Audiology and Neuro-Otology最新文献

{"title":"The Silent Effects of Loud Music: Examining Hidden Hearing Loss and Cognitive Function in Young Adults.","authors":"Sema Satıcı, Ayşe Ayça Çiprut, Ali Cemal Yumuşakhuylu","doi":"10.1159/000547033","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates whether high levels of headphone music listening in young adults contribute to hidden hearing loss (HHL) and whether listening effort (LE) and cognitive skills differ based on headphone exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty participants (18-30 years) with normal hearing were divided into high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) groups based on annual headphone exposure levels recorded via smartphone applications. Participants underwent high-frequency audiometry, auditory brainstem response (ABR), matrix sentence test, behavioral LE measurement, and P300 testing. The measurement of LE and P300 was conducted at varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Working memory was assessed using the reading span test, while attention abilities were evaluated with the Stroop test. Finally, short-term memory was assessed through the visual auditory number sequences test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings from the ABR and matrix sentence tests indicated signs of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in the HR group. In this group, an increase in LE was observed as SNR decreased, which was statistically significant. Furthermore, a significant decrease in P300 amplitude was found in response to SNR changes in the HR group; however, no significant difference was observed in the LR group. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the two groups in the cognitive tests administered.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study lends support to the hypothesis that the habitual listening of music at high volumes through headphones has the potential to result in HHL; however, further longitudinal studies are required to assess the impact of this condition on cognitive skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"502-512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Bone Meningoencephalocele Associated with Cholesteatoma: Systematic Literature Review and a Case Series.","authors":"Amit Wolfovitz, Omer Shaked, Idit Tessler","doi":"10.1159/000546748","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporal bone meningoencephalocele (TB-MEC) diagnosed with or following cholesteatoma is a rare yet complex neurotological scenario. This study aimed to characterize the clinical features and treatment strategies to facilitate clinicians' decision-making and patients' counseling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case series with a systematic literature review of the past 3 decades. For the literature review, PRISMA guidelines were followed, with articles sourced from PubMed and EMBASE. The study examined demographics, clinical aspects, imaging findings, surgical approaches, and postoperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 75 cases (n = 72 from the literature and n = 3 original). The majority of the patients with TB-MEC had prior cholesteatoma surgeries (79%), mostly canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy, with a relatively high complication rate (15%) at presentation. TB-MECs were incidentally discovered intraoperatively in 39.5% of the cases. Most (65%) of the preoperatively diagnosed had major defects (>1 cm). Tegmen mastoideum was involved in 68%. Surgical treatment employed a trans-mastoid approach in 72%, including minor and major defects, whereas middle fossa or combined approaches were reserved for major defects only. Autologous grafts, mainly temporalis fascia, were the primary choice for reconstruction (98%), regardless of defect sizes or surgical approach. Single surgery was mostly sufficient, irrespective of defect size (100% and 93% for minor and major defects), and complications were minimal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite advancements in imaging, TB-MED is still discovered intraoperatively at a substantial rate. High-risk cases are patients with prior complications and multiple past surgeries, mainly CWD. Although previously described complications were ominous, today, a single-stage procedure yields positive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"535-544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring CHAPS as a Potential Measurement for Auditory Processing and Cognitive Ability in Children with Hearing Loss.","authors":"Deniz Tuz, Ceren Bodur, Beyza Akti, Samet Kılıç, Gülce Kirazlı, Pelin Piştav Akmeşe","doi":"10.1159/000539570","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary goal was to investigate the suitability of CHAPS for assessing cognitive abilities and auditory processing in people with hearing loss (HL), specifically in the domains of auditory processing, verbal working memory, and auditory attention.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study comprised 44 individuals between the ages of seven and 14, 22 with HL (N = 11 males) and 22 with normal hearing (N = 10 males). Individuals' auditory attention, working memory, and auditory processing skills were assessed in the study, and self-report questionnaires were used. The evaluation utilized the Sustained Auditory Attention Capacity Test (SAACT), Working Memory Scale (WMS), Filtered Words Test, Auditory Figured Ground Test (AFGT), and the Children's Auditory Performance Scale (CHAPS). Analyses were conducted, including group comparisons, correlation examinations, and receiver operating characteristic evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences in CHAPS total, attention, noise, quiet, and multiple inputs between groups. No significant differences were seen in CHAPS_ideal and CHAPS_auditory memory across groups. The study of SAACT and its subscores, WMS and its subscores, FWT, and AFGT revealed a significant difference between groups, caused by the poor performance of persons in the HL group compared to those in the NH group. The SAACT and its subscores correlated significantly with CHAPS_attention. The AUC calculation showed that The SAACT and CHAPS_attention distinguished persons with or without HL (p < 0.05). WMS_STM and WMS_total correlated with CHAPS auditory memory subscale; however, WMS_VWM did not. AUC values for WMS and its subscores showed significant discrimination in identifying children with or without HL (p < 0.05), whereas CHAPS_auditory memory did not (AUC = 0.665; p = 0.060). FWT and AFGT had a significant relationship with CHAPS_noise and CHAPS_multiple inputs subscales. The CHAPS_quiet and CHAPS_ideal subtests only correlated with AFGT. CHAPS_quite and CHAPS_ideal did not exhibit significant discriminative values (p < 0.05) for identifying children with or without HL, while CHAPS_noise, CHAPS_multiple inputs, FWT, and AFGT did.