Baltic Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Weight loss of logwood piles stored under winter conditions in Poland","authors":"Marcin Jakubowski, Maciej Praczyk","doi":"10.46490/bf576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf576","url":null,"abstract":"Our work focuses on the natural drying of woods in winter. It aimed to compare the natural drying process of three wood species: Scots pine as coniferous species, sessile oak as ring-porous species with a marked heartwood and silver birch as a sapwood species with a diffuse-porous structure. The research was carried out in central Poland. We collected logs from a 41-year-old stand destined for thinning. We stacked the logs randomly in one pile. The experiment took place between November 30, 2016 and April 4, 2017. All the samples were measured individually every two days throughout the experiment. We found logs lost weight during the experiment, especially pine (12% of total mass), less so oak and birch (7%). We recorded the biggest decrease during the last month (in spring). The wood’s moisture content decreased the most in pine and the least in oak heartwood. The stepwise regression model explains the impact of weather at 58%. Relative humidity was the most significant factor (0.58), followed by temperature and wind. We observed that weight loss and diameter are related to different degrees in the tested species, which probably depends on the sapwood area. Our observations show that natural wood drying in winter is a slow process that speeds up in the spring. Keywords: natural drying, woodpiles, wood storage, moisture content.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46766140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon stocks in the forests of the Ural Region","authors":"R. Sultanova, M. Martynova, G. Odintsov, Y. Yanbaev","doi":"10.46490/bf608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf608","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines carbon stocks in the forests of the Ural region forest fund. Carbon deposition in forest biomass, the average, average annual and annual carbon absorption were assessed by age groups and dominant species. The average annual rates of forest destruction were estimated depending on the territory of forest fires and burnt areas. Carbon losses in the biomass pool after continuous logging were estimated according to the methodology \"On approving guidance to calculate greenhouse gas emissions” developed by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Carbon storage indicators were calculated from the groundwood of coniferous, hard-leaved and soft-leaved forests for all age groups. Changes in carbon stocks are shown for the period 2007-2018. The forests of the study area, the Republic of Bashkortostan, were found to sink carbon in 3,618.9 thousand tons/year. Pinus sylvestris L. forests accumulate the largest amount of carbon, 58,384.3 thousand tons, among coniferous forests. The difference between carbon absorption and its budget was 3,124.4 thousand tons/year. Soft-leaved stands that dominate in the republic accumulate the largest total carbon stock being 195,900.2 thousand tons. However, their average level of carbon stock is lower than that of coniferous and hard-leaved forests. Maintaining the level of carbon dioxide uptake is a strategic task of the republic's forestry sector, with compensatory reforestation being one solution. Keywords: absorption; carbon; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; storage; wood harvesting","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44536157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic controls in the distributions of tree species on the Karadağ Massif, NE Turkey","authors":"A. Usta, M. Yilmaz","doi":"10.46490/bf614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf614","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to reveal the relationships between the distribution of tree species in the mountainous land on the Karadağ massif located in the transition zone of the Canik-Giresun mountains and the Trabzon mountains sites, and topographic variables. Results of independent t-test and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) indicated that Carpinus orientalis and Quercus petraea showed high ecological tolerance to humid-drought sites, whereas it limited the distribution of Castanea sativa in more humid areas. Although Alnus glutinosa, Fagus orientalis and Picea orientalis show similar ecological characteristics, it is likely that these species will be affected by the rainfall on the Canik-Giresun mountains along with the increasing fog in the upper altitudes of the Trabzon mountains. With increasing urbanization in sub-altitudes close to the coast, negative interventions may limit forests to steep slopes that are unsuitable for agriculture and settlement. Therefore, the drought-resistant Pinus sylvestris that can go down to the coast, the drought-resistant naturalized Robinia pseudoacacia, and Pinus pinea that is characteristic tree of the Mediterranean climate, which are distributed in the sub-altitudes of the Trabzon mountains site, are remarkable in terms of the impact of environmental variables. Given the current social-ecological dynamics, particularly in mountainous areas, which are highly fragile landscapes; understanding these relationships can help to guide appropriate future management strategy in the area and around. Key words: Eastern Black Sea region, environmental variables, sites, independent t-test, PCA \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47715228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of altitude differences on seed germination and seedling growth in Rhododendron luteum Sweet","authors":"Müberra Pulatkan, Asena Sule Kamber","doi":"10.46490/bf565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf565","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to encourage the use of Rhododendron luteum Sweet, distributed in high altitudes in its natural habitat, in planting designs and landscape architecture and to cultivate these plants by seed propagation. In this context, the effects of different altitudes on R. luteum germination and post-germination seedling growth were investigated. The germination success of R. luteum seeds collected at 3 different altitudes, 1,586 m, 1,760 m and 2,100 m a.s.l., was investigated under greenhouse conditions at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and humidity of 70 ± 2% and in soil, peat, soil + peat (5:5), peat + sand (7:3), soil + sand (7:3) and soil + peat + sand (4:4:2) propagation media. The post-germination seedling height, root length, and the number of leaves of the seedlings were determined. Different altitudes had significant effects (P < 0.05) on height, root length, and the number of leaves of the seedlings. The highest germination percentage was 76.69% with the seeds collected from 2,100 m. Furthermore, seedlings that grew from these seeds possessed the best seedling growth with a greater height, longer roots, and a greater number of leaves. Keywords: landscape architecture, Rhododendron luteum, seed propagation, variation","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44553152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface retention of polyurethane and acrylic coatings on impregnated spruce wood (Picea abies Karst) and comparison with some wood preservatives","authors":"Konstantin Bahchevandziev, Nikola Mihajlovski","doi":"10.46490/bf223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf223","url":null,"abstract":"The natural spruce wood has low resistance against biological degradation and weather effects, so further protection is required, up to meeting the durability requirements for wood used in exterior classes. According to the wood preservatives standards, coatings as water repellents belong to the group OS (organic solvent) preservatives. The coatings have a water-repellent function, and they are not toxic, so these advantages make them usable like impregnation material.  The objective of this work is impregnation of the spruce wood (Picea abies Karst) using the “Double vacuum process” with coating material based on polyurethane and acrylic isocyanate resins and determinate the coatings quantity in wood. The impregnation efficiency is expressed through the retention. The coatings retention is compared with the minimal standard prescribed retention of the preservatives, most frequently used, namely creosote, copper chrome arsenate (CCA) and waterborne copper-rich systems like copper azole (CBA-A, Thanalite E), to show the efficiency of the applied double vacuum process. The coating retention is not significantly different from the minimum prescribed retention of creosote and amounts 118 - 149 kg/m3 or 32 to 38 times higher than the recommended retention of CCA or CBA-A for wood protection in the exterior use. The polyurethane and acrylic wood coatings can be successfully applied for wood impregnation purposes. Key words: impregnation, retention, spruce wood, polyurethane coatings, acrylic isocyanate coatings.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47790654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical observations of the yield of logs from trees of the boreal region","authors":"P. Kärenlampi","doi":"10.46490/bf556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf556","url":null,"abstract":"The yield of sawlogs and plywood logs from boreal trees is discussed. First, taper curves are used to compute geometric (maximal) sawlog and plywood log contents. Then, a quality reduction is implemented, according to previously published models. Finally, the outcome is verified using empirical observations. Regarding spruce trees, the different estimates of sawlog content agree. In the case of birch and pine trees, the estimates differ. The sawlog and plywood log yield from large trees is greater than prognosticated one, probably due to missing over-aged trees in the empirical data.  The yield of sawlogs and plywood logs from small trees is smaller than prognosticated one, most of the empirical data originating from thinnings with a focus on the quality of the remaining trees. The sawlog content of individual trees from clearcutting displays a skew distribution around the expected value. The distribution in thinning trunks shows a binary component, with a large proportion of trees with zero sawlog content. Keywords: sawlog; plywoodlog; Picea abies; Betula species; Pinus sylvestris \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43065264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenological observations on protected natural areas associated with brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) ecology","authors":"F. Fyodorov","doi":"10.46490/bf618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf618","url":null,"abstract":"The Chronicles of Nature (Letopis Prirody) kept in the nature reserves of the Russian Federaton aggregate a wide spectrum of systematic field records. Information of particular interest therein is the timing of ripening of berries and their yields across years, since berries are an important food for many wildlife species, including brown bear (Ursus arctos), a core species in boreal European Russia. Such trophic links are most explicit and interesting in the autumn during fattening or hyperphagia period in bears, when the animals depend on berry availability for storing up fat. We aimed to identify the ecological relationships of brown bear applying integrated analysis of field data on the carnivore diet and of records from the Chronicles of Nature of the Kivach Nature Reserves (the middle taiga) and the Pinega Nature Reserve (the northern taiga). We have determined the prevalence (%) of the certain foods in brown bear scats sampled from transects along forest roads and paths. The number and productivity of fruit-bearing rowan trees (Sorbus aucuparia) were determined along permanent transects. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) berries dominate in brown bear diet. Berry ripening dates (19-43 days) and the average yield (scores 1.3 to 5.0) vary greatly over years. Trends in ripening onset dates follow a vector towards earlier dates. In the Pinega NR, the rate of this process is faster in bilberry. The coefficient of rank correlation between the number of fruit-bearing rowans along dirt roads and rowan prevalence in scats was r=1. The same significant correlation was found between the number of fruit-bearing rowan trees and rowan berry yield. The prevalence of different foods in brown bear scats during the hyperphagia period shows the high dietary plasticity of species. A reliable strong correlation was detected in the Pinega NR between the last sighting of brown bear tracks in autumn and the onset of berry ripening in bog bilberry and rowan. The relatively stable food supply for brown bear in the middle and northern taiga of European Russia is one of the factors defining the high numbers and wide distribution of the species. Keywords: Chronicles of Nature, nature reserves, middle and northern taiga subzones, fattening foods, berry fruiting, trophic links, dietary plasticity, Ursus arctos. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46801997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media as an opportunity or a blind alley in social communication and forest education? – Experiences from Poland","authors":"Natalia Korcz, Radosław Lewoń","doi":"10.46490/bf602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf602","url":null,"abstract":"The article characterizes the experiences, problems, and prospects for the development of forest education on social media, which in Poland has been carried out by the Państwowe Gospodarstwo Leśne Lasy Państwowe (National Forest Holding ‘State Forests’) over the past several years. The activity of foresters (employees of the State Forests with a University Degree) on social media allows contact with the public, i.e. the transmission of knowledge about forests to a wide audience, a rapid response to difficult discussions, often attacking foresters about forest management taking place in public spaces. In addition, social media has great potential for communication between scientists and the public, and even for scientific collaboration (so-called citizen science; scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur scientists). As a result of training in this attractive area of social media, the passion and experience of foresters is increasing the audience on social media for State Forests every year, all of which translates into the need for evaluating and monitoring the data from passive educational methods. Keywords: social media, forest education, informal education, environmental education, social communication, conflicts, citizen science, foresters","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43785459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEcosystem fit of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations in south-western Bulgaria","authors":"T. Tonchev","doi":"10.46490/bf601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf601","url":null,"abstract":"А classification according to the level of ecosystem fit for plantations of Scots pine in south-western Bulgaria is proposed in this study. For this purpose, two indices which characterize the relief and soil conditions are used. The assessment of climatic conditions is made using the De Martonne index. The plantations are classified into four groups and two subgroups. The predominant part (55.8%) of the studied plantations grows in highly vulnerable to drought zone, while 35.5% are in the absence of ecosystem fit. This way of classification of the Scots pine plantations will allow to apply differentiated management regimes. In the present conditions of climate change, this classification can be used in estimation of the appropriate habitats for the afforestation by establishing Scots pine plantations in the future. Keywords: adaptive management, climate change, aridity index, forest stands classification","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42628315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep soil ploughing for afforestation: a review of potential impacts on soil and vegetation","authors":"I. Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, G. Survila, K. Armolaitis","doi":"10.46490/bf590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf590","url":null,"abstract":"Deep ploughing—which inverts, covers, or mixes soil organic layer (forest floor) and surface mineral A horizon into the mineral subsoil, burying the upper soil horizon in deeper layers, and disrupting pedogenic processes—is a debatable topic in forest plantation management. Overall, this review article aimed to identify the impacts of deep ploughing on the properties of forest plantations, adapting experiences from the agricultural sector. This paper examines the main impacts of deep ploughing technology on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, ground vegetation, and tree aboveground and belowground biomass in afforested former agricultural land. Analysis of the published literature shows that deep ploughing can be used under different climatic and soil conditions, but it induces site-specific changes in soil properties and vegetation. Mechanical site preparation during afforestation and reforestation should follow the requirements of sustainable soil management, in order to avoid negative effects on the environment and biodiversity. Based on this analysis, we suggest key indicators that may be specific to deep ploughing responses in afforested sites and can contribute to risk assessment, aimed at achieving sustainable forest management. To date, most studies on mechanical site preparation for forest plantation have been performed using a few conifer tree species; therefore, it is important to expand empirical studies.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44893975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}