Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Bond–slip behavior of 1.4362 duplex stainless steel bar embedded in concrete","authors":"Xiao Ge,&nbsp;Tai-Lin Liu,&nbsp;Yan-Hui Liu,&nbsp;Zhi-Guo Sun,&nbsp;Yu-Qing Yang,&nbsp;Mohammad M. Kashani,&nbsp;Dong-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01142-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01142-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stainless steel reinforcement is widely used in reinforced concrete structures due to its good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In this work, a set of pullout tests on 20 types of specimens are presented. Tensile tests on stainless steel rebars with different diameters and carbon steel rebars are conducted to determine the mechanical properties of rebars. Compressive tests on cubic concrete specimens with different grades are conducted to determine the mechanical properties of concrete. The design of specimens for pullout tests considers the effects of concrete grade, rebar material, rebar diameter, specimen shape, bond length, concrete cover length, rebar position, and stirrups. The damage observation is recorded. The experimental results are compared with the models provided by the Chinese code for the design of concrete structures (GB/50010-2010). With the experimental data, the coefficients of the model are modified by linear fitting. The comparison of bond–slip curves between experimental data and the modified code model is presented. Experimental results indicate that bond strength increases with increasing concrete grades, bar diameter, bond length and concrete cover depth. However, the bond strength between stainless rebar and concrete is smaller than that of carbon steel rebar and concrete. The modified model can produce a better prediction of the bond–slip relation between stainless rebar and concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed GTAW joint of P92 steel and Inconel 625: microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"Sachin Sirohi,&nbsp;Amit Kumar,&nbsp;Manohar Singh,&nbsp;Dariusz Fydrych,&nbsp;Chandan Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01153-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01153-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties has been investigated for the dissimilar welded joint of P92 steel and Inconel 625, fabricated using the pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Microstructural investigation revealed that the pulsed current resulted in finer equiaxed dendrites in the bulk weld metal, while columnar dendrites were observed in the weld metal near the interface. A more uniform distribution of the fine secondary phases was observed in FESEM study. The EDS study of the inter-dendritic areas showed alloying element segregation throughout the weld metal, with higher density near the interface. This segregation led to the formation of secondary phases, specifically MC-type carbides (NbC, TiC), which was confirmed by the EDS analysis. The characterization of the interface between P92 steel and ERNiCrMo-3 filler weld revealed the presence of a filler-deficient zone, marked by features such as islands, peninsulas, and unmixed zones. Elemental diffusion and segregation of Nb, Mo, and Ti at the interface were also confirmed through EDS analysis. Tensile testing demonstrated acceptable tensile properties of the welded joint at room temperature, with a tensile strength of 764 ± 8 MPa and elongation of 33 ± 1%, with the sample failing from the P92 base metal. Significant hardness variations were observed along the welded joint, with the most notable changes occurring in the P92 heat-affected zone (HAZ). A maximum hardness of 420 HV was recorded in the coarse-grained HAZ of P92, while the inter-critical HAZ of P92 showed a minimum hardness of 215 HV. In addition, considerable hardness variation was noted within the weld metal, corresponding to each welding pass as well as across the transverse direction of the welded joint. The maximum and minimum hardness values in the weld metal were 261 ± 9 and 239 ± 13 HV, corresponding to the center and capping passes, respectively, with an average hardness of 250 HV. The Charpy toughness test also indicated acceptable results, with an impact energy value of 176 ± 8.5 J. The study also provides a detailed discussion on the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties, highlighting how microstructural features influence the mechanical performance of the welded joint.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscopic damage behavior of recycled aggregate concrete modified with metakaolin under the combined effects of freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate attack","authors":"Weifeng Bai,&nbsp;Yue Geng,&nbsp;Chenyang Yuan,&nbsp;Junfeng Guan,&nbsp;Chaopeng Xie,&nbsp;Lielie Li","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01056-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01056-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigated the damage evolution of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) following various freeze–thaw cycles in a mass fraction of 5% sodium sulfate solution. Additionally, modified RAC specimens were created by partially substituting cement with metakaolin (MK) at substitution rates of 0% and 15%. The specimens were characterized using uniaxial compression testing, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) testing, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing. The findings demonstrated that in the early cycles, physical damage caused by freeze–thaw primarily dominated, the limited amount of sulfate products filled the pores and generated a positive effect. In the later stages, the generation of numerous sulfate crystals and expansive substances like gypsum and ettringite were the primary factors contributing to the deterioration of specimen damage, increasing porosity and coarsening of pore size distribution. Furthermore, the inclusion of MK compacted the internal structure and alleviated the deterioration of RAC. Finally, based on statistical damage theory, it was believed that there were two damage modes at the mesoscopic: fracture and yield, and the failure mechanism of the specimens under freeze–thaw conditions was analyzed from the perspective of effective stress. By analyzing the evolution law of characteristic parameters, the connection between macro-, micro- and meso-cross-scales was constructed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser welding on 10 mm thick grade 92 steel for USC applications: microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"Dudekula Moulali,&nbsp;Amit Kumar,&nbsp;Krishna Guguloth,&nbsp;Sachin Sirohi,&nbsp;Chandra Shakher