Arthropod Structure & Development最新文献

{"title":"Morphology of the sting apparatus in sapygid wasps of the subfamily Sapyginae (Hymenoptera: Sapygidae)","authors":"Alexander Kumpanenko,&nbsp;Dmytro Gladun","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sapygidae is a small family of Aculeata (Hymenoptera), which is divided into two subfamilies Fedtschenkiinae and Sapyginae. The morphology of the skeleton of the sting apparatus in some European species of Sapyginae, which are kleptoparasites of wild bees from the families Megachilidae, Apidae and Colletidae, was examined. Significant differences in its skeletal structure were noted between <em>Sapygina decemguttata</em> and representatives of the genera <em>Sapyga</em> and <em>Monosapyga</em>. The sting of <em>Sapygina</em> belongs to the decurved type, while <em>Sapyga</em> and <em>Monosapyga</em> have a sting close to the coiled type. A comparison of the structure of the skeletons of the sting apparatuses of <em>Sapygina</em> and <em>Sapyga</em> with that of <em>Fedtschenkia</em> (according to other authors) was made. The similarity of the structure of the sting apparatuses of <em>Sapygina</em> and <em>Fedtschenkia</em> was noted. The possibility of using the Sapyginae sting as an ovipositor is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 101381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure of a gilled stonefly larva from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber","authors":"Zhi-Teng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perlidae stands as the most diverse family within Plecoptera, with evidence suggesting possible adaptation to warmer aquatic environments. Tracheal gills are hypothesized to have played a pivotal role in this radiation process. This study presents the description of a fossilized stonefly larva with gills, preserved as a fresh exuvia in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar. The larva was classified within the family Perlidae based on distinctive morphological traits, including toothed lacinia and sharp-cusped mandibles, slender palps, glossae shorter than rounded paraglossae, and highly branched gills on the sides and ventral surface of thoracic segments. Additionally, the presence of a transverse, sparse, and irregular setal row on the occiput further indicates classification within the subfamily Acroneuriinae. Notably, the fossilized larva displays striking similarities in gill morphology and distribution to certain extant members within Perlidae, suggesting that these gill structures have an advantage in various aquatic habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 101380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative microscopic anatomy of Schizomida – 2. The rostrosoma and the pharyngeal suction pump","authors":"J. Matthias Starck","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper tests hypotheses of independent parallel evolution of the rostrosoma among euchelicerate taxa by analyzing the microscopic anatomy and histology of the rostrosoma of Uropygi (Schizomida and Thelyphonida) and comparing it with the morphology of the snout region in other euchelicerates. The study employs analysis of multiple histological serial sections, μCT-imaging, and graphical as well as computer-based 3D reconstruction. Results of the study are that Thelyphonida and Schizomida share the same morphology of the rostrosoma. The rostrosoma of both groups contains a unique arrangement of musculature that is functionally interpreted as pre-oral suction pump. This is followed by a pharyngeal suction pump. The muscles of the pharyngeal suction pump attach to the epistome and the epipharyngeal sclerite. Neither Schizomida nor Thelyphonida possess a postcerebral suction pump as reported earlier. The microscopic anatomy of the rostrosoma of both taxa is unique and does not compare with any of the other euchelicerates, thus supporting the idea of independent evolutionary origin of the rostrosoma. Thelyphonida, Amblypygi and Scorpiones share the occurrence of a large epipharyngeal/epistomal sclerite with associated musculature, which is a feature that lines up with the Arachnopulmonata concept. A comparison with all Euchelicerata taxa shows that the snout region is formed by homologous morphological elements but the specific arrangement, additions and reductions shape the formation of the rostrosoma, so that parallel evolution of homologous parts of the arachnid ground pattern can be assumed that has formed those elements into convergent morphologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 101372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467803924000422/pdfft?md5=6841998e48ffd80f99c7ea7aa7459177&pid=1-s2.0-S1467803924000422-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conserved exopodite morphology in three-dimensionally preserved trilobites from the Walcott-Rust Quarry (Mohawkian, Ordovician) of New York, USA","authors":"Sarah R. Losso,&nbsp;Javier Ortega-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trilobites were extremely abundant and diverse euarthropods from the Paleozoic Era, but our understanding of their non-biomineralized ventral morphology is restricted to localities with exceptional fossil preservation. The Ordovician-aged Walcott-Rust Quarry in New York State preserves exceptional trilobite fossils as calcite casts in three-dimensions with little to no deformation, providing a valuable view of their ventral morphology. Appendages of the two most abundant trilobites, <em>Ceraurus pleurexanthemus</em> and <em>Flexicalymene senaria</em>, have been known for over 150 years but the original preparation of the specimens as thin sections has led to significant disagreement about their anatomy. <em>Ceraruus pleurexanthemus</em> is more abundant in the thin section collections (157 specimens) and features nearly complete appendages including a subtriangular protopodite with stud-like gnathobases along the medial edge and long endites ventrally. The exopodite consists of a long proximal article bearing dumbbell-shaped lamellae (in cross section) and a shorter distal article, closely resembling that of the cheirurid <em>Anacheirurus