Anderson F. Santos, A. D. DO CARMO, V. C. Harthman, M. Romagnolo, Luiz A. B. Souza
{"title":"Can fruit ontogenetic features prove to be an important tool in the circumscription of Psychotrieae alliance?","authors":"Anderson F. Santos, A. D. DO CARMO, V. C. Harthman, M. Romagnolo, Luiz A. B. Souza","doi":"10.1071/SB20020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Rubiaceae tribe Psychotrieae sensu lato and its two largest genera, Psychotria L. and Palicourea Aubl., have been considered taxonomically controversial for a long time. We aimed to identify structural features of the ontogeny of the fruits and seeds with taxonomic potential for the tribe by using species of these two genera, and Rudgea jasminoides (Cham.) Müll.Arg. The samples were obtained from a herbarium and from Brazilian state parks, and sectioned by using a rotation microtome. The fruits were found to be derived from an inferior ovary, and were characterised by a fleshy mesocarp and sclerenchymatic sinuate pyrene. The seeds were pachychalazal and arillate. The fruit was classified as a pomaceous drupoid nuculanium. The investigation showed the utility of some fruit features to discriminate species. Our study also showed that ontogenetic features of fruits and seeds are very homogeneous in Palicourea and Psychotria, which supports the inclusion of both genera in the tribe Psychotrieae.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"527 - 540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42922736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Swenson, J. Munzinger, Stephan Nylinder, G. Gâteblé
{"title":"The largest endemic genus in New Caledonia grows: three new species of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae) restricted to ultramafic substrate with updated subgeneric keys","authors":"U. Swenson, J. Munzinger, Stephan Nylinder, G. Gâteblé","doi":"10.1071/SB21006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB21006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Pycnandra Benth., a member of subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae), is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. It circumscribes 59 species, plus an additional three described here, and nine additional species that remain undescribed for various reasons. We here use nrDNA data of ETS, ITS, and RPB2, analyse it within a Bayesian framework using BEAST, and place the new species in their respective subgenera. Pycnandra perplexa Swenson & Gâteblé is placed in subgenus Achradotypus and given a preliminary IUCN Red List assessment of Near Threatened (NT). It is confined to the ultramafic massif of southern Grande Terre and separated from the similar species P. griseosepala Vink, which is confined to non-ultramafic mountains north of the large southern ultramafic plateau. Pycnandra kopetoensis Munzinger & Swenson and P. margueriteae Munzinger & Swenson are two new micro-endemic species known only from their type localities, where habitats have been destroyed by deforestation, deliberate fires and mining activities. Pycnandra kopetoensis is named after Mount Kopéto, placed in subgenus Leptostylis, and given a preliminary assessment as Critically Endangered (CR). Pycnandra margueriteae is from a small remnant forest near Bourail and categorised as Critically Endangered (CR). Revised identification keys for subgenus Achradotypus, Leptostylis and Pycnandra are provided.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"510 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43371267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trevor C. Wilson, Evelyn A. Radunz, Stephanie H. Chen, B. Conn, M. Henwood
{"title":"A new genus and species for Chloantheae (Lamiaceae)","authors":"Trevor C. Wilson, Evelyn A. Radunz, Stephanie H. Chen, B. Conn, M. Henwood","doi":"10.1071/SB20029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A molecular phylogeny of Chloantheae (Lamiaceae) based on a three-marker chloroplast and nuclear DNA dataset was used to test the monophyly of Lachnostachys Hook., Newcastelia F.Muell. and Physopsis Turcz. A clade consisting of at least one species from each of these genera was recovered separately from the ‘core’ Lachnostachys, Newcastelia and Physopsis clades. The members of this composite clade are here transferred to the new genus, Apatelantha T.C.Wilson & M.J.Henwood, which can be recognised by a combination of the base of the style being glabrous or with only non-glandular trichomes (glandular trichomes lacking), apex of corolla lobes (when present) acute to obtuse (not extending into an apical protrusion) and thin-textured (not distinctively thickened), pherophylls subtending three flowers, and anther connectives glabrous (sessile glands absent). A description of the new genus, together with new combinations for five species of Apatelantha, and amended descriptions of Lachnostachys, Newcastelia and Physopsis, are provided. A new species, Newcastelia clavipetala T.C.Wilson & Radunz, is described and illustrated. A taxonomic key to genera of Chloantheae, and keys to species of Lachnostachys, Newcastelia, Physopsis and Apatelantha are provided.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"485 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42171614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bally, C. Marks, Hyungtaek Jung, Fangzhi Jia, S. Roden, Tal Cooper, E. Newbigin, P. Waterhouse