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CHAPS_attention subscale could be a trustworthy instrument for assessing auditory attention in children with HL. However, the CHAPS_auditory memory subscale may not be suitable for testing working memory. While performance-based auditory processing tests showed improved discrimination, the CHAPS_noise and CHAPS_multiple inputs subtests can still assess hearing-impaired auditory processing. The CHAPS_quiet and CHAPS_ideal subtests may not evaluate auditory processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Hearing Status and Hearing Healthcare Utilization of English-Speaking Expatriates in Thailand.","authors":"Shade Avery Kirjava, Amornphat Kitro, Ratana Sapbamrer, Pheerasak Assavanopakun, Rungnapa Malasao, Pimbucha Rusmevichientong, Michele M Wood","doi":"10.1159/000545789","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study seeks to assess the prevalence of hearing difficulties and hearing healthcare system utilization among English-speaking migrants living in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was digitally distributed to online forums and communities for English-speaking migrants living in Thailand. Ninety participants were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-seven percent of men and 75.8% of women reported at least some hearing difficulty. People who reported hearing loss were more likely to be white, and people who reported greater social disruption due to hearing difficulty were more likely to be younger or transgender. Though people with more hearing loss had received hearing testing more recently than peers with less hearing loss, very few participants treated their hearing loss with hearing aids and no participants received their hearing healthcare services in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>This study shows that English speaking migrants living in Thailand may have hearing difficulty and low rates of hearing healthcare utilization. These results highlight the need for additional research to understand the hearing healthcare needs of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"422-432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of the Exact versus Estimated Angle of Head Position in the Epley Maneuver: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sanathorn Chowsilpa, Jakarin Chawachat, Nicha Hansudewechakul, Suwicha Kaewsiri Isaradisaikul, Charuk Hanprasertpong","doi":"10.1159/000543528","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Epley maneuver is the recommended treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal (PC-BPPV). Traditionally, the angle of the patient's head in each position during the Epley maneuver is not monitored and subjectively estimated by physicians. As a result, deviations of head angles from the standard may affect the treatment result. This study aimed to compare the outcome of the Epley maneuver between the group of exact head angles and the group of subjectively estimated angles (traditional Epley maneuver).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology, Chiang Mai University Hospital. PC-BPPV patients were attached with the head angle measuring device and randomized into 2 groups: group I - the exact angle group, physicians performed the Epley maneuver with accurate head angle in each step; and group II - the estimated angle group, physicians performed the Epley maneuver by estimating the head angle (traditional Epley maneuver). The treatment outcomes were measured at 1 week in the aspects of negative Dix Hallpike results and severity of dizziness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one PC-BPPV patients were recruited and randomized into group I (15 participants) and group II (16 participants). Both groups showed clinical improvement. Although significant deviations of head angles were observed in group II, there was no significant difference in outcomes between the two groups in terms of negative Dix Hallpike and severity of dizziness at the 1-week follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although significant variations of head angles were observed during the traditional Epley maneuver by experienced physicians, these deviations were slight (less than 15°) and did not significantly affect the successful treatment outcome at 1 week, in terms of negative Dix Hallpike and severity of dizziness, when compared to the group with accurate head angle during the Epley maneuver.</p>","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"272-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of Quadri Condition Dichotic Double Word Test in Kannada.","authors":"Sweedal Chrystal Dsouza, C S Jyotsna, K Rohith, M A Yashu, Mayur Bhat","doi":"10.1159/000541598","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dichotic listening (DL) is a test where auditory stimuli are presented simultaneously to each ear. DL has clinical applications in assessing APD, schizophrenia, and brain injury. It is sensitive to hemisphere differences and has been used to study language lateralization. The study aimed to develop, validate, and establish norms for a Quadri condition Dichotic Double Word Test (free recall, forced right, forced left, and switch attention) in the Kannada language (DDWT-K).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 aimed to develop and validate the DDWT-K and phase 2 involved data collection. The developed novel dichotic test was administered on 100 normal-hearing adults in four conditions - free recall, forced right, forced left, and switch attention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed significant ear differences in free recall condition indicating right ear advantage. The switch attention condition showed slightly poorer performance when compared to both the forced attention condition indicating greater task difficulty. The test-retest reliability was above 0.7 for all the conditions indicating good reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings demonstrated the best preservation of the original dichotic effects and hence ready for clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults Implanted as Children: Long-Term Educational, Occupational, and Speech Perception Outcomes.","authors":"Emily Spitzer, Emily R Spitzer, Alexandria Juliet Lichtl, Susan B Waltzman","doi":"10.1159/000545788","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: This study investigates factors that relate to long-term educational and occupational outcomes of adults who received cochlear implants (CIs) during childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted on 109 adults who received a CI before the age of 15 between 2000 and 2012 at a US tertiary medical center. Demographic variables, speech perception