Tyagi,&nbsp;H. Natu,&nbsp;Chandan Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01144-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01144-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-power lasers have been shown to be more effective for welding plates with thicknesses of 10 mm or greater. In the present research, a heat-resistant P92 steel plate was welded using the laser beam welding process. The laser-welded joint underwent mechanical testing and metallographic characterization in both the as-welded condition and after post-weld heat treatment (760 °C for 2 h). The macrostructure analysis revealed that the welded joint had full penetration with negligible internal defects. The widths of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), the weld metal at the top, and the weld metal in the root region were 1.77 mm, 3.83 mm, and 3.12 mm, respectively. Inhomogeneity in both the microstructure and microhardness was observed along the welded joint. The coarse-grained structure with negligible precipitates in the coarse-grained HAZ resulted in a maximum hardness of 432 HV, while a minimum hardness of 225 HV was measured in the inter-critical HAZ, likely due to the formation of a complex microstructure. Another important observation in the fine-grained HAZ and inter-critical HAZ was the presence of two types of grain boundaries: one decorated with a high density of precipitates and the other free from precipitates. This contributed significantly to the heterogeneity in the microstructure. The weld metal exhibited a lath-elongated martensitic microstructure, which showed significant hardness variation due to the presence of soft ferrite patches. The hardness of the untempered martensite in the weld metal ranged from 385 to 403 HV, with an average of 398 ± 7 HV. In contrast, the hardness of the soft ferrite patches was measured in the same range of 234–349 HV. The ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation were 1014 ± 11 MPa and 27 ± 3%, respectively, which are significantly close to those of the P92 base metal, as fracture occurred in the P92 base metal. The Charpy toughness measured higher than the recommended value of 47 Joules, confirming the suitability of the welded joint for USC boiler applications. The PWHT significantly reduced the inhomogeneity in microstructure and mechanical properties, though some variation remained. There was a notable decrease in hardness for the weld metal, coarse-grained HAZ, and fine-grained HAZ after PWHT, while the hardness of the delta ferrite patches and inter-critical HAZ remained relatively unaffected, leading to continued microstructural heterogeneity. The tempering of martensite due to PWHT resulted in a drop in ultimate tensile strength and an increase in percentage elongation, with failure still occurring in the P92 base metal in the PWHT condition. Additionally, Charpy toughness increased significantly after PWHT, confirming the applicability of the PWHT for welded joints of P92 steel before final application. A good correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties was established based on these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the possibility of increasing the carburizing temperature of PYROWEAR 53 steel","authors":"T. Rygier,&nbsp;S. Jończyk,&nbsp;J. Szawłowski,&nbsp;P. Bilski,&nbsp;W. Goluch","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01139-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01139-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>PYROWEAR 53 steel is a special carburizing steel used mainly for the production of machine parts for the aviation industry. Machine parts are surface-strengthened in the carburizing process and subsequent heat treatment (hardening, freezing, and low tempering). The carburizing temperature recommended and used in industrial practice is 921 °C. After saturating the surface layer with carbon, it is recommended to reheat for hardening and cooling in oil. This work assessed the possibility of increasing the carburizing temperature and hardening the layer immediately after saturating the surface layer with carbon, after cooling to the recommended hardening temperature of 913 °C. The carburizing process was carried out using the LPC (low-pressure carburizing) FineCarb technology. The condition for increasing the carburizing temperature was to maintain the required grain size of the prior austenite—G6. This study examined the tendency to grow the austenite grain and determined the highest austenitization temperature ensuring the required grain—G6. At this temperature, the carburizing process then heat treatment were carried out in accordance with the requirements of manufacturers of machine parts for the aviation industry. The microstructure of the layer, its phase composition, the content of retained austenite, the value of residual stresses and surface hardness, and its changes at depth were determined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Improving formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy induced by twinning multiplication and annihilation during electromagnetic forming","authors":"Shu Wang,&nbsp;Sheng Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoming Sun,&nbsp;Xiaohui Cui","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01138-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01138-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of optimized spring–mass–damper pedestrian load models for vibration assessment of footbridges: numerical and experimental investigation of a cable-stayed system","authors":"Chiara Bedon,&nbsp;Izabela Joanna Drygala,&nbsp;Joanna Maria Dulinska,&nbsp;Dorota Jasińska","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01117-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01117-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores the potential and accuracy of spring–mass–damper (SMD) pedestrian load modelling strategies for assessing human-induced vibrations of in-service footbridges. To this aim, a recent SMD modelling proposal based on uncoupled single-body measures (SMD-0, in the following) is specifically used for the calibration of key input parameters. Finite element numerical assumptions and findings are robustly supported by original experimental tests carried out on a case-study footbridge in Poland, proving that the proposed approach can serve as an effective tool for analysing vibrations in pedestrian systems. The research study, most importantly, integrates theoretical modelling with empirical and experimental validations, to enhance the credibility of the obtained results, as well as to support the general applicability of the presented methodology. Complex in-field tests are in fact conducted on the selected footbridge, aiming to assess the effects of