adserai</em> from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Shale biota of Morocco. The appendages of <em>F. senaria</em> (37 specimens) are less well preserved. The exopodite bears up to 40 dumbbell shaped lamellae (in cross section) and is proportionally longer relative to the endopodite of <em>C. pleurexanthemus</em>. The close morphological similarity observed between the exopodites of <em>C. pleurexanthemus</em> and <em>A. adersai</em>, despite originating from paleogeographically distant latitudes and temporally separated by over ca. 20 million years, shows that the proposed “Cambrian type” exopodite persisted through the majority of the Ordovician. The morphology of the endopodites between <em>C. pleurexanthemus</em> and <em>A. adersai</em> is more variable when compared to the organization of the exopodites, may reflect selective pressures from locomotion and feeding between these species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 101371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative microscopic anatomy of Schizomida – 1. Segmental axial musculature and body organization","authors":"J. Matthias Starck","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schizomida is an enigmatic group of arachnids that is traditionally considered the dwarfed sister to Thelyphonida. Schizomids are of interest for evolutionary morphology, because they show a number of features like a tripartite prosoma dorsal shield (pro-, meso-, metapeltidium), formation of three sterna, a complex prosoma–opisthosoma transition and a metasoma. By analyzing the body organization of Schizomida and comparing it to Thelyphonida and other arachnids, this article provides evidence for independent evolution of some of these features in Schizomida. This supports the idea that, among arachnids, multiple and independent evolutionary pathways have resulted in similar morphologies, that conventionally have been considered shared similarities. – The analysis of serial microscopic sections and μCT-imaging of segmental indicator muscles of the prosoma evidences that the propeltidium covers prosoma segments 0–4, and the metapeltidium covers segments 5 and 6. The mesopeltidium is a dorsolateral sclerotization of the pleural membrane, not assigned to a segment, and therefore not a tergite. The topographic association of segmental musculature and sclerites of the tripartite dorsum of the prosoma differs from other taxa with such external body organization, e.g., Palpigradi and Solifugae, suggesting independent evolutionary origin. – The prosoma–opisthosoma transition integrates the first opisthosoma segment into the prosoma. The sternite of the first opisthosoma segment forms the metasternum between the coxae of the fourth pair of walking legs. The morphology of the prosoma–opisthosoma transition is similar to Uropygi and Amblypygi, but is less complex. – The morphology of the metasoma (opisthosoma segments X-XII) of Schizomida and Thelyphonida differs from that of all other arachnids carrying a metasoma, thus providing support for multiple independent evolutionary origins of metasomata.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 101373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467803924000434/pdfft?md5=0ab62a1719e4cc81d19530ce3b0bfa6f&pid=1-s2.0-S1467803924000434-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The female reproductive system of the sea spider Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke, 1799)","authors":"Maria Petrova,&nbsp;Ekaterina Bogomolova","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are marine chelicerates. Current pycnogonid phylogeny based on molecular data remains uncertain and contradicts traditional morphological perspectives. To resolve this conflict, understanding their inner anatomy is crucial. The reproductive system of sea spiders shows promise as a source of phylogenetic signal, yet our knowledge in this area is limited. This study presents the first description of the whole female reproductive system of a sea spider at the ultrastructural level. We suggest a more detailed functional regionalization of the ovary based on the ovarian wall ultrastructure and distribution of oocyte developmental stages. Meiosis begins in the germarium, and oocytes progress to the vitellarium through a transportational zone. Vitellogenic oocytes extend through the vitellarium wall, connected with it by a stalk – specialized cells. Balbiani bodies are present in early vitellogenic oocytes but dissipate later. The formation of the vitelline envelope, yolk, and fertilization envelope involves functionally diverse RER vesicles. The study also identifies a reproductive sinus as a separate haemocoel compartment that may enhance nutrient concentration near vitellogenic oocytes. Additionally, oviduct and gonopore glands are described in the female of <em>P</em>. <em>femoratum</em>, although their specific functions and prevalence in other sea spider species remain unclear.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 101370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure of wing in the earliest Permopsocida","authors":"Jakub Prokop ,&nbsp;Kateřina Rosová ,&nbsp;Martina Pecharová ,&nbsp;Pavel Sroka ,&nbsp;Angelika Leipner ,&nbsp;André Nel","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Permopsocids are small acercarian insects with mouthparts specialized for sucking. They are closely related to Hemiptera and Thysanoptera. The earliest known representatives are from the Early Permian. Here evidence is presented that the Permopsocida occurred even earlier in Pennsylvanian (Moscovian) deposits in the Piesberg quarry near Osnabrück (Lower Saxony, Germany). This material is assigned to the Permian family Psocidiidae; <em>Carbonopsocus mercuryi</em> gen. et sp. nov., based on the wing venation diagnosed by the unique branching pattern of the main veins, the shape of the areola postica being longer than wide, the angular shape of the pterostigma, the ir crossvein directed proximally mid of pterostigma (apomorphy) and the vannus formed by the three veins of PCu, A1 and A2. The shape of the veins, with a Y-vein formed by the distal fusion of PCu