 0.63 kg, respectively. Conversely, the second cluster had lower litter per year ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.001&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) by 1.04, compared to 1.38 for the first and third clusters. The free-scavenging rearing system (FRS) had a higher litter size (8.5) than the confinement (CRS) and semi-scavenge (SRS) rearing system (7.36 versus 7.54). The FRS had a marginally smaller litter per year (0.87) that differed from the CRS and SRS (1.45 and 1.41). The CRS had a shorter suckling period (2.38 months) with a lower weaning weight (6.74 kg), while the FRS and SRS had longer (2.72 versus 2.8 months) and higher weaning weight (7.76 and 7.57 kg). The mortality before weaning was 15 %, and no difference was found related to the villages' location or rearing systems ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.070&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; versus 0.839). Around 56 % of the piglet's deaths were due to poor management that caused piglets to be crushed/injured by sow or starvation. More than 54 % of farmers did not keep sows in pens before the farrowing, and 53 % of sows gave birth near forests. In conclusion, the village locations and rearing systems did not influence the reproductive performance of indigenous pigs in northern Laos. However, pre- and post-farrowing management had a strong effect on it. During the whole study, we took into consideration the successful example of Hungarian Mangalica pig, which could find a proper new role in the global premium markets. Our results suggest that similar complex semi-intensive farm operations as indigenous Mangalica pig farms in Hungary should be a great option for introducing and adapting to improve indigenous pig performance in Laos","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"365-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8444231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39431043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of high-concentrate diets with calcium lignosulfonate and cottonseed processing method on quantitative traits and non-carcass components of feedlot cull ewes.","authors":"Pablo Teixeira Viana,&nbsp;Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho,&nbsp;Mirelle Costa Pignata Viana,&nbsp;Dallyson Yehudi Coura de Assis,&nbsp;Mauro Pereira de Figueiredo,&nbsp;Luís Gabriel Alves Cirne,&nbsp;Jennifer Souza Figueredo,&nbsp;Lorena Santos Sousa,&nbsp;Hermógenes Almeida de Santana Júnior,&nbsp;Douglas Dos Santos Pina,&nbsp;Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-355-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-355-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of cottonseed processing form and the inclusion of calcium lignosulfonate in high-concentrate diets for feedlot cull ewes on carcass traits and non-carcass components. Thirty Santa Inês cull ewes with an average body weight of 44.2  <math><mo>±</mo></math>  5.2 kg and an average age of 50 months were distributed into collective stalls in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of diets including whole cottonseed, crushed cottonseed, whole cottonseed treated with lignosulfonate (100 g/kg, as fed), crushed cottonseed treated with lignosulfonate (100 g/kg, as fed), and a control diet without cottonseed. The experimental diets did not influence ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mi>></mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ) average daily weight gain (0.195 kg/day), slaughter weight (51.74 kg), or in vivo biometric and on-carcass measurements. There was no difference ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mi>></mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ) in loin-eye area or subcutaneous fat thickness as evaluated in vivo by ultrasound. There was no diet effect on hot carcass weight and yield (24.8 kg and 47.8 %), cold carcass weight and yield (24.2 kg and 46.8 %), or chilling loss (2.1 %). Non-carcass components did not differ in response to the diets ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mi>></mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). Dietary inclusion of calcium lignosulfonate increases the proportions of udder and liver relative to empty body weight ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mi><</mi> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). Neither the cottonseed processing method nor the inclusion of calcium lignosulfonate in high-concentrate diets for cull ewes affects their performance, biometric or morphometric measurements, non-carcass components, or qualitative traits of their carcass.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"355-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39428834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating glycolysis and heat shock proteins in Gannan yaks (<i>Bos</i> <i>grunniens</i>) in response to hypoxia of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.","authors":"Yuliang Wen,&nbsp;Jiqing Wang,&nbsp;Xiu Liu,&nbsp;Shaobin Li,&nbsp;Jiang Hu,&nbsp;Yuzhu Luo","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-345-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-345-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycolysis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in hypoxia-intolerant species during hypoxia conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the differences of glycolysis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in Gannan yaks (<i>Bos grunniens</i>), with the main goal of understanding how the response to hypoxia changes with altitude. Here, the genes and enzymes of glycolysis and HSPs were detected in heart, liver, lung, kidney, and longissimus dorsi from Gannan yaks at different altitude (2500 and 3500  <math><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> ) using qPCR, western blot, and enzyme kits. The results showed that the expression of <i>HIF1A</i> and <i>PDK4</i> was increased with altitude ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> ) in above tissues. Significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) levels and the ratio of NADH/NAD <math><msup><mi></mi> <mo>+</mo></msup> </math> were