Arthropod Structure & Development最新文献

{"title":"Ultrastructure of the female pedal gonad in Phoxichilidium femoratum (Chelicerata, Pycnogonida)","authors":"Nina Alexeeva ,&nbsp;Yuta Tamberg","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Phoxichilidium femoratum</em><span><span> is a common species of sea spiders – a small and unique group of </span>chelicerates<span><span> with unusual adult anatomy. In particular, substantial parts of the reproductive system in pycnogonids (unlike euchelicerates) are located in the appendages. Existing studies of pycnogonid gonads are often limited to light-microscopic level, cover a small range of species, and focus on the contents of the gonad diverticula. Ultrastructural data are rare and contradictory, and the organisation of the gonad wall and the gonoducts is unknown. Here we present a detailed light and transmission electron microscopy-based examination of the pedal portion of the adult </span>female reproductive system in </span></span><em>Phoxichilidium femoratum</em><span><span> Rathke, 1799. We describe its gross anatomy and the ultrastructure of the gonad diverticulum, oviduct<span> and gonopore, as well as development of the oocytes. Each gonad diverticulum is enclosed in the </span></span>extracellular matrix<span> of the horizontal septum and bears some internal cellular lining. However, neither the gonad lining, nor the septum sheath cells, ever form a continuous epithelial layer. Oocytes, which undergo maturation in the diverticulum, remain, until very late in the process, attached to the gonad wall though specialised stalk cells. Interestingly, stalk cells do not participate in egg envelope or yolk formation<span>: both are synthesized endogenously in the oocytes. The oviduct is supplied with musculature, which assists in egg transport to the gonopore, whereas the gonopore itself is surrounded by specialised glands.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10308070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the muscular and nervous systems during the larval ontogeny of the stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata Aurivillius 1894 (Cirripedia: Thoracicalcerea: Poecilasmatidae)","authors":"Fook-Choy Yap ,&nbsp;Wey-Lim Wong ,&nbsp;Ving-Ching Chong ,&nbsp;Chui-Wei Bong ,&nbsp;Lee-Hong Susan Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The advancements in microscopic techniques have stimulated great interest in the muscular and neural architectures of invertebrates, specifically using muscle and neural structures to infer phylogenetic relationships. Here, we provide the data on the development of the muscular and </span>nervous systems<span> during the larval development of stalked barnacle, </span></span><em>Octolasmis angulata</em><span><span> using the phalloidin F-actin and immunohistochemical labelling (e.g. acetylated α-tubulin and serotonin) and </span>confocal laser scanning microscopy<span><span><span><span> analysis. All naupliar stages shared the same muscle and neural architectures with only the discrepancy in size. The nauplii have a complex muscle arrangement in their feeding apparatus and naupliar appendages. Most naupliar muscles undergo </span>histolyse during the cyprid metamorphosis. The cyprid muscles form beneath the head shield at the end of nauplius VI. The naupliar and cyprid </span>central nervous systems exhibit the typical tripartite </span>brain<span> comprising the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum. The serotonin-like immunoreactivity is mainly found in the naupliar brain, mandibular ganglia, cyprid brain and posterior ganglia. Our study revealed that numerous muscle and neural architectures in the naupliar and cyprids have phylogenetic significance, but future studies on the myoanatomy and neuroanatomy of other barnacle species are necessary to determine the homology of these structures.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale head anatomy of Megaphragma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)","authors":"Inna A. Desyatirkina ,&nbsp;Anastasia A. Makarova ,&nbsp;Song Pang ,&nbsp;C. Shan Xu ,&nbsp;Harald Hess ,&nbsp;Alexey A. Polilov","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Methods of three-dimensional electron microscopy have been actively developed recently and open up great opportunities for morphological work. This approach is especially useful for studying microinsects, since it is possible to obtain complete series of high-resolution sections of a whole insect. Studies on the genus </span><em>Megaphragma</em> are especially important, since the unique phenomenon of lysis of most of the neuron nuclei was discovered in species of this genus. In this study we reveal the anatomical structure of the head of <em>Megaphragma viggianii</em> at all levels from organs to subcellular structures. Despite the miniature size of the body, most of the organ systems of <em>M. viggianii</em><span> retain the structural plan and complexity of organization at all levels. The set of muscles and the well-developed stomatogastric nervous system of this species correspond to those of larger insects, and there is also a well-developed tracheal system in the head of this species. Reconstructions of the head of </span><em>M. viggianii</em> at the cellular and subcellular levels were obtained, and of volumetric data were analyzed. A total of 689 nucleated cells of the head were reconstructed. The ultrastructure of <em>M. viggianii</em><span> is surprisingly complex, and the evolutionary benefits of such complexity are probably among the factors limiting the further miniaturization of parasitoid wasps.