scores, and educational and vocational achievements were analyzed. Current US Census and Bureau of Labor Statistics data were used for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at implantation was 2.81 years, and the median age at data collection was 27.30 years. Most subjects were unilaterally implanted (63.3%) and used an oral communication approach (89.0%). Educational outcomes showed that 17% completed a high school diploma or less, and 9% completed an associates or technical degree. Seventy-two percent of the subjects achieved a bachelor's degree or higher, significantly higher than the general US population (37.9%). Occupational outcomes indicated that subjects were employed across various job categories, with a higher proportion in jobs requiring considerable preparation (job zone 4) compared to the general population. There was a significant negative correlation between age at implantation and speech perception scores. Better word recognition scores were also associated with better educational and occupational outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adults who received CIs as children demonstrate excellent educational and occupational outcomes, surpassing those of the general US population. Early implantation and the absence of additional disabilities positively influence these outcomes. Continued investigation of nonspeech outcomes and the factors that influence them is essential to provide better support services for future cohorts. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"404-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Migraine Abortive Drugs on Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Odds: A Database Analysis.","authors":"Marwin Li, Marwin Li, Claire Ceriani, Hongyan Li","doi":"10.1159/000545977","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with migraine may be more susceptible to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) than the general population. Although the underlying pathophysiology remains uncertain, it has been postulated that recurrent vasospasms associated with migraine attacks may cause inner ear ischemia and changes in endolymph pressure. Currently, there are no specific recommendations for preventing BPPV in this vulnerable patient population. Among commonly used migraine abortive drugs, triptans, which are selective serotonin agonists, are known to be vasoconstrictive, whereas calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists are not. This population-based study uses a federated electronic medical record (EMR) database to characterize the prevalence of BPPV among migraine patients and its relevance to their choice of abortive drug.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control study, EMR data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network were queried for subjects who were seen at a participating healthcare organization for a vestibular disorder (ICD10: H81) between 2019 and 2024. Subjects must also have a concomitant, pre-existing diagnosis of migraine (G43). These patients were stratified by age (18-44, 45-64, 65+ years) and sex. The resulting cohorts were then divided into those with and without a BPPV diagnosis (H81.1). Patients with prior documented head trauma (S02, S06, S09), middle or inner ear surgery, or vitamin D deficiency (E55) were excluded. The prevalence of pre-existing triptan and CGRP antagonist use of each BPPV cohort was compared against the non-BPPV cohort of the same age and sex using χ2 analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, the female subject population had significantly higher prevalence of migraine (17.06% vs. 7.26%, p < 0.0001) than the males. Among migraine patients of all ages and sexes, triptan use was significantly more common among BPPV patients than non-BPPV patients (30.90% vs. 25.35%, p < 0.0001). Conversely, CGRP antagonists were more commonly used by non-BPPV patients than by BPPV patients (3.17% vs. 2.45%, p = 0.0005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that, among patients with vestibular disorders, migraine patients with BPPV are more often exposed to triptans, and less to CGRP antagonists, than those without BPPV. Triptans may increase the prevalence of BPPV by potentiating vasoconstriction during migraine attacks, which may result in inner ear ischemia and alterations of endolymphatic pressure, while CGRP antagonists do not. Therefore, CGRP antagonists may be preferable over triptans for preventing BPPV in migraine patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"433-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden Hearing Loss before, during, and after the Pandemic: Investigating COVID-19 Illness and Vaccine-Related Symptoms.","authors":"Elaine C Thompson, Khaled Altartoor, Esther X Vivas","doi":"10.1159/000539791","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accumulating reports suggest an increase in sudden sensorineural hearing loss during the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination periods. However, clear evidence is lacking. The goal of this study was to determine if sudden sensorineural hearing loss is associated with COVID-19 illness or its vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective chart review of 50 randomly selected patients from three, 6-month time periods: \"pre-pandemic,\" \"early pandemic,\" and \"late pandemic.\" Group comparisons were performed for demographics, comorbid conditions, audiologic history, audiometric data, speech reception thresholds, and word recognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred 50 patients were included in this study. A mean difference was observed in that the relative percentage of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) cases increased over time, corresponding to a relative decrease in conductive hearing loss cases. However, this change was not explained by proportional changes in sudden SNHL. Patients in the early pandemic time period were more likely to report tinnitus. Otherwise, the patient groups did not differ on demographic variables, hearing health history, hearing loss presentation, pure tone averages, speech reception thresholds, or word recognition performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Proportion of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss did not change over time from the pre-pandemic period to the early or late pandemic phases. Despite a randomized sample, these findings do not support the hypothesis that COVID-19 illness or vaccine is associated with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000544897","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544897","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55432,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology","volume":" ","pages":"295-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}