also observed in heart, lung, and longissimus dorsi tissues ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ), as well as a decreased citric acid (CA) level ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). Furthermore, we observed significant global increases in the protein and mRNA expression levels of both the ATP-independent HSP27 and the ATP-dependent HSP60 during hypoxic conditions ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> ). These findings revealed that hypoxia-reprogrammed glucose metabolism promotes energy supply via up-regulated glycolysis and weakness of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. HSPs were activated and the prioritization of cytoprotective protein chaperone functions over energy conservation in yak under hypoxic conditions. These results are useful to better understand the unique adaptability of yak, allowing them to survive in hypoxia conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"345-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8386194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39365844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trehalose can effectively protect sheep epididymis epithelial cells from oxidative stress.","authors":"Zhaojin Luan,&nbsp;Xiaomei Fan,&nbsp;Yongchao Zhao,&nbsp;Huizi Song,&nbsp;Wei Du,&nbsp;Jiaoxia Xu,&nbsp;Zhaochen Wang,&nbsp;Wenguang Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaxin Zhang","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-335-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-335-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trehalose, a naturally nontoxic disaccharide that does not exist in mammals, stabilizes cell membrane integrity under oxidative stress conditions, the mechanism of which is still unclear. Here, we analyzed the effects of trehalose on sheep epididymis epithelial cell (EEC) proliferation and its possible mechanisms. To study the effect of trehalose on EECs, EECs were isolated from testes of 12-month-old sheep; cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to measure the growth of the cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated by assaying cell cycle and apoptosis, and RT-PCR was utilized to identify the epididymal molecular markers glutathione peroxidase 5 (<i>GPX5</i>) and androgen receptor (<i>AR</i>). Next, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was evaluated by a dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were evaluated by enzyme chemistry methods, and <i>GPX5</i> expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that 100  <math><mrow><mi>mM</mi></mrow> </math> trehalose significantly improved the proliferation potential of EECs, in which the cells could be serially passaged 14 times with continued normal <i>GPX5</i> and <i>AR</i> marker gene expression in vitro. The trehalose can increase significantly a proportion of EECs in S phase ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> ) and decrease significantly the apoptotic rate of EECs ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> ) compared to the control. Moreover, the trehalose decreased ROS significantly ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> ) and increased CAT ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> ) and GSH-Px ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ) activities significantly in EECs. <i>GPX5</i> mRNA and protein expression were also significantly upregulated in trehalose-treated EECs ( <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> and <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> respectively). Our study suggested that exogenous trehalose exhibited antioxidant activity through increasing the activities of CAT, GSH-Px, and the expression level of <i>GPX5</i> and could be employed to maintain vitality of sheep EECs during long-term in vitro culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"335-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8386192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39365914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance and meat quality of meat-type guinea fowl fed different commercial diets.","authors":"Justyna Batkowska,&nbsp;Kamil Drabik,&nbsp;Małgorzata Karwowska,&nbsp;Umair Ahsan,&nbsp;Ifrah Raza,&nbsp;Agnieszka Adamczuk,&nbsp;Beata Horecka","doi":"10.5194/aab-64-325-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-325-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of study was to assess the growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of meat-type guinea fowl fed balanced commercial diets under two different feeding programs, similar to those for slaughter turkeys and broiler chickens, respectively. A total of 80 4-week-old meat-type guinea fowl divided into two groups (four replicates per group; 10 birds in each replicate) were raised for 14 weeks. One group received commercially available diets in a three-phased program (TM group), whereas the other group was fed commercial diets in a two-phased program (CM group). Growth-performance-related traits were recorded. At the end of rearing (14 weeks of age), eight birds from each group were slaughtered. Carcass yield and technological traits of meat (pH, color, water-holding capacity, natural and thermal loss, tenderness, fatty acid profile) were analyzed. Groups did not differ in terms of body weight as well as carcass yield and characteristics. There was no difference in meat quality and the fatty acid profile of breast and thigh meat of guinea fowl from TM and CM groups. The findings of this study suggest that both commercial diets (for broiler chickens and turkeys) can be used in meat-type guinea fowl rearing. Due to the lower price of diets fed to the CM group and the lack of significant variation in meat quality traits, its use seems to be more justified from an economic point of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":55481,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding","volume":"64 2","pages":"325-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8339595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39299344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}