with A1, could be a putative symplesiomorphy of the Psocodea with Permopsocida and Hemiptera. <em>C. mercuryi</em> gen. et sp. nov. is the first appearance date for Permopsocida and roots the Acercaria tree. In addition, another specimen of <em>Dichentomum</em> cf. <em>arroyo</em> (Psocidiidae) from Carrizo Arroyo is presented and figured, confirming the presence of the genus <em>Dichentomum</em> near the Carboniferous-Permian boundary and linking it to the Artinskian species from Elmo in Kansas, USA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and functional analyses for investigation of sexually selected legs in the frog legged beetle Sagra femorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"Masako Katsuki ,&nbsp;Kaoru Uesugi ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Yokoi ,&nbsp;Takane Ozawa ,&nbsp;Devin M. O'Brien ,&nbsp;Douglas J. Emlen ,&nbsp;Kensuke Okada ,&nbsp;Yasukazu Okada","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mate choice and male–male combat over successful mating often cause disproportionate exaggeration of male trait relative to body size. However, the exaggeration is often not the only trait involved with male–male combat and mate choice: suites of co-expressed traits may function together as a coordinated unit. When this occurs, dimorphism may be expected for these additional, non-exaggerated, structures. <em>S. femorata</em> males have disproportionately large hind-legs used in male–male combat over females. During the fights, fore- and mid-legs are used to keep males in positions where advantageous for leverage. Because use of the exaggerated hind-legs is coordinated with the other legs, they will coevolve as a functional unit. Here, we show that 1) <em>S. femorata</em> has sexual size differences in all three legs; 2) males show positive allometry in the relative sizes of all three legs; and 3) microstructures of tarsi on the fore- and mid-legs are also sexually dimorphic. Despite these differences in the tarsal microstructure, 4) adhesion forces of the tarsi had no sexual difference in flat surface. The microstructure would be specialized on attaching elytra surface. These results suggest that the three pairs of legs function together during fighting behavior, with hind-legs employed primarily for fighting, and the fore- and mid-legs functioning to grip females, keeping males positioned on the back of the female during combat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy and ultrastructural details of the eye of the passalid beetle Ceracupes yui Okano 1988 (Scarabaeoidea; Passalidae)","authors":"Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow ,&nbsp;Nobuo Gokan","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the least studied eyes of any beetle taxon are those of the scarabaeoid family Passalidae. Some members of this family of around 600 species worldwide are known to have superposition eyes (<em>Aceraius grandis; A. hikidai</em>) while others have apposition eyes (<em>Cylindrocaulus patalis</em>; <em>Ceracupes yui</em>). In <em>C. yui</em> of nearly 3 cm body length (this paper) the retinal layer is very thin and occupies approximately half of an ommatidium's total length, the latter amounting to 284 and 266 μm in the respective dorsal and ventral eye regions. The two eye regions are almost completely separated by a prominent cuticular canthus, a feature usually associated with the presence of a tracheal tapetum, a clear-zone between dioptric and light-perceiving structures and a regular array of smooth facets. In <em>C. yui</em> the facets are smooth (but not very regular) and a tracheal tapetum and a clear-zone are absent. The rhabdoms, formed by 8–9 retinula cells, are complicated, multilobed structures with widths and lengths of around 15 and 80 μm, respectively. The combination of some superposition and mostly apposition eye features, e.g., extensive corneal exocones, relatively small number of ommatidia, absence of a clear-zone and tracheal bush, suggest an adaptation of this species' eye to the fossorial lifestyle of <em>C. yui</em>, and, thus, a manifestation of the passalid eye's plasticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467803924000318/pdfft?md5=2b52097170e9d80cdca6f6eb616d9ec6&pid=1-s2.0-S1467803924000318-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-specific larval acoustic behaviour of three stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with emphasis on their stridulatory organs and acoustic signals","authors":"Xu-Ming Dong,&nbsp;Lu Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acoustic behaviour plays a significant role in insect communications, but is rarely reported in their immature stages. Larvae of Lucanidae bear paired stridulatory organs on their thoracic legs, which could produce sounds as communicational signals. However, the species-specific differences on stridulatory organs and acoustic signals are far from fully investigated. In this study, the larval acoustic behaviours of three lucanid species, <em>Lucanus dybowski</em>, <em>Prosopocoilus confucius</em> and <em>P. girafa</em><span> were recorded and compared for the first time. The sound producing mechanism was described in detail based on video recordings, morphological observations, and acoustic analyses. The larvae of all three species are able to produce sounds by scraping the plectrum on the metatrochanter against the pars stridens on the mesocoxa during disturbance. The sounds exhibit species-specific differences in terms of acoustic parameters: the larvae of </span><em>L. dybowski</em> produce short-duration (140–200 ms), single-pulse and low-frequency (∼210 Hz) sounds; <em>P. confucius</em> produce long-duration (500–800 ms), triple-pulse and low-frequency (∼280 Hz) sounds; <em>P. girafa</em><span> produce long-duration (500–560 ms), double-pulse and low-frequency (∼260 Hz) sounds. The amounts and arrangements of the teeth on stridulatory organs also exhibit differences on specific level. The acoustic signals and stridulatory organs were compared using principal component analysis.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10272474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}