{"title":"Nicotiana paulineana, a new Australian species in Nicotiana section Suaveolentes","authors":"J. Bally, C. Marks, Hyungtaek Jung, Fangzhi Jia, S. Roden, Tal Cooper, E. Newbigin, P. Waterhouse","doi":"10.1071/SB20025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nicotiana is found predominantly in the Americas and Australia, but also has representatives in Africa and the Pacific Islands. All native Australian Nicotiana species belong to section Suaveolentes. The number of species in this section is uncertain and subject to revision. An example of this uncertainty is the taxonomic status of a South Australian Nicotiana accession colloquially termed ‘Corunna’. Here, we report sequences for nuclear and plastid markers for N. sp. Corunna (D.E.Symon 17088) and accessions of two other Australian species, N. burbidgeae and N. benthamiana. Phylogenetic comparison of these sequences with those of other members of Nicotiana places all three taxa in N. section Suaveolentes and shows that ‘Corunna’ represents a distinct phylogenetic lineage in a well supported clade along with N. goodspeedii, N. maritima, N. amplexicaulis and N. suaveolentes. Phenetic analysis of floral characters also supports recognition of N. sp. Corunna (D.E.Symon 17088) as a distinct species, which we describe here as Nicotiana paulineana Newbigin & P.M.Waterh., sp. nov. The enlarged molecular dataset described here contributes to a better understanding of taxonomic relationships within the section.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"477 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46641861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Conn, M. Henwood, Kirstin M. Proft, Judith A. Scott, Trevor C. Wilson, Rod S. Howes
{"title":"An integrative taxonomic approach resolves the Prostanthera lasianthos (Lamiaceae) species complex","authors":"B. Conn, M. Henwood, Kirstin M. Proft, Judith A. Scott, Trevor C. Wilson, Rod S. Howes","doi":"10.1071/SB20023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The diagnostic characteristics and distinctiveness of plant taxa have traditionally been based on a combination of geographic and morphological discontinuity. Implicit within these concepts is the notion that morphological variation is fixed and that gene flow among taxa is limited. However, species complexes that comprise a range of more-or-less continuous morphotypes often confound such assumptions and resist formal taxonomic treatment. A range of independent data sources, namely, nucleotide sequences, volatile oils and traditional morphology, were used in an integrative approach to resolve the taxonomic structure within the geographically widespread species complex of Prostanthera lasianthos Labill. We concluded that no dataset has primacy in defining segregate taxa, and that a combination of morphological and molecular data was required to determine the taxa within. As a result, we amended the description of P. lasianthos sens. strict. and recognise the following five new segregate species: Prostanthera largiflorens B.J.Conn & K.Proft, P. lasiangustata J.Carrick ex B.J.Conn & K.Proft, P. rupicola B.J.Conn & K.Proft, P. subalpina B.J.Conn & K.Proft, and P. williamsii B.J.Conn & K.Proft.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"438 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Mavrodiev, David M. Williams, M. Ebach, Anna E. Mavrodieva
{"title":"Fassettia, a new North American genus of family Ceratophyllaceae: evidence based on cladistic analyses of current molecular data of Ceratophyllum","authors":"E. Mavrodiev, David M. Williams, M. Ebach, Anna E. Mavrodieva","doi":"10.1071/SB20008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The major goal of this study was to re-analyse a published molecular dataset based on ITS and matK sequences of the genus Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae) within a cladistic framework, operating only with rooted trees. The problem is lack of an identifiable suitable outgroup to Ceratophyllum. We show different ways to root trees and thus resolve the sister group relationships within this genus. We root the trees using an all zero outgroup or a combination of exemplar taxa from among monocots (Acorus), eudcots (Ranunculus) and Chloranthus. Ceratophyllum echinatum was consistently strongly supported as sister to all of the remaining taxa of the genus. This observation is congruent with the earlier results of Les who noted the uniqueness of C. echinatum in a series of comprehensive morphological and biosystematic studies. We, here, transfer C. echinatum to a new and presumably monotypic genus Fassettia Mavrodiev. The exact taxonomic circumscription of Fassettia requires further investigation.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"431 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taxonomic revision of Riccia (Ricciaceae, Marchantiophyta) in the monsoon tropics of the Northern Territory, Australia","authors":"D. Cargill, K. Beckmann, R. Seppelt","doi":"10.1071/SB20030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The genus Riccia L. in the monsoon tropics of the Northern Territory north of the 18°S latitude is revised. Sixteen species are described in detail, including four new species (R. abdita Cargill, R. chrysocrinita Cargill, R. obchantiana Cargill and R. verrucosa Cargill), with accompanying images and line drawings. A key to the species and distribution maps are provided.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"336 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45060627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Callmander, S. Buerki, F. Zich, A. Field, Timothy J. Gallaher