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10669345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flagellar sensilla of the hangingflies Bittacus planus Cheng and Bittacus sinicus Issiki (Mecoptera: Bittacidae)","authors":"Xiao-Yan Wang,&nbsp;Bao-Zhen Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Adult hangingflies are very sensitive to humidity, thereby frequently being used as ecological indicators to assess the degradation of the environment, especially forest ecosystems. Studies on the sense organs<span> associated with hygro- and thermo-sensitivity, however, have been scant. Here, the ultramorphology and distribution of the flagellar sensilla were investigated in the adult hangingflies </span></span><em>Bittacus planus</em> Cheng, 1949 and <em>Bittacus sinicus</em><span> Issiki, 1931 using scanning electron microscopy. Four types of sensilla are identified in </span><em>B. planus</em>, including sensilla campaniformia, sensilla chaetica (SC1, SC2), sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2), and sensilla coeloconica. In <em>B. sinicus</em>, sensilla chaetica III are present additionally from 7th to 14th flagellomeres. Abundant sensilla coeloconica are present on the flagella of <em>Bittacus</em>. Sensilla basiconica I are situated at the joints of flagellomeres. Sensilla campaniformia are densely distributed on the basal half of the first flagellomere, but scarcely on other flagellomeres. Sensilla chaetica II are present on the distal three flagellomeres. The size, abundance, and distribution of flagellar sensilla differ considerably between <em>B. planus</em> and <em>B. sinicus</em><span>. We infer that the abundance of sensilla coeloconica is likely associated with the hygro- and thermo-sensitivity in Bittacidae<span>. Studies of flagellar sensilla can provide valuable information for subsequent electrophysiological, behavioral, biogeographical, and phylogenetic analyses of Bittacidae.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10305954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antennal morphology and sensilla ultrastructure of the malaria vectors, Anopheles maculatus and An. sawadwongporni (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Kanchon Pusawang ,&nbsp;Patchara Sriwichai ,&nbsp;Kittipat Aupalee ,&nbsp;Thippawan Yasanga ,&nbsp;Rochana Phuackchantuck ,&nbsp;Daibin Zhong ,&nbsp;Guiyun Yan ,&nbsp;Pradya Somboon ,&nbsp;Anuluck Junkum ,&nbsp;Somsakul Pop Wongpalee ,&nbsp;Liwang Cui ,&nbsp;Jetsumon Sattabongkot ,&nbsp;Atiporn Saeung","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Mosquitoes rely mainly on the olfactory system to track hosts. Sensilla<span> contain olfactory neuron receptors that perceive different kinds of odorants and transfer crucial information regarding the surrounding environment. </span></span><span><em>Anopheles</em><em> maculatus</em></span> and <em>An. sawadwongporni</em><span>, members of the Maculatus Group, are regarded as vectors of malaria in Thailand. The fine structure of their sensilla has yet to be identified. Herein, scanning electron microscopy is used to examine the sensilla located on the antennae of adults </span><em>An. maculatus</em> and <em>An. sawadwongporni</em>, collected from the Thai-Myanmar border. Four major types of antennal sensilla are discovered in both species: chaetica, coeloconica, basiconica (grooved pegs) and trichodea. The antennae of female <em>An. maculatus</em> have longer lengths (μm, mean ± SE) in the long sharp-tipped trichodea (40.62 ± 0.35 &gt; 38.20 ± 0.36), blunt-tipped trichodea (20.39 ± 0.62 &gt; 18.62 ± 0.35), and basiconica (7.84 ± 0.15 &gt; 7.41 ± 0.12) than those of <em>An. sawadwongporni</em><span>. Using light microscopy, it is found that the mean numbers of large sensilla coeloconica (lco) on both flagella in </span><em>An. maculatus</em> (left: 32.97 ± 0.48; right: 33.27 ± 0.65) are also greater when compared to <em>An. sawadwongporni</em> (left: 30.40 ± 0.62; right: 29.97 ± 0.49). The mean counts of lco located on flagellomeres 1–3, 6, and 9 in <em>An. maculatus</em> are significantly higher than those of <em>An. sawadwongporni</em>. The data in this study indicate that two closely related <em>Anopheles</em> species exhibit similar morphology of sensilla types, but show variations in length, and likewise in the number of large sensilla coeloconica between them, suggesting they might be causative factors that affect their behaviors driven by the sense of smell.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10530502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10306839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of sperm size and evolution of giant spermatozoa in Lonchopteridae (Diptera)","authors":"Michael Tröster ,&nbsp;Marion Kotrba ,&nbsp;Martin Heß","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among species of the spear-winged flies (Lonchopteridae) there is remarkable variation in sperm size, with some species producing giant spermatozoa. With a length of 7500 μm and a width of 1.3 μm the spermatozoon of <em>Lonchoptera fallax</em><span> ranks among the largest known to date. In the present study body size, testis<span> size, sperm size, and spermatid number per bundle and per testis were examined across 11 </span></span><em>Lonchoptera</em><span><span><span> species. Results are discussed in terms of how these characters are related with each other and how their evolution affects the resource allocation amongst spermatozoa. Based on some discrete morphological characters and a molecular tree derived from </span>DNA barcodes a </span>phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus </span><em>Lonchoptera</em> is proposed. The occurrence of giant spermatozoa in Lonchopteridae is compared to convergent occurrences reported in other taxa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9878071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructure of the female reproductive