Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable manufacturing of maraging steel seamless tube via flow forming: structure–property relations","authors":"Amborish Banerjee,&nbsp;Kyle Nelson,&nbsp;David Milliken,&nbsp;Laurie da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01199-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01199-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainability in manufacturing is increasingly pushing the metal forming sector to manufacture components with less material wastage. Flow-forming is a sustainable manufacturing route to produce high-value near-net-shape components of complex geometries. The triaxial stress-state and localised deformation occurring during this process necessitates the comprehension of underlying deformation micromechanisms. In this study, flow-forming of MLX^®19 maraging steel alloy was performed at varying feed rates and the effect on the concomitant microstructural evolution was examined. Increasing the feed rates from 5 to 10 mm/rev resulted in a localised deformation and defects in the flow-formed component. The microstructural features of the outer region of the flow-formed component demonstrated refined and elongated grains while the centre and inner regions exhibited less refined grains. The obtained microstructural heterogeneity was further correlated with the associated governing factors such as the deformation and thermal gradients, as well as strain distribution. Regarding the crystallographic texture evolution, the outer region showed the highest volume fraction (~ 16%) of the rotated Goss component <span>(left(011right)left[0overline{1 }1right])</span> indicating that this region underwent excessive shear deformation in addition to compression. On the other hand, the inner region displayed predominant copper-like <span>(left(111right)left[0overline{1 }1right])</span> and rotated cube <span>(left(001right)left[overline{1 }10right])</span> textures (~ 24.5 and 13.6% respectively) suggesting the fact that the inner region experienced predominantly compressive deformation. Tensile tests confirmed that the flow-formed component demonstrated higher strength and lower ductility compared to the base metal (BM) which was attributed to the dislocation density and refined grain formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-025-01199-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the flexural performance of RC beams with various sizes at cryogenic temperatures: a two-stage meso-simulation","authors":"Liu Jin,&nbsp;Chenxi Xie,&nbsp;Wenxuan Yu,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01197-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01197-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a three-dimensional mesoscale model to analyze the flexural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams at cryogenic temperatures, emphasizing the quantitative effects of temperature, structural size, and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. First, a two-stage mesoscale simulation methodology comprising thermal analysis followed by mechanical analysis was established and validated, incorporating the low-temperature mechanisms that account for ice effect and non-uniform deformations of meso-components. Subsequently, the flexural failures of RC beams with varying sizes (150 × 300, 300 × 600, and 600 × 1200 mm) and longitudinal reinforcement ratios (0.23%, 1.20%, and 2.20%) were performed across a temperature ranging from 20 °C to −90 °C. The cryogenic flexural performance of RC beams was analyzed in terms of concrete damage, steel rebar strain, nominal flexural strengths, and ductility. Numerical results show that the decreasing temperature improves nominal flexural strengths while tend toward brittle failure characteristic. Additionally, the nominal flexural strength at low temperatures displays a slight decrease with the increase of the cross-sectional height, indicating a size effect. The maximum reduction in nominal flexural strengths is about 15% when the cross-sectional height adds from 300 to 1200 mm. Moreover, the decreasing temperature and the increasing longitudinal reinforcement ratio enhance the size effect on nominal flexural strength. Finally, a calculation formula for the ultimate moment of cryogenic RC beams was proposed, which took account of the low-temperature effects. This study offers an efficient methodology for predicting the flexural performance and assessing the ultimate capacity of RC beams at cryogenic temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined predictive models for compressive and flexural strengths of FRC: a comprehensive study on synthetic and hybrid fibers","authors":"Yassir M. Abbas,&nbsp;Mohammad Iqbal Khan","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01200-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01200-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current research on synthetic and hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is extensive; nevertheless, there is a need for robust models to assess their mechanical strength. This study comprehensively evaluates test results from 192 FRC specimens, focusing on compressive and flexural strengths. This investigation thoroughly analyzed a range of diverse concrete formulations, incorporating two types of steel fibers, polypropylene, and polyvinyl alcohol fibers, in various configurations (mono-fiber and hybrid systems). This approach aims to investigate the impact of different fiber combinations on the mechanical properties of FRC, providing insights into their synergistic