pedestrians on its dynamic response. Numerical analyses, which are successively performed in ABAQUS/Standard, for a set of examined walking configurations, confirm the high sensitivity of the footbridge to resonance, which was also observed during the in-field tests. The presently used SMD-0 approach is further assessed towards past SMD literature proposals. As shown, the comparison of standard structural performance indicators (such as the peak acceleration value, root mean square and CREST factor) reveals a significant sensitivity of the footbridge response to the input parameters for the analyzed SMD models. Besides, the presently addressed SMD-0 model has the advantage of being based on single-body sensor measurements and its calibration is not affected by structural features. As such, potential applications of present findings could include the improvement of design standards and safety measures for similar structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-025-01117-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spark eroding machining performance, surface textures and optimization strategies for ceramic composites: a review","authors":"L. Selvarajan,&nbsp;K. Venkataramanan,&nbsp;K. P. Srinivasa Perumal,&nbsp;C. Arun,&nbsp;Y. Justin Raj,&nbsp;V. Sivakumar,&nbsp;M. Babu,&nbsp;S. Kannan,&nbsp;D. Katherasan,&nbsp;N. Kasthuri","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01137-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01137-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, notable advancements have been achieved in the field of material science, particularly in metallurgy and ceramic materials. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) has become an indispensable non-conventional machining process, especially suited for intricate shaping of tough materials like ceramics and composites. This comprehensive review delves into the core mechanisms of EDM, focusing on the interplay of thermal energy and electrical discharges. The influence of dielectric fluids and cutting-edge electrode materials is highlighted for their significant role in enhancing machining performance and material removal efficiency. Various EDM techniques, including dry EDM, powder-mixed EDM, micro-EDM, and wire EDM, are explored with a particular focus on their effects on precision, surface quality, and overall material integrity. In particular, the machining of advanced ceramic composites, such as Si₃N₄–TiN and MoSi₂–SiC, is emphasized, where optimizing process parameters becomes crucial to overcoming machining challenges. Key aspects like surface roughness, the formation of recast layers, and alterations in microstructure are scrutinized for their impact on the durability and properties of the final product. The review also sheds light on advanced optimization strategies, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), fuzzy Multi-Objective Optimization (MO), genetic algorithms, and hybrid methods like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO). These tools are essential for boosting EDM performance, especially in applications demanding high precision. The paper ends with some observations about the expanding use of EDM in biomedical applications, especially in the manufacturing of implants and other medical devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical research on additional vehicles protection against explosives","authors":"Dariusz Pyka,&nbsp;Adam Kurzawa,&nbsp;Paweł Żochowski,&nbsp;Marcin Bajkowski,&nbsp;Mariusz Magier,&nbsp;Roman Grygoruk,&nbsp;Maciej Roszak,&nbsp;Krzysztof Jamroziak,&nbsp;Mirosław Bocian","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01121-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01121-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article presents an experimental and numerical study on the effectiveness of an additional shield mounted under the vehicles in reducing the penetration capability of the scattered mines, using the example of the MN-123 mine. For this purpose, the formation of the EFP (explosive formed penetrator) was analyzed for the classic scattered mine system with a double EFP-shaped charge. Then, after validating the numerical results against the experiment for the static tensile test, the authors performed a numerical analysis for a protective structure made of elastomer, placed between the mine and the bottom of the protected vehicle (parallel to the ground surface). Three variants of the thickness of the rubber element from 10 to 30 mm were analyzed in order to determine the impact of the shield thickness on the EFP formation process. In the final phase, the selected system was experimentally tested on a military training ground. The results obtained indicate that the use of analyzed shielding protecting bottom part of vehicles against mines and EFPs can significantly decrease the mine penetration capability. In addition, the use of the smoothed-particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method to describe the formation of the EFP projectile allowed to take into account the highly dynamic nature of the phenomenon. A novelty in the applied study is the use of an elastomeric cover in the immediate vicinity of the mine, which limits the EFP formation process and also limits the speed of the projectile. This is crucial because the key factor determining the penetrating capabilities of EFP is the high kinetic energy of the formed projectile. Based on the research conducted, areas of potential application of this type of covers can be distinguished. These will primarily be all types of heavy, armored vehicles moving in armed conflict zones, exposed to mines/IEDs/EFPs, such as armored infantry fighting vehicles and tanks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-025-01121-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the damage detection of a metallic beam based on the time reversal principle","authors":"Mélissandre Huguet,&nbsp;Alireza Ture Savadkoohi,&nbsp;Claude-Henri Lamarque,&nbsp;Manuel Collet","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01140-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01140-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The time reversal principle is exploited for damage detection of a homogeneous metallic beam, representative of a structural element, at its different health states. Then, a damage index is used for quantifying detected damages. It is shown that even with a limited number of transducers and restricted ultrasonic frequencies e.g., around 30 kHz, the damages are detectable. This study, is a primary step for monitoring civil engineering structural elements such as bridge cables for detection of their damages at their early developments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}