{"title":"Pandanus grayorum (Pandanaceae), a new species endemic to north-eastern Queensland (Australia)","authors":"M. Callmander, S. Buerki, F. Zich, A. Field, Timothy J. Gallaher","doi":"10.1071/SB20033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Pandanus grayorum Callm., Buerki & Gallaher (Pandanaceae) is newly described from the Wet Tropics of north-eastern Queensland in Australia. It is the second Australian species other than P. gemmifer H.St.John known to reproduce by axillary plantlets on aerial branches. It can be distinguished from P. gemmifer and P. solms-laubachii F.Muell. by the dimensions of its leaves, shape and dimensions of its syncarps, and by the morphology of its phalanges. The placement of P. grayorum in a molecular phylogeny confirmed morphological evidence and showed that the new species clusters with P. gemmifer and P. solms-laubachii in a clade closely related to the P. tectorius Parkinson complex. Pandanus grayorum is known from near the banks of the lower reaches of Mulgrave, Russell, Johnstone and Moresby rivers and associated subcoastal flood plains. Most collection records are from areas outside national parks and a preliminary conservation assessment of Vulnerable is suggested using the IUCN Red List. Finally, a key to north-eastern Queensland Pandanus species is also provided.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"327 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43199333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Acrotylaceae (Gigartinales) revisited: molecular data indicate family-level differences in one of the most enigmatic red-algal families","authors":"G. Kraft, G. Saunders","doi":"10.1071/SB20027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Acrotylaceae (Gigartinales) has been an obscure, puzzling red-algal family composed of six genera (Acrotylus, Amphiplexia, Antrocentrum, Claviclonium, Hennedya and Ranavalona) that have virtually no habit and vegetative features remotely in common. Excepting Amphiplexia, with two species, all are monotypic and, save for Ranavalona, endemic to the southern half of Australia, Ranavalona being known only by a single collection from southern Madagascar. The most noteworthy unifying feature of the genera is the cystocarps, in which carposporangial filaments grow into a hollow cavity from inner hull layers. In almost all other respects, apart from zonate tetrasporangia, there are no anatomical features that appear uniformly throughout the complex. Molecular studies indicate that the family is composed of the Acrotylaceae sensu stricto (for Acrotylus, Hennedya and Ranavalona) and the newly proposed Clavicloniaceae (for Claviclonium, Amphiplexia and Antrocentrum). We recognise a new species of Acrotylus (A. cryptographicus) and transfer Rhabdonia mollis Harvey and R. hamata Zanardini to Antrocentrum. Closest affinities of both families lie with the Dicranemataceae, Mychodeaceae and Mychodeophyllaceae of the Gigartinales. The South African genus Reinboldia, which is based on a single 19th century collection, has been questionably included in the Acrotylaceae previously but should, in our opinion, be excluded.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"305 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46802626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taxonomic revision of five species groups of ebracteate-erect Myosotis (Boraginaceae) endemic to New Zealand, based on morphology, and description of new subspecies","authors":"Heidi M. Meudt","doi":"10.1071/SB20028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Macro-morphological data were analysed to assess the distinctiveness and revise the taxonomy of 14 species, varieties and tag-named taxa in five informal species groups of ebracteate-erect forget-me-nots endemic to New Zealand. The following nine species are recognised: Myosotis albosericea Hook.f., M. brockiei L.B.Moore & M.J.A.Simpson, M. capitata Hook.f., M. concinna Cheeseman, M. goyenii Petrie, M. laeta Cheeseman, M. monroi Cheeseman, M. rakiura L.B.Moore, and M. traversii Hook.f. Three species have two allopatric subspecies each in the South Island, distinguished by few, minor morphological characters, including Myosotis brockiei subsp. brockiei and M. brockiei subsp. dysis Courtney & Meudt subsp. nov., M. goyenii subsp. goyenii and M. goyenii subsp. infima Meudt & Heenan, and M. traversii subsp. cantabrica (L.B.Moore) Meudt comb. et stat. nov. and M. traversii subsp. traversii. Myosotis × cinerascens Petrie is hypothesised to be a rare natural hybrid involving M. traversii subsp. cantabrica and another species, possibly M. colensoi. Several vegetative and floral characteristics can distinguish the study taxa from one another and from other ebracteate-erect species. The nine species plus M. × cinerascens are included in the taxonomic treatment, and the key also includes other recently revised ebracteate-erect species.","PeriodicalId":55416,"journal":{"name":"Australian Systematic Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"252 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46251122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}