effects. Additionally, the research studied several available models for predicting compressive and flexural strengths. Moreover, the study proposes a refined model employing a multiple-regression analysis approach. The findings suggest that the inclusion of hybrid steel fibrous systems notably improves compressive strength (3.4–8.2%). Hybrid steel-synthetic fibers in FRC also have positive effects (+ 2.2–4.6%), while a mono-synthetic fibrous system shows a potentially negative impact. Significant enhancements in flexural strength (up to 103.4%) were observed in hybrid steel fiber-based SFRC. However, certain mixtures in the synthetic-steel fiber series displayed insignificant strength gains, emphasizing the necessity for an optimized hybrid fibrous system. The study reveals the varying predictive capabilities of the studied available models for compressive strength, with clear limitations in accurately predicting flexural strength for synthetic-based FRC. The proposed flexural strength model exhibits significant concordance with test data, with predicted-tested value ratios within the range of 0.89–1.16. Moreover, these models exhibited high predictive accuracy for compressive strength across 53 concrete mixtures from various independent studies, achieving an average predicted-to-actual ratio of 1.0 and a notably low coefficient of variation (CV) of 14.7%. Conversely, the predictions for flexural strength were more variable, with an average ratio of 1.14 and a higher CV of 30.1%. The precision and reliability of the proposed flexural strength model underscore its efficacy for diverse fibrous systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of spherical bridge bearings on train running safety during earthquakes considering train-track–bridge interaction and soil specification","authors":"Biao Wei,&nbsp;Mingyu Chen,&nbsp;Lizhong Jiang,&nbsp;Changqing Li,&nbsp;Yuanjun Chen,&nbsp;Andong Lu,&nbsp;Zhixing Yang,&nbsp;Shuaijun Li","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01179-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01179-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, while various earthquake mitigation strategies for railway bridges have reached a mature stage, the focus on ensuring train safety during seismic events remains limited. Based on considering different earthquake intensities and sites, this study introduces a three-dimensional train–track–bridge coupling model by taking China Railway Track System (CRTS) II plate ballastless track, a simply supported girder bridge and a train set as examples. It refines traditional train running safety indexes and evaluates the influence of spherical steel bearings (SSBs) on the running safety of trains amid seismic activities. The results show that in areas with hard soil layers, the number of SSB damages varies with the earthquake intensities, and whether the SSB is damaged marginally affects trains running safety during earthquakes. However, in regions with soft soil layers, the longer ground motion periods adversely affect SSBs, leading to significantly larger displacements in damaged SSBs compared to undamaged ones, thereby posing a greater risk to train running safety, especially as the earthquake intensity increases. Thus, for enhanced running safety, particularly in areas with suboptimal soil conditions, larger displacement design values (i.e., increased bearing stiffness) should be adopted, and efforts should be made to limit the sliding of SSBs post-damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of material changes in Pisha sandstone geopolymer composite cement-cured soil under dry–wet-salt intrusion coupling based on TG/DTA-FTIR","authors":"Xiaoze Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li,&nbsp;Dahu Li","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01202-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01202-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research analyzed the characteristics of the microscopic pore structure of the soil cured with Pisha sandstone geopolymer composite cement under dry and wet cycling conditions. And the internal microstructure of the eroded Pisha sandstone geopolymer composite cement-cured soil was carried out by XRD physical phase analysis and simultaneous thermal analysis—Fourier infrared spectrometry. XRD and simultaneous thermal analysis Fourier infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the internal microstructure of the cement-cured soil with a Pisha sandstone ground polymer composite under the erosion of magnesium salt, and to obtain the mineral evolution mechanism of the soil. The internal void structure was measured using the mercury intrusion method.The results show that, under the action of magnesium chloride, dry and wet coupled erosion. The strength of the cement-cured Pisha sandstone geopolymer composite soil decreases faster after 7 cycles of dry and wet salt erosion coupling and there is a tendency to soften the load. The porosity of Pisha sandstone geopolymer composite cement-cured soil has increased by 3.88% after 30 cycles of the action of total porosity, of which the percentage of pores in the interval of 10–100 nm decreases. The percentage of pores in the 1000 nm interval decreases. The percentage of pores in the &gt; 1000 nm interval increased significantly. The increase in the proportion of large pores and the decrease in the proportion of small pores caused the specimen structure to become loose, which in turn led to a decrease in strength. The structure of potassium A-type zeolite and dolomite of Pisha sandstone ground polymer composite cement cure soil was damaged under erosion of magnesium salt, and less stable Sepiolite was generated and the CaCO₃ content in the system decreased, which gradually evolved into the MgCa (CO₃)₂ composite system. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the cement-cured soil of Pisha sandstone geopolymer composite for the construction of agricultural water conservancies in a salt-magnesium environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of impregnated polymer type on the mechanical performance of basalt fiber textiles and cement-based composites","authors":"Xiaofei Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Xunmei Liang,&nbsp;Yongwang Zhang,&nbsp;Zhishen Wu","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01193-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01193-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) has emerged as a promising material for structural reinforcement, retrofitting, and construction. The mechanical performance of TRC is significantly influenced by the polymer used for textile impregnation. This study examines the influence of different polymer impregnations on the performance of basalt textiles and cement-based composites. The experimental findings indicated that polymer type significantly affected fiber synergy within textiles and the interfacial bonding between textiles and concrete. Compared with acrylic and polyvinyl chloride emulsion, epoxy resin impregnation significantly improved the tensile properties of textiles, ensured effective stress transfers, and enhanced bonding performances. TRC with epoxy resin-impregnated textiles demonstrated superior flexural performances, achieving up to 1.85 times higher strength and 48 times greater toughness than other samples. Whereas the limited ductility and toughness in the post-peak stage were observed. Increasing the number of textile layers further enhanced ultimate bending strength and peak ductility, with more pronounced multi-crack formation. Furthermore, theoretical predictions of ultimate bending strength, based on strain compatibility and classical bending theory, showed that the strength utilization rates of both textiles and fibers in epoxy-impregnated textile reinforced concrete exceeded 90%. This highlights the potential of epoxy resin impregnation to optimize TRC for practical engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic rolling strengthening theory and mechanism analysis of high-strength 42CrMo steel","authors":"Haojie Wang,&nbsp;Ramón Jerez-Mesa,&nbsp;Eric Velázquez-Corral,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01189-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01189-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>42CrMo steel is widely utilized in the manufacturing of high-speed, heavy-duty components due to its excellent wear resistance and hardness. To further enhance its performance and extend its service life, ultrasonic rolling strengthening technology has been employed. However, the underlying microscopic strengthening mechanisms induced by ultrasonic deformation require comprehensive investigation. This study aims to analyze the microscopic strengthening mechanisms of unquenched 42CrMo steel through theoretical modeling, processing experiments, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) microstructure characterization. The research focuses on key aspects such as contact mechanics, residual stress distribution, grain boundaries, orientation evolution, and microtexture development under ultrasonic rolling. Experimental results demonstrate that ultrasonic rolling induces severe plastic deformation on the material’s surface, generating significant residual compressive stress within the workpiece. On a microstructural level, ultrasonic rolling increases grain density, refines grain size, and significantly enhances dislocation density. In addition, the formation of fiber texture and a {110} &lt;441&gt; texture was observed, driven by multi-energy field coupling and the natural rotation of slip planes. Importantly, the high-angle random grain boundaries in the unquenched 42CrMo steel matrix were transformed into low-angle boundaries due to the combined effects of high-frequency vibrations and static pressure, which promoted dislocation slip and redistributed grain orientations. These findings provide an in-depth understanding of the microscopic strengthening mechanisms of ultrasonic rolling, highlighting its potential to achieve precise microstructural control and improve the mechanical performance of 42CrMo steel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-025-01189-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting and its application","authors":"Zhiwen Ling,&nbsp;Dazhong Wang,&nbsp;Shujing Wu,&nbsp;Akiyama Takao,&nbsp;Lei Wan","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01184-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01184-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid development of aerospace and defense industries, the shape of products is becoming more and more complex, and the requirements for product processing accuracy and surface quality as well as tool life are getting higher and higher. Ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) can overcome the limitations of traditional cutting methods in difficult-to-machine materials, high surface integrity and high performance and have been widely used, especially in the processing quality and performance assurance of hard and brittle materials such as ceramics, glass, composite materials and cemented carbide. At the same time, in the expansion from the field of manufacturing and processing to the fields of biomedicine and micro–nano-manufacturing, the requirements for precision are almost strict, which poses higher challenges to UEVC technology and its devices. With this trend, many new UEVC devices and applications have been put forward, however, few people have studied them from a comprehensive perspective. In order to fill this gap in literature and understand the development trend of UEVC, this study gives an important overview of UEVC, including its cutting characteristics, device development and application in difficult-to-machine materials. Firstly, the advantages brought by the cutting characteristics of UEVC are analyzed. Next, the development status and shortcomings of UEVC devices with different excitation modes in structural design and optimization are discussed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed. Then, the application of UEVC in difficult-to-machine materials in recent years is expounded, and the influence of various cutting parameters on tool wear and surface quality is analyzed. Finally, a summary of the full text is made, and several prospects for the future development of UEVC are proposed, which points out the direction for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental tests and numerical analysis of the dynamic behavior of thin single and segmented nano-alumina-reinforced cementitious targets","authors":"S. Farsavani Mohammadi,&nbsp;H. Ahmadi,&nbsp;E. Pedram,&nbsp;G. Liaghat","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01172-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01172-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the mechanical performance of cementitious composite targets through nanoparticle addition and target configuration optimization under quasi-static and dynamic loading. This dual approach addresses both material-level and structural-level improvements for impact resistance. Experiments were manufactured by adding three replacement ratios of nano-Al₂O₃ particles, specifically 1%, 2%, and 4% by weight of cement, to the cementitious composite and tested under quasi-static compressive, split tensile, and high-velocity impact (HVI) loading. The finite element model (FEM) was developed using the Abaqus software package, incorporating the JH-2 material constitutive model calibrated with data from experimental material tests. Furthermore, simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of target thickness and segmentation strategy on the ballistic response of specimens. The experimental results revealed that the total incorporation of nano-alumina particles promotes the specimen’s quasi-static mechanical properties and impact resistance, resulting in substantial mitigation of phenomena, including radial cracking, spalling, scabbing, cone cracking, and shear plugging. The addition of 1 wt%. nano-Al₂O₃ caused the maximum compressive and tensile strength values, showing an uptrend of 26% and 110%, respectively. Furthermore, including 1.0% nano-Al₂O₃ particles improved specimens’ ballistic limit velocity (BLV) and energy absorption, showing enhancements of up to 12.7% and 27.2%, respectively. Numerical simulations revealed that increasing the target thickness or subjoining the extra parts improves the BLV, while the damage mechanisms and in situ construction of considered strategies are different. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for enhancing the impact load-bearing capacity of existing and future structures exposed to high-velocity collisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-025-01172-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydration mechanism of ordinary Portland cement-sulphoaluminate cement-anhydrite ternary fast setting and rapid hardening binders","authors":"Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Jingfu Kang,&nbsp;Jinsuo Li,&nbsp;Jian Liang,&nbsp;Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01182-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01182-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the hydration mechanism, influencing factors, and mineral interactions of binders composed of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), calcium sulphoaluminate cement (CSA), and anhydrite (C<span>({overline{text{S}}})</span>) were studied. Results show that the ternary system's fast setting, rapid hardening, and dimensional stability could be adjusted by the OPC content and the ratio of anhydrite/tetracalcium sulfoaluminate (C₄A₃<span>({overline{text{S}}})</span>), which determine the generation of ettringite (AFt). In the early stage of hydration, an increase in the rate of ettringite generation promotes the fast setting and rapid hardening rate of the ternary system. In the middle and later stages of hydration, an increase in the number of ettringite affects strength development and dimensional stability. When the molar ratio of anhydrite/tetracalcium sulfoaluminate is below 4.4, ettringite and aluminum gel (AH₃) are the primary products, shifting to predominantly ettringite when the ratio exceeds 5.8. The optimal composition with 58.1% OPC, 33.4% CSA, and 8.5% C<span>({overline{text{S}}})</span>, displayed an initial setting time of 10 min, final setting time of 14 min, 2-h compressive strength of 25.6 MPa, 28-day compressive strength of 76.1 MPa, and 28-day dry shrinkage of only − 0.0065%. The findings provided a theoretical and scientific foundation for the design and preparation ternary fast setting and rapid hardening binders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}