organs of the diving beetle Deronectes moestus incospectus (Leprieur, 1876) (Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae)","authors":"Romano Dallai ,&nbsp;David Mercati ,&nbsp;Paulo Henrique Rezende ,&nbsp;Paolo Pietro Fanciulli ,&nbsp;Pietro Lupetti","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We describe the ultrastructure of the female reproductive organs of <em>Deronectes moestus</em> (Dytiscidae Hydroporinae). The long spermathecal duct has a simple epithelium lined internally by a thin cuticle and externally by a thick layer of muscle cells. The wide duct lumen contains electron-dense material, among which remnants of extracellular material are visible. This material consists of tubular structures assembled around sperm bundles previously described in the male deferent ducts. The so-called gland, disposed along the spermathecal duct, is a structure with epithelial cells lined by an irregular cuticle bearing a rich system of microvilli. Many mitochondria are visible in the apical cytoplasm of the epithelial cells, and a few spheroidal bodies are close to the basal nuclei. Since the epithelial ultrastructure of the gland suggests it is involved in fluid uptake from the lumen rather than secretory activity, the term <em>gland</em>, coined by other authors to describe this organ, is inappropriate. The spermatheca is a large structure with a complex epithelium showing secretory and duct-forming cells. The lumen of this organ contains sperm with the distinctive ultrastructural features of those described in the male deferent ducts, namely having a mitochondrial matrix with a small crystallized area and electron-dense dots. Because to its overall organization, the spermatheca of <em>D. moestus</em> can be considered a more integrated organ than those in previously studied hydroporine species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10257291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of the abdominal segmental glands and spinning behaviour of Stenus larvae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)","authors":"Ana Zippel ,&nbsp;Qing Cao ,&nbsp;Oliver Betz","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We focus on the morphology of the “segmental glands” and their openings in third instar </span><em>Stenus</em><span><span><span> larvae. The location of the openings was similar in both studied species, with paired rosette-like structures present on the head, all thoracic segments and abdominal segments 1–9. No such openings could be found on the antennae, the maxillary palps<span>, the urogomphi, and the legs as suggested in some older publications. We presume that the glands up to abdominal segment 7 are “adhesive” glands. They are compound glandular units consisting of a secretory syncytium with a common reservoir and a canal cell. The common reservoir is connected through a single efferent duct with the opening of the gland. Glands of abdominal segments 8 and 9 show differences in their length, number of reservoirs, the orientation of the efferent canal, the inner structures of the gland openings towards the exterior and the shape and content of the secretion vesicles indicating that they are </span></span>silk glands for cocoon building. The spinning behaviour has been observed during the building of the hatching and </span>pupation retreats. The larva first attaches to the substrate with its pygopod, secretes silk droplets from silk gland openings and pulls out a silk filament from the tip of its urogomphi. Whereas L1 and L2 instars produce an open single-layered net, L3 build a closed bi-layered cocoon.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10257288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neuronal innervation pattern of the subgenual organ complex in Peruphasma schultei (Insecta: Phasmatodea)","authors":"Johannes Strauß","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The proximal tibia<span><span> of orthopteroid<span><span> insects contains sensory organs, the subgenual organ complex, detecting mechanical stimuli including substrate vibration. In </span>stick insects, two </span></span>chordotonal organs<span> occur in close proximity, the subgenual organ and the distal organ, which likely detect substrate vibrations. In most stick insects, both organs are innervated by separate nerve branches. To obtain more data on the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex from the New World phasmids (Occidophasmata), the present study documents the neuronal innervation of sensory organs in the subgenual organ complex of </span></span></span><em>Peruphasma schultei</em>, the first species from Pseudophasmatinae investigated for this sensory complex. The innervation pattern shows a distinct nerve branch for the subgenual organ and for the distal organ in most cases. Some variability in the innervation, which generally occurs for these chordotonal organs, was noted for both organs in <em>P. schultei</em><span>. The most common innervation for both organs was by a single nerve branch for each organ. The innervation of the subgenual organ resembled the nerve pattern of another New World phasmid, but was simpler than in the Old World phasmids (Oriophasmata) studied so far. Therefore, the peripheral neuronal innervation of sensory organs could reflect phylogenetic relationships and provide phylogenetic information, while the overall neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex is similar in stick insects.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9563937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Rudolf Alexander Steinbrecht","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2